• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.813-817
• /
• 2009

The effect of 4 seaweed extracts (Desmarestia viridis, Dictyopteris divaricata, Scytosiphon lomentaria, and Ishige okamurae) on pro-inflammatory mediators as well as nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ in the stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was investigated. They reduced iNOS and interlukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ expressions at transcription level. Of those, 3 extracts (D. divaricata, I. okamurae, and S. lomentaria) inhibited the COX-2 expression at translation level. $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation was inhibited by D. divaricata and S. lomentaria extracts. Therefore, we concluded that the extracts from D. divaricata and S. lomentaria could inhibit the activation of murine macrophage through the blocking of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2012

우리는 방사선피부염 동물 모델을 확립하여, 이차 면역 기관에서의 면역 세포 비율 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한, 방사선 조사에 의한 병소에서 transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$)과 interlukin-10 (IL-10)의 발현을 증가시킨 세포를 분석하였다. Hairless-1 (HR-1) 쥐의 posterior dorsal 부위에 6 일간 매일 10 Gy 씩 electron (E)-ray를 국부 조사하여 방사선피부염 모델을 만들었다. FACS를 이용하여 면역 세포 비율의 변화를 분석한 결과 비장과 림프절에 존재하는 항원제시세포와 T 세포 및 B 세포들의 비율이 E-irradiation에 의해 영향을 받았다. 피부에서 세포 특이적인 마커와 사이토카인들의 발현 양상은 면역형광염색법으로 확인하였다. 방사선 조사 후, TGF-${\beta}1$과 interlukin-17 (IL-17)은 regulatory T 세포(Treg)보다 keratin-14 (K-14)를 발현하는 진피의 끝부분에서 높게 발현되었다. Interlukin-10 (IL-10)는 Treg 뿐만 아니라 T helper 17 (Th17) 세포, dendritic 세포, macrophage 중 어느 것과도 같은 위치에서 검출되지 않았다. 우리의 데이터는 방사선피부염 동물 모델의 병소 안에서, TGF-${\beta}1$이 증식된 keratinocyte에 과발현된다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2009

To evaluate the anticolitic effect of red ginseng (RG, the steamed root of Panax ginseng CA. Meyer, Araliaceae), RG and its representative constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, were orally administered to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice and inflammatory markers investigated. RG and its constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, inhibited colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity induced by DSS. The ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ as well as protein levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. These ginsenosides also inhibited the activation of a transcription nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$. Ginsenoside Rh2 was a more potent inhibitor than ginsenoside Rg3. The anticolitic effects of these ginsenosides were comparable with sulfasalazine.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2009

Rhubarb is the well-known and frequently used herbal medicine for the treatment of constipation, inflammation, and cancer. As described in the Korea and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, rhubarb consists of the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, R. officinale, and R. tanguticum. However, the pharmacological differences among rhubarb have not been scientifically established. In the present study, we investigated and compared the inhibitory effects of 70% ethanolic extracts from R. palmatum (RPE), R. officinale (ROE), R. nobile (RNE), and R. franzenbachii (RFE) on the production of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), interlukin-1beta ($IL-1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. ROE, RNE, and RFE significantly inhibited the release of NO, $PGE_2$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$. RPE significantly reduced the release of $IL-1{\beta}$, but not NO, $PGE_2$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Overall, RFE was found to inhibit the release of $PGE_2$ and $IL-1{\beta}$, to a far greater degree than RPE, ROE, and RNE. Our results indicate that RFE possess the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among 4 tested rhubarb.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.166-183
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine anti-imflammatory effects of Haedoksamultang. Methods: In this study, I examined the effects of Haedoksamultang on the production of nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), and interlukin-1${\beta}$(IL-1${\beta}$) as well as the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-1${\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. Haedoksamultang inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis showed that Haedoksamultang suppressed LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Haedoksamultang also suppressed the expression and production of LPS-stimulated TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1${\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. Haedoksamultang inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, this compound blocked $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the cytosolic NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 subunit, which highly correlated with the production and expression of inflammatory mediators. Results: Haedoksamultang suppresses that inflammation-associated gene expression by blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Conclusion: These results suggest that Haedoksamultang may be beneficial for treating inflammatory disease.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.1087-1095
• /
• 2003

