• 교육시설
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2008

In general, It is known that there are important concepts related with organization space of the elementary school in Japan. They are correspondence to various educational method, consideration of children's activity, consideration about use of the local residents, application of the concepts of house design, and introduction of the ecological concept and technology. But there is little report written concretely how to plan and design for above mentioned concepts and it is realty necessary to investigate about these for the future image of elementary school in Korea. For this purpose, we investigated by analyzing the plan, and the design explanation of the 84 excellent public elementary schools awarded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology from 1988 to 2005 in Japan. As a result, we have found many examples about various spaces, methods and ideas to plan a school that is specialized and fit for a local peculiarity and user(children and local residents). The diversity of educational method and ecological concepts correspond to direction of future's society.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.431-449
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a understanding the philosophical foundation of Parse's and Watson's theory of nursing. Parse's human becoming Research Methodology, Principle and main concepts are based on existential phenomenology. And Watson's theory of human care indicate that the optimal method for studying and inquiring theory of trans-personal caring is phenomenological-existential methodology. The chief theme of this study ist to illuminate how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology are applied to Parse's and watson's theory of nursing. Content of this Study are summarized as follow; 1. Principles, concepts, theoretical structure of Man-Living-Health theory were investigated in Parse's theory of nursing as Human science. 2. Essential assumptions, chief concepts and methodology of human science and human care were investigated in Watson's theory of trans- personal caring. 3. Phenomenological analysis of "Human being" und poetic thinking of truth were described in the context of the Heidegger's fundamental ontology und existential phenomenology. 4. Meaning of existential subjectivity, freedom and choice war interpreted according to Sartre's existential philosophy 5. Phenomenological analysis of perception und function of body were investigated in the context of Merleauponty's existential phenomenology. 6. Ultimately this study provided how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology war applied to Parse's und Watson's nursing theory und methodology.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.429-441
• /
• 2004

이 연구에서는 6차와 7차 교육과정에서 개발한 중 고등학교 과학 교과서에 제시된 증발과 끓음의 설명과 관련된 개념들을 분석하였다. 교과서의 설명 유형은 중학교과 고등학교, 6차와 7차 교육과정, 그리고 과목이나 단원에 따라 구분하여 설명의 다양성을 확인해 보고, 설명에 사용된 개념간의 관계를 표현한 맵을 중심으로 특징을 비교하였다. 증발과 끓음에 관련된 설명의 차이는 주로 중학교과 고등학교 사이, 그리고 화학과 지구과학 분야 사이에서 발견되었다. 증발과 끓음 현상을 설명하기 위한 주요 개념들 사이의 관련성은 부족산 것으로 나타났다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.145-160
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between children's self-concepts and (1) types of functional family systems. (2) family cohesion and adaptability levels, and (3) the satisfaction of children with their current family systems. The subjects of this study were 347 middle S. E. S. children (168 boys, 179 girls) in grade 6. Analysis of functional family systems was by The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III(1985) of the Circuplex Model (Olson et al., 1979). The Self-concept Inventory (Lim Jae Leun, 1987) was used to assess children's self-concepts. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ and Pearson correlation. It was found that there were no differences in children's self-concepts by types of functional systems. There were differences in children's self-concepts by family cohesion and adaptability levels. That is, the higher the level of cohesion and adaptability the more positive the child's self-concept. The more the child was satisfied with his/her current family system, the more positive the child's self-concept. Children whose family systems were at a high level of family cohesion and adaptability were more satisfied with their current family systems.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.199-214
• /
• 2012

확률과 통계에서 사건의 독립 개념은 중요하고 유용한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 중등 학교에서의 사건의 독립에 대하여 조사하고, 사건의 독립과 관련된 수학 개념을 어느 정도 알고 있는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 학생들은 사건의 독립과 관련된 하위 개념에 대한 이해가 부족하고, 사건의 독립과 관련된 개념들 간의 연결이 부분적으로 나타나 하위 개념과 상위 개념들 간의 연결이 잘 이루어 질 수 있도록 지도가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.1969-1976
• /
• 2003

