• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2002

Field learning have not well performed in elementary school for various reasons, in spite of the benefits of field study. Absence of suitable geological field courses for elementary science education is one of several reasons The purpose of this study is to develop learning materials for the field geology in Hampyeong region and apply them to the geological related units for elementary science education. The 5 observation sites for the field geology learning in study area include various rocks and geological structure such as granite, gneiss, conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, plant fossil, fold, fault and weathering phenomenon changing rocks to soil. This study area is suitable place for the field geology learning of elementary science education in Kwangju and Chonnam province because of convenience access, fresh outcrops and distribution of various geological learning materials as rocks and structure.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.274-285
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop geological field study sites for learning topography and geology of the area with igneous rocks, specifically in Duibaejae volcanic edifice and Seonang-bawi that were distributed in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do area. As a follow up, we conducted a study to examine the effect of the study sites when applied to high school freshmen Earth science course. The study proceeded based on the Orion's model in the order of preparatory unit, field trip, and summary unit. The geological field study sites were developed based on the geological study elements presented in the Korean Earth science curriculum. Before the field trip, students simply memorized factual knowledge on minerals, rocks and etc., and showed very low level of understanding on the formation process of the region that was distributed with granite and basalt. Especially, their understanding showed that granite and basalt were formed from the same magma at the same time. After the field trip, they increased in-depth level of understanding about minerals, rocks, and geological structures, but were not able to explain the topographical characteristics of the two rocks because they did not recognize the times of the creation of granite and basalt. The reason is that they have learned the simple concept of the process of forming granite and basalt in their middle school, but that they have not learned the meaning of the difference between two the geological eras when each of the two rocks, granite and basalt, were formed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine potential as a geological field course of Odongdo located to the east of Yeosu city, Korea. The total area and the height from the sea level of Odongdo is about 0.13km2 and 42m, respectively. Odongdo area belongs to the Hallyeohaesang National Marine Park, and is famous for rock scenery in the rocky coast and living of rare plants. For this study, diversity of geomorphology and geology was investigated at the sites called as dragon cave, windy area, seal rocks, sunrise viewing platform, second seashore rocks and first seashore rocks along the coast of Odongdo. The results of this study are as follows: A lot of geomorphological and geological resources like sea cliff, sea cave, strata, various sedimentary rocks(conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone), andesite, fault and examples of rock weathering were found in the rocky coast of the study area. These field resources are pertinent to the field work materials for the teaching and learning of geology units in elementary school science. Odongdo is to be recommended as a site of outdoor geological field course for the elementary school students inhabited in Yeosu city and neighborhood area because each site of the rocky coast in this study area has various field work materials and the wide space for observe activities, and is equipped with the facilities as a trail for rock observation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-181
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• 2001

Using a field spectrometer having a spectral range of 0.4$\mu\textrm{m}$~2.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ with a spectral resolution of 1nm, the researchers measured the reflectance of granite, andesitic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and pyrophyllite ore in the Ungsang area, Kyungsang Basin, South Korea. Spectral characteristics of the geological media were investigated from the analysis. The in-situ measured sites were selected in well exposed rock outcrops. In case of unfavorable weather conditions, rocks were sampled and remeasured under natural solar condition. The reflectance of field data was measurd at three sistes for granite, six sites for andesitic rock three sites for sedimentary rocks, and two sites for pyrophyllite ore. The vibrational absorption bands for pyrophyllite are detected in the spectral range of 2.0$\mu\textrm{m}$~2.5$\mu\textrm{m}$. The absorption band for granites in study area is not distinctive. The reflectance measured under normal field conditions showed strong absorption at wavelengths of 1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.9$\mu\textrm{m}$ due to the effect of moisture in the atmosphere. After the bands of 1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.9$\mu\textrm{m}$ were removed, Hull Quotient method was applied to characterize absorption bands. The reflectances of field data were calculated to estimate the band ratio corresponding to the Landsat TM and EOS Terra ASTER. The researchers suggest here that the TM band2, band3, band4, and band7 or ASTER band2, band3, band4, and band9 are the best combination for discriminating outcrops. The researchers tested and demonstrated using a Landsat TM image in the study area. For geologic applications, decorrelation stretch is also an effective tool to enhance the exposed rock mass in images.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2000

In spite of the benefits of field studies, field surveys have not well performed in secondary school. Although many field sites have been developed lately, most field guidebooks describe the geological formations at the outcrops professionally so they can not be used by secondary school students. It is necessary to develop the field study program with which earth science teachers can do field activities easily rather than the one of a highly technical nature. The purpose of this study is to develope a secondary school geology course and to help earth science teachers practice it by providing the efficient teaching methods for the field study

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.A
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• pp.303-315
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• 2001