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Lycopus lucidus, has been reported to be a selective inducer of apoptosis in various human cancer and shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We postulated that BA modulates the immunomodulatory properties at least two groups of protein mediators of inflammation, interlukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) and the tumor necrosis factor- $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) on the basis of the critical role of the monocytes and tissue macrophages in inflammatory and immune responses. TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ were produced by BA in a dose dependent manner at concentration of 0.625 and 10 $\mu$g/mL. The production of NO associated with iNOS was inhibited when treated with LPS at the concentration of 2.5 to 20 $\mu$g/mL of BA whereas COX-2 expression was decreased at 2.5 to 20 $\mu$g/mL. These modulations of inflammatory mediators were examined in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. The morphology of macrophage was also examined and enhanced surface CD 40 molecule was expressed when treated BA at 0.625∼5 $\mu$g/mL with or without LPS. Furthermore, BA (20 $\mu$g/mL) enhanced apoptosis by producing DNA ladder in the RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that BA induced activation of macrophage and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of BA to mediate macrophage, suppress inflammation, and modulate the immune response.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1265-1271
• /
• 2008

Adlay bran is a waste product previously thought to have no commercial value, Its methanolic extract was fractionated using n-hexane (ABM-Hex), ethyl acetate (ABM-EtOAc), 1-butanol (ABM-BuOH), and water (ABM-$H_2O$). The ABM-EtOAc fraction exhibited a strongest inhibition against growth of human lung cancer cell A549 and human colorectal carcinoma cells HT-29 and COLO 205. Inhibition of cell cycle progression at $G_0/G_1$ transition, increase of cells at the sub-$G_1$ phase, and DNA ladders were observed in cells treated with ABM-EtOAc. The ABM-BuOH fraction showed the strongest inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interlukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ in stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, ABM-EtOAc and ABM-BuOH inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in A549 and HT-29 carcinoma cells, while COX-l expression was not affected. These results reveal that both ABM-EtOAc and ABM-BuOH may aid the prevention of cancers and the applications in cancer chemotherapy.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.594-599
• /
• 2007

In this study, we evaluated whether the oral administration of chondroitin from the cartilage of Raja kenojei is effective on the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice. Arthritis development was delayed dose-dependently in the chondroitin-treated groups. The pre- and late-treated groups receiving 1,000 mg/kg of chondroitin had clinical scores that were reduced significantly by 56.9 (p<0.05) and 43.3% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to the vehicle-treated groups. Hematoxylin eosin staining and X-ray radiography showed that the chondroitins reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and prevented joint destruction of the knee and paw. Reverse transcription-polyerase chain reaction analysis revealed that chondroitin administration inhibited the expressions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), $interlukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) in joints more than the administration of vehicle. Chondroitin treatment also decreased the production of rheumatoid factors (RF), IgG and IgM, in the serum of CIA mice. These results indicate that chrondroitin administration has a protective effect involving the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in CIA mice.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2014

Grapes has long been used for food, and reported as containing polyphenol which has antioxidant and anti-cancer effects. Neuroinflammation is chronic inflammation at the brain, lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (QG) isolated from the leaf of Vitis labruscana has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. QG were investigated using MTT assay, western blot, nitric oxide (NO) assay, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) assay, cytokine assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in BV2 cells. QG dose-dependently attenuated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), accordingly inhibited the production of NO and $PGE_2$. QG decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interlukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). Thereby, QG may offer therapeutic potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disease related to neuroinflammation.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.569-579
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 송화분을 probe sonicator (PS)로 초음파 파쇄하여 water, 70% ethanol, ethanol로 추출하여 항산화, 항염증, 간 보호 효과를 측정한 연구이다. 항염증 효과는 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 유도된 RAW264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide(NO) 및 cytokine 생성을 측정하였다. 70% ethanol-PS군에서 NO 저해율이 $85.99{\pm}0.12%$로 가장 높게 나타났고 염증 관련 cytokine인 $interlukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 결과에서도 control군에 비해 약 63, 22%로 저해율로 우수한 효능을 보였다. 간 보호 효능은 HepG2 세포에 타크린을 처리하여 glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 생성을 측정하였다. 70% ethanol-PS군에서 GOT, LDH의 결과에서 negative control군에 비해 약 28, 13%의 높은 저해율을 나타냈다. 따라서 송화분을 70% ethanol로 초음파 파쇄하여 추출하였을 때 항산화, 항염증, 간 보호 효과가 있는 기능성 식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.