• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In this study, acute oral toxicity test of pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts was conducted in order to up-cycling to a high value-added industry using by-products discarded in the production process of Schisandra chinensis products and active ingredients such as dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Methods : Pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts were orally administered to SD-rats(female, n=3) without a control group according to the 'OECD guidelines'. After, mortality and clinical signs were observed, and the deceased animals were subjected to an autopsy. In addition, acute oral toxicity test was sequentially performed in step I (300 mg/kg), step II(300 mg/kg), step III(2,000 mg/kg), and step IV(2,000 mg/kg) according to the mortality. Results : There were no abnormalities caused by pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts in step I and step II. However, one animal each died in step III and step IV. In addition, clinical signs(salivation, decrease in food intake, prone position, decrease of locomotor activity, loss of locomotor activity, convulsion, hypothermia, lacrimation, staining around mouth, soiled perineal region, reddish urine, chromaturia, decrease of fecal volume, lying on side, blackish stool, no stool, compound-colored stool, refusal to feed, excitement, hypersensitivity, rigidity, dorsal position, etc.) were observed. But, no clinical signs were observed from 5th day, and experiment animals recovered completely. Conclusions : As a result of this study, pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts may exhibit acute toxicity at concentrations of 2,000 to 5,000 mg/kg, and the GHS classification was designated as 'Category 5'.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.253-256
• /
• 2009

The aim of the present study was to determine the acute and subacute potential of trichlorfon in guppies (Poecilia reticulatus). We first defined the 24 h median tolerance limit ($TLm_{24h}$) of the fish to trichlorfon. Guppies were then treated with $TLm_{24h}$ and 1/10 $TLm_{24h}$ trichlorfon concentrations to evaluate if any histological alterations occurred. The $TLm_{24h}$ value of trichlorfon was 11 ppm. This concentration resulted in acute toxicity to the gills and kidneys with edema, hyperplasia of the gill lamellae, and vacuolated degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular cells. In the case of subacute toxicity using a 10-fold dilution of the $TLm_{24h}$ value (1.1 ppm), no behavioral changes, external lesions or histopathological changes were observed. Therefore, safe concentration of trichlorfon might be 1.1 ppm in guppy for controlling parasitic infections.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.5-7
• /
• 1989

The objective of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of ginseng on acetaldehyde-induced acute toxicity in mice . Compared to the control group, treatment with acetaldehyde inhibited the hepatic cytosolic xanthine oxidise activity with increase in dose. The inhibition of enzyme activity was not changed after dialysis. Pretreatment with ginseng butanol fraction prevented the inhibition of enzyme activity by acetaldehyde. In conjunction with the our previous results (Yakhak Hoeji, 29, 18 (1985)), these results suggest that the most likely mechanism for the observed preventive effects of ginseng against the acetaldehyde-induced acute toxicity may be the decrease hepatic acetaldehyde level.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2010

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Cheongsimyeonja-tang. Fifty five male and female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Cheongsimyeonja-tang at the respective doses of 0 (control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. In animals administered with Cheongsimyeonja-tang, there were nither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign and autopsy. 4. Conclusion: The data confirmed that Cheongsimyeonja-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in treated groups. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) value for mice was more than 5000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. It suggest that Cheongsimyeonja-tang in mice is considered to be safe.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2001

The current study was performed to determine the acute oral toxicity of a crude extract of sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus), in SD rats. 5 rats of each sex were orally treated with a single dose of extract of sanghwang mushroom at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg, respectively. After the treatment, clinical signs and body weight change, the food and water consumption were observed for 14 days. All animals survived during the study and did not show any clinical signs. Body weight gain showed no significant difference between the control and treated rats. However, body weight gain delayed in high dose group (2,000 mg/kg) on day 1~3 after administration. Another 5 rats of each sex were orally treated with a single dose of extract of sanghwang mushroom at dosages 4,000, 5,000 mg/kg respectively, but all animals survived during the study and did not show any clinical signs. It is suggested that LD$_{50}$ of extract of sanghwang mushroom by oral administration was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/kg in both sexes of rats.s.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.330-333
• /
• 1996

