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Chronic Toxicities of Effluents from Dye Industry using Daphnia magna  

Kim Younghee (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Lee Minjung (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Eo Soomi (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
Yoo Namjong (Ilshin Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd)
Lee Hongkeun (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Choi Kyungho (Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Environmental Biology / v.23, no.2, 2005 , pp. 146-151 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recent studies indicated the utility of whole effluent assessment as a measure to control discharge of toxic effluents to receiving water in Korea. However, most studies have been focussed on acute lethal effects of toxic wastewater with little consideration of chronic sublethal impacts which are of growing concern in protecting aquatic ecosystem. We conducted acute and chronic toxicity tests with effluents discharged from five different dyeing plants in Gyeong-gi province using a marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and a freshwater macroinvertebrate Daphnia magna to demonstrate the importance of assessing chronic sublethal effects. Various levels of acute and chronic toxicities were observed in many samples tested in this study. In 21-d chronic toxicity tests using D. magna all samples showed effects on reproduction and growth. Notable mortalities were also noted in three out of five effluents. The result of the Microtox assay indicated that acute microbial toxicity existed in effluents from two out of five plants and acute daphnid toxicity was observed in only one effluent. The result of this study clearly suggests chronic toxicity tests are more suitable to assess biological effects of effluents because it was shown from this study that even an effluent with no acute toxicity could cause chronically lethal and/or sublethal adverse effects on aquatic biota which may affect the population dynamics in aquatic ecosystem.
Keywords
chronic toxicity; Daphnia magna; Microtox; whole effluent toxicity; dye industries;
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