This study is a research result of investigating causes of landslides occurred at Uijongbu in Kyonggi Province, Korea. For works of this research, informations and data about landslides occurred at the site, geological and topographical informations were collected to analyze causes of landslides, and mapping landslides was performed by using results of field investigation. Data about rainfall during occurrence of landslides around Uijongbu was also used to find the effect of intense rainfall on occurrence of landslides. Based on informations obtained from field investigation and collected data, the scale and the pattern of landslides were analyzed and influencing factors on landslide such as intensity and duration of rainfall, topography, geologic condition, geotechnical engineering properties of ground, forestry were investigated statistically to find causes of landslides. On the other hands, for geotechnical engineering respects, slope stability analysis was performed for the typical sites chosen from the sites where the landslides occurred, using informations obtained from detailed topographical survey with total stations, field reconnaissance and results from laboratory tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.184-197
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore needs and the direction for the development of localization data in the geological field of elementary school. Many studies show that geology-related learning is highly effective in the form of direct learning, and It is reported that this learning has a positive effect on students' scientific attitudes. As such, the first-hand experience of the geological learning is outdoor geology learning and is the basis and core of the development of localization materials. However, the analysis of this study shows that the development of outdoor geology learning site is mainly conducted in some regions. In addition, considering that geological sites are distributed evenly throughout Korea, it is necessary to actively develop geological-related localization materials to learn elementary school geology-related units. In addition, some areas where outdoor geological study grounds were developed are composed only of learning places and no specific learning materials have been developed. In this regard, not only geological researchers but also field teachers working in the area need much effort. Development of localization material in the geological field needs to be developed at the level of material presented in the geology unit of the textbook. And in the actual class, it is desirable to use the textbook data and the developed localization data at the same time. In addition, the development of the outdoor geology field should be developed in consideration of the pre-experience-post activities so that learners can have various geological experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

This study involved 22 students in one class of 4th year science intensive course at B College of Education. We investigated the changes in the acquisition of knowledge in the field of geology and the perception of geological exploration among pre-service teachers. For this study, a period of four weeks was designated for a semester to a geological field trip. For the geological exploration, the Geoparks of City B (Geumjeongsan Mountain, Amnam Park, Igidae, Dusong Peninsula, Jangsan, Taejongdae, and Hwangnyeongsan Mountain) were designated. The concept of geology and rocks has been extracted from the concepts that can be found in the Geopark. The composition of the group was composed of one group of four members autonomously. The other two of the pre-service teachers joined a group of friends with whom they had an affinity. After the geological field trip, the materials were organized by group and PPT presentations were made during the lecture time where all the members could listen. The extent to which the pre-service teachers acquired the concepts of geology and rocks after conducting the geological field trip was interpreted as the result of pre- and post-statistical processing. In addition, we interpreted what kind of perception the pre-service teachers had after the geological field trip as a result of the statistical processing before and after. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: First, it was effective for the pre-service teachers to acquire the concepts of strata and rocks after the geological field trip. The reason for this is that the experience of the pre-service teachers in conducting geological field trips has changed their perception of geological field trips. In addition, it is interpreted that these results were obtained because the pre-service teachers had a high level of interest in geology and rocks. Second, the pre-service teachers were able to gain confidence after the geological field trip. This reason is interpreted as the fact that they were able to gain confidence in geological exploration by exploring and experiencing the sites of the Geopark for each group.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.649-658
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop geological field sites for open ended education and inquiry learning, and to find the influence of field study on the affective domain in science and the achievement. As for the field sites, we used the areas ranging from Chaeseokgang- of Kyeokpo, in Buan, to around Bangsanje from Naejang-dong in Jeongeup to Ssangchi-myun in Sunchang-kun, Jeolla North Province. The affective domain in science is composed of three parts-cognition of science, interests toward science, and the scientific attitudes. to evaluate the stage of the achievement, we used questionnaire composed by 25 items. While the control group does not show any change in three parts of the affective domain, the experimental group shows positive changes, from 2.44 to 2.37 (cognition of science), from 3.15 to 3.08 (interests toward science), and from 2.91 to 2.74 (scientific attitudes) on Likert Scale. Also the score arranged by the analysis of covariate shows that the experimental group is more positive than the control group by 0.12 point in cognition of science, by 0.15 point in interests toward science, and by 0.23 point in scientific attitudes. In terms of the stage of achievement, the score of the experimental group, which is arranged by analysis of covariate, is 7.68 higher than that of the control group, on maximum of 100.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.429-453
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• 2022

Numerical modeling and scenario composition are needed to characterize the geological environment of the disposal site and analyze the long-term evolution of natural barriers. In this study, processes and features of the hydro-mechanical behavior of natural barriers were categorized and represented using the interrelation matrix proposed by SKB and Posiva. A hydro-mechanical coupled model was evaluated for analyzing stress field changes and fracture zone re-activation. The processes corresponding to long-term evolution and the hydro-mechanical mechanisms that may accompany critical processes were identified. Consequently, practical numerical methods could be considered for these geological engineering issues. A case study using a numerical method for the stability analysis of an underground disposal system was performed. Critical stress distribution regime problems were analyzed numerically by considering the strata's movement. Another case focused on the equivalent continuum domain composition under the upscaling process in fractured rocks. Numerical methods and case studies were reviewed, confirming that an appropriate and optimized modeling technique is essential for studying the stress state and geological history of the Korean Peninsula. Considering the environments of potential disposal sites in Korea, selecting the optimal application method that effectively simulates fractured rocks should be prioritized.