In the early phases of the product life cycle, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is recently used to support the decision-making for the product concepts, and the best alternative can be selected based on its estimated LCA and benefits. Both the lack of detailed information and time for a full LCA for a various range of design concepts need a new approach for the environmental analysis. This paper explores a new approximate LCA methodology for the product concepts by grouping products according to their environmental characteristics and by mapping product attributes into environmental impact driver (EID) index. The relationship is statistically verified by exploring the correlation between total impact indicator and energy impact category. Then, a neural network approach is developed to predict an approximate LCA of grouping products in conceptual design. Trained learning algorithms for the known characteristics of existing products will quickly give the result of LCA for newly designed products. The training is generalized by using product attributes for an EID in a group as well as another product attributes for the other EIDs in other groups. The neural network model with back propagation algorithm is used, and the results are compared with those of multiple regression analysis. The proposed approach does not replace the full LCA but it would give some useful guidelines for the design of environmentally conscious products in conceptual design phase.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to better understand the effect of the classroom literacy environment on the young children's vocabulary abilities, and the concepts of print matter. The subjects consisted of 276 children aged 3 to 5 enrolled in 93 classrooms in child-care centers and kindergartens. The Early Language & Literacy Classroom Observation Pre-K (Smith, Brady, & Anastasopoulos, 2008), the Picture Vocabulary Test (Kim, Jang, Yim, & Bae, 1995) and the Concepts About Print (Kim & Kim, 2004) were used for the purposes of this study. The data collected were analyzed by means of ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results indicated that the vocabulary abilities and print-concepts of children aged 3-5 were more likely to increase when a rich classroom environment was provided for the children's literacy development. In particular, it was found to be important for children's language and Literacy development to provide them with an enriched 'language environment' within the classroom, the quality of 'books and book reading', and the active utilization of 'print and early writing' all being important elements of this.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 1995

In the last years there has been growing interest in concepts of positive dependence for families of random variables such that concepts are considerable us in deriving inequalities in probability and statistics. Lehman introdued various concepts of positive dependence for bivariate random variables. A much stronger notions of positive dependence were later considered by Esary, Proschan, and Walkup. Ahmed et al and Ebrahimi and Ghosh also obtained multivariate versions of various bivariate positive dependence as descrived by Lehman. See also Block al. Glaz and Johnson an Barlow and Proschan and the references there. Multivariate processes arise when instead of observing a single process we observe several processes, say $X_19t), \cdots, X_n(t)$ simultaneously. For example, in an engineering context we may want to study the simultaneous variation of current and voltage, or temperature, pressure and volume over time. In economics we may be interested in studying inflation rates and money supply, unemployment and interest rates. We could of course, study each quantity on its own and treat each as a separate univariate process. Although this would give us some information about each quantity it could never give information about the interrelationship between various quantities. This leads us to introduce some concepts of positive and for multivariate stochastic processes. The concepts of positive dependence have subsequently been extended to stochastic processes in different directions by many authors.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 1991

The purpose of study I was to investigate developmental processes and sex differences in the acquisition of topological seriation and Euclidean horizontal/vertical concepts. The purpose of Study II was to investigate the effects of basic geometric activity on the acquisition of space concepts. The subjects of Study I were 164 five- and six-year-old children. The children were grouped by age in 6 month units. The subjects of Study II were 45 children who showed immature space concepts. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ posthoc test, and paired comparison t-test. On Study I, significant differences were found among the age groups in each of the dependent variables. Sex differences were found on all tasks except cued Euclidean tasks. In Study II, basic geometric activity of 3 weeks duration was found to be effective in the acquisition of the horizontal/vertical concepts in children whose space concept had been immature.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.311-335
• /
• 2008

정의의 정확한 이해, 수학개념의 이해, 정리나 공식의 이해와 활용에 대해 이해력의 수준을 알아보기 위해 학생들에게 이들에 관한 문제를 이용한 검사를 하고 수학의 기본개념과 내용에 대한 이해를 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 방법을 정리하면, 1) 검사에 이용된 문제가 정확히 이해도를 측정했는지 깊이 있는 연구가 필요하며, 2) 정의, 공식, 정리의 이해와 활용에 예나 반례를 보이고 조건이 빠지면 변화되는 상황에 대한 설명이 더 체계적이어야 이해의 폭을 넓힐 수 있으며, 3) 새로운 내용이 도입될 경우 기본개념의 중요성을 그 때마다 강조하고 반복 제시를 통해 확실한 이해에 도달하도록 하며, 4) 이해도 측정을 위한 좋은 문제 개발에 노력을 기울이고 대학수학 문제 개발에 수학지도 교수의 관심을 필요로 하며, 5) 학습지도에서 이들 문제를 이용하는 것이 도움을 줄 것이다.