Acute intravenous toxicities of rHu-EPO (recombinant human erythropoietin) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven days after administration of rHu-EPO, we examined the clinical signs, mortalities, body weight and etc. No clinical signs and mortalities of toxicity were observed in animals. Also, a significant change of body weights was not observed. These results suggest that LD$_{50}$ value was >25,000 unit/ kg in Sprague-Dawley rats and the acute intravenous toxicities of rHu-EPO were not significant.t.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2005

본 연구를 통한 결론은 다음과 같다. 5개의 염색폐수배출업소에서 각각 3회씩 채취한 최종 방류수를 대상으로 한 생물독성시험 결과 미생물독성시험에서는 B시료와 E시료에서 독성이 관찰되었고 급성 물벼룩시험에서는 반수치사농도가 C시료에서만 관찰되어 염색폐수의 독성이 시험 생물종별로 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 제시하였다. 동일 생물종을 대상으로 실시한 급성 및 만성시험에서는 급성반수치사가 5개 방류수 중 C시료에서만 비교적 낮은 농도에서 관찰이 된 것에 비해 만성반수치사는 3개 방류수에서 나타났고 $EC_{50}$도 급성영향의 $1/2\~1/5$ 수준에서 결정되었다. 특히 만성노출에 의한 생식 및 성장에 미치는 영향은 치사에 미치는 영향농도보다 더 낮은 농도에서 나타나는 경향을 보이고 있다 따라서 방류수가 연속적으로 수계에 배출되는 특성을 고려하면 만성노출에 의한 영향을 평가하는 것이 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 한편 염색폐수의 경우 동일업종 또는 동일한 시료에서도 독성평가방법에 따라 서로 다른 정도의 독성이 관찰되는 등 독성발현이 매우 다양하게 나타났다. 그러므로 염색폐수가 수중생태계에 미치는 영향을 정확하게 파악하고 제어하기 위해서는 물고기나 조류 등 다른 영양단계에 있는 생물종에 미치는 영향 등의 연구가 요구된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Palmul-tang(Bawu-tang) has been traditionally prescribed a medicine as a restorative. Methods : In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity about water-extracted PalMul-tang(Bawu-tang). Twenty-five mice completed 14 days of oral Palmul-tang(Bawu-tang) at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000mg/kg. Results : We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight, and autopsy. Conclusions : To be confirmed the data for the toxicity and safety problems of oriental medicine prescription. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Palmul-tang(Bawu-tang) was over 5000mg/kg and it is very safe to ICR mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.1192-1195
• /
• 2008

Sipjeondaebo-tang has been traditionally prescribed a medicine as a restorative. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity about water-extracted Sipjeondaebo-tang. Thirty rats completed 14 days of oral Sipjeondaebo-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. To be confirmed the data for the toxicity and safety problems of oriental medicine prescription. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (2000 and 5000 mg/kg). LD50 of Sipjeondaebo-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to SD rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was aimed to examine the acute toxicity assessment of two new algicides, thiazolidinediones derivatives (TD53 and TD49), which were synthesized to selectively control red tide, to the marine ecosystem. Methods : The assessment employed by a new method using Ulva pertusa Kjellman which has been recently accepted as a standard method of ISO. The toxicity was assessed by calculating the $EC_{50}$ (Effective Concentration of 50%), NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) using acute toxicity data obtained from exposure experiments. $EC_{50}$ value of TD49 and TD53 was examined by 96-hrs exposure together with Solutol as a TD49 dispersing agent and DMSO as a TD53 solvent. Results : $EC_{50}$ value of TD53 was $1.65\;{\mu}M$. From the results, values of NOEC and PNEC were calculated to be $0.63\;{\mu}M$ and 1.65 nM, respectively. DMSO under the range of $0{\sim}10\;{\mu}M$, which is same solvent concentration used in examining TD53, showed no toxic effect. $EC_{50}$ value of TD49 was $0.18\;{\mu}M$ and that of Solutol was $1.70\;{\mu}M$. NOEC and PNEC of TD49 were $0.08\;{\mu}M$ and 0.18 nM, respectively and those for Solutol were $1.25\;{\mu}M$ and 1.25 nM, respectively. Conclusions : From the values of NOEC, PNEC of TD53 and TD49, TD49 showed 9 times stronger toxicity than TD53. On the other hand, DMSO showed no toxicity on the Ulva pertusa Kjellman, but Solutol was found to be a considerable toxicity by itself.