• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2009

This is a following study of the preceding study, Flexibility of mind and divergent thinking in problem solving process that was performed by Choi & Do in 2005. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between ability to shift a viewpoint and insight into invariance, another major consideration in mathematical creativity, in the process of mathematical problem solving.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

The most widely used instrument to assess perceiving a calling, the CVQ(Calling and Vocational Questionnaire), is composed of three constructs: transcendent sermon, purposeful work, and prosocial orientation. Recently assessing perceiving a calling has received great attention and it is critical not only for job incumbents but also college students who are in the job search stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate measurement invariance of the Korean CVQ between employees and college students. 339 job incumbents and 252 college students participated in this study, and based on the multiple group confirmatory factor analysis from the structural equation model, we confirmed the measurement invariance between employees and college students at the scale level. Thus, the perceived calling scale is applicable to both employees and college students without biases. This study provided meaningful information in understanding calling, and we discussed limitations and future directions.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.105-127
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• 2022

It is known that the maximal invariant set of a continuous iterative dynamical system in a compact Hausdorff space is equal to the intersection of its forward image sets, which we will call the first minimal image set. In this article, we investigate the corresponding relation for a class of discontinuous self maps that are on the verge of continuity, or topologically almost continuous endomorphisms. We prove that the iterative dynamics of a topologically almost continuous endomorphisms yields a chain of minimal image sets that attains a unique transfinite length, which we call the maximal invariance order, as it stabilizes itself at the maximal invariant set. We prove the converse, too. Given ordinal number ξ, there exists a topologically almost continuous endomorphism f on a compact Hausdorff space X with the maximal invariance order ξ. We also discuss some further results regarding the maximal invariance order as more layers of topological restrictions are added.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.909-928
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• 1996

In this paper, an empirical law of the iterated logarithm is investigated in the context of a stationary and ergodic martingale differences whose values taking in a measurable space.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.867-874
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• 1995

Linear invariance is closely related to the concept of uniform local univalence. We give a geometric proof that a holomorphic locally univalent function defined on the open unit disk is linearly invariant if and only if it is uniformly locally univalent.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.295-303
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• 1997

Let ${X_k : k = 1, 2, \cdots}$ be a sequence of independent, identically distributed integer-valued random variables with common distribution function F.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 1995

The baker's transformation is an ergodic transformation defined on the half open unit square. This paper considers the limiting begavior of the partial sum process of a martingale sequence constructed from the baker's transformation in the context of an invariance principle of a uniform central limit theorm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.359-369
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• 2023

Purpose: This study evaluated the internal structure (structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance) of the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with Eight Items (HINT-8), developed to measure Korean people's health-related quality of life. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 6,167 adults aged over 18 years. The structural validity of the HINT-8 was assessed using exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and measurement invariance were analyzed using McDonald's omega (ω) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Results: The HINT-8 had a single dimension and good internal consistency (ω =.804). The one-dimension HINT-8 exhibited matric invariance but not scalar invariance across sociodemographic groups (sex, age, education, and marital status). Further, it exhibited scalar or partial scalar invariance across medical condition groups (hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and cancer). Conclusion: The study finds that the HINT-8 demonstrated satisfactory structural validity and internal consistency, indicating its suitability for practice and research. However, the HINT-8 scores cannot be compared across different groups regarding sex, age, education, and marital status, as the interpretation varies within each sociodemographic category. Conversely, interpretation of the HINT-8 is consistent for individuals with and without hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptom, and cancer.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.443-444
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 비행기 모델을 대상으로 invariance and immersion방법을 적용하여 비선형 제어기를 설계한다. 이 방법을 사용하면 추정오차에 대한 추정식 형태로 off-the-manifold 좌표축을 정의하고, dynamics를 구하고, 이로부터 파라미터 적응규칙을 유도한다. 제어기는 이와 관련된 파라미터로부터 선형 화하지 않고 직접 설정하며, 마지막으로 리아프노프 함수를 통하여 알고리즘의 안정성을 증명한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 1998

The measured equation of invariance (MEI) method was introduced as a way to determine the electromagnetic fields scattered from discrete objects. Unlike more traditional numerical methods, MEI method over conventional methods over conventional methods are very substantial. In this work, Haar wavelets are applied to the measured equation of invariance (MEI) to solve two-dimensional scattering problem. We refer to "MEI method with wavelets" as "Wavelet MEI method". The proposed method leads to a significant saving in the CPU time compared to the MEI method that does not use wavelets as metrons. The results presented in this work promise that the Wavelet MEI method can give an accurate result quickly. We believe it is the first time that wavelets have been applied in conjunction with the MEI method to solve this scattering problem.