• 생약학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2012

Siegesbeckia Herba is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of Siegesbeckia Herba against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Siegesbeckia Herba 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions have the potent neroprotective effects on glutamate-induced nerotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Especially, ethyl acetate fraction showed higher protective effect. In HT22 cell, Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction makes the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Further, we found that treatment with c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction induced HO-1 expression and Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction also increased JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract of Siegesbeckia Herba significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 and JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. Taken together these finding suggest that Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential therapeutic for brain disorder by targeting the oxidative stress of neuronal cell.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.849-853
• /
• 2002

Metal ions have an adverse effect on anaerobic digestion. In an acetate degradation test of upflow of anaerobic sludge blanket granules with $Cu^{2+}$, not all of the acetate that disappeared was stoichiometrically converted to methane. In the presence of 400 mg/g-VSS (volatile suspended solids) $Cu^{2+}$, only 26% of the acetate consumed was converted to methane. To study acetate conversion by other anaerobic microorganisms, sulfate and nitrate reductions were investigated in the presence of $Cu^{2+}$ Sulfate and nitrate reductions exhibited more resistance to $Cu^{2+}$than methanogenesis, and the granules reduced 2.2 mM and 5.4 mM of nitrate and sulfate, respectively, in the presence of 400 mg/g-VSS copper ion. However, the acetate degraded by sulfate and nitrate reductions was only 24% of the missing acetate that could have been stoichiometrically converted to $CO_2$. Accordingly, 76% of the acetate consumed appeared to have been converted to other unknown compounds.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1268-1272
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 천년초 손바닥 선인장 유기용매 추출물의 항균성을 비교, 검토하고자 하였다. 70% ethanol로 추출하여 hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol, water로 순차 분획하여 ascorbic acid, benzoic acid와 항균효과를 비교하여 보았다. Escherichia coli 등 Gram positive bacteria 2종, Gram negative bacteria 2종, yeast 1종 등 총 6개의 병원성 식중독 미생물에 대해 항균효과를 검토한 결과 ethyl acetate 분획물이 가장 우수한 항균효과를 나타내었고 이는 동량의 benzoic acid보다 월등히 우수하였다. Gram positive bacteria와 Gram negative bacteria에 대해 유의적 차이가 없는 비슷한 항균효과를 보여주었으나 bacteria에 비해 yeast에서 항균효과는 낮게 나타났다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2000

항암제로 사용되어 온 아위를 사용하여 극성에 따른 용매추출 분획을 얻고 TPA로 처리된 HL-60 세포를 사용하여 기질부착 억제실험을 수행한 결과, ethyl acetate (EA) 층에서 가장 강한 부착억제효과가 있음을 알아 내었기에 ethyl acetate (EA)층을 다시 ethyl acetate (EA), hexane (HEX), ethyl ether (EE)로 추출한 뒤 3회 chromatography하여 아위 순수활성물질인 asadisulphide를 분리해 내었다. 이 순수활성물질을 가지고 HL-60 암세포에 대한 부착 억제실험을 수행한 결과 asadisulphide는 최소농도 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml에서 HL-60 세포의 부착을 98%억제하였다. 또한 assdisulphide는 HL-60 세포에 대해 ED$_{50}$값은 2.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml이었으며, 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도 이하에서 세포독성이 없고 항암효과가 있다는 사실을 규명하였다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2018

Methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) root was investigated to research the anti-oxidative activity, by using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The methanol extract of this plant showed significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract that showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was tested on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. Furthermore, in order to see if regulation of stress-response genes is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of the ethyl acetate fraction treated C. elegans, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. miltiorrhiza root increased the catalase and SOD activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the non-treated ones.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 굴피나무 수피 추출물의 항산화, 미백 및 주름생성억제에 관한 효과를 측정하였다. 추출물의 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성($FSC_{50}$)은 50% 에탄올 추출물($6.75{\mu}g/mL$) < 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획(6.62) < ethyl acetate 분획(4.15) 순으로 증가하였다. Luminol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ 계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 총항산화능은 ethyl acetate 분획($OSC_{50}$, $0.56{\mu}g/mL$) < 50% 에탄올 추출물(0.02) < 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획(0.01) 순으로 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 굴피나무 추출물에 대하여 rose-bengal로 증감된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈에 대한 보호효과를 조사하였다. 50% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 농도 의존적($1{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$)으로 광용혈을 억제하였다. 특히 ethyl acetate 분획은 $10{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 ${\tau}_{50}$이 717.27 min으로 매우 큰 세포보호 활성을 나타내었다. 미백 및 주름억제 효과측정으로는 각각 tyrosinase와 elastase의 활성 저해 효과를 측정하였다. Tyrosinase의 활성 저해 효과($IC_{50}$)는 50% 에탄올 추출물 ($243.98{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate 분획(153.87) < 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획(137.53) 순으로 나타났고, elastase의 활성 저해 효과($IC_{50}$)도 50% 에탄올 추출물($31.01{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate 분획(14.42) < 당을 제거시킨 aglycone 분획(1.48) 순으로, aglycone 분획이 매우 큰 활성 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 굴피나무 추출물 중 ethyl acetate 분획을 함유하는 크림을 제조하고, 이를 피부에 도포한 후, 피부 수분 보유량, 경표피 수분 손실량 그리고 미백효과를 측정하였다. 추출물 함유 크림은 대조군(placebo)보다 수분 보유량을 $2{\sim}8%$ 증가시켰고, 경표피 수분 손실량은 감소시켰다. 또한 추출물 함유 크림은 대조군에 비해 멜라닌 생성을 9.55% 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과들은 굴피나무 추출물이 항산화 활성과 더불어 ROS에 대항하여 세포막을 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 항산화제로서 작용할 수 있음을 가리키며, tyrosinase 및 elastase의 활성 저해 효과와 이를 통한 인체 시험의 결과로부터 미백 기능성 화장품 원료로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.187-204
• /
• 1988

The present experiment was performed to investigate the acute and subacute effect of lead acetate on ultrastructural and biochemical changes in mouse diencephalon. In acute case, mouse were peritoneally injected with lead acetate at a dose of 0.26 mmole/kg body weight, and after treatment, mouse were sacrificed at time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours. In subacute case, mouse were injected at doses of 0.07 mmoie/kg B. W. and 0.13 mmole/kg B.W. once at two days, and after treatment, mouse wee sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks. It was observed that after acute treatment, changes composed of increased monoamine oxidase activity, $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity, decreased $Mg^{2+}$-APTase activity, wrinkled myelin, swollen Golgi apparatus and more dense synaptic vesicle in nerve terminal. After subacute treatment, decreased monoamine oxidase activity, increased $Mg^{2+}$-ATPase, $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase, lose of myelin, uneven mitochondrial distribution, synaptic vesicular density and edema, but at a higher dose the effect was more severe. Therefore, lead acetate caused abnormal change of diencephalon, and at a subacute, it appears metal accumulative toxicity.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.1151-1156
• /
• 2014

The photocatalytic decomposition characteristics of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and n-pentane mixed with ethyl acetate (EA) by cylindrical UV reactor installed with $TiO_2$-coated perforated plane were studied. The effects of the residence time, the inlet gas concentration, and the oxygen concentration were investigated. The removal efficiency of n-pentane was increased with increasing the residence time and the oxygen concentration, but decreased with increasing the inlet concentration of n-pentane. The photocatalytic decomposition rates of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with MEK, and n-pentane mixed with EA fitted well on Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation. The maximum elimination capacities of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with MEK, and n-pentane mixed with EA were obtained to be $465g/m^3{\cdot}day$, $217g/m^3{\cdot}day$, and $320g/m^3{\cdot}day$, respectively. The presence of coexisting MEK and EA vapor had a negative effect on the photocatalytic decomposition of n-pentane and the negative effect of MEK was higher than that of EA.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2012

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Paeoniae Radix. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. However, in NO scavenging ability, the chloroform fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against RAW 264.7 cell, the extract and fractions were exhibited normal LDH release level as nontoxic result without the ehtyl acetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory related fields, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2003

송이의 공시균(KFR1432)과 실험실에서 자체 분리한 균(YxT, WxT, $\textrm{NK}_3\textrm{T}$)의 생장속도의 차이와 FE SEM으로 확인한 미세구조의 차이로 공시균과 자체 분리균이 서로 다른 균임을 확인할 수 있었다. Tyrosinase 활성 억제 실험을 위해 각각 균사체의 열수 추출물, 에탄올 추출물, 배양액을 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate로 분획하였다. 그 결과 모든 균의 ethyl acetate 분획층과 수층에서 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, KFR1432의 ethyl acetate 분획층과 YxT의 수층에서 억제율이 100%를 넘어 큰 저해 활성을 보였다. 또한 항산화제 처리 결과 ascorbic acid와 glutathion은 생장을 다소 증가시키거나 별 영향을 주지 못한 반면, tocopherol 의 경우 농도가 높아질수록 생장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. Tyrosinase 활성 억제에 있어서는 모든 항산화제 처리구에서 무처리구에 비해 높은 억제율을 보였다.