• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1472-1479
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• 2018

본 연구는 지속적인 곡예 운동이 여자 체조, 프리스타일 스키어 및 피겨 스케이터 선수의 동적자세 유지 능력에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 피험자는 운동경력이 4-6년 된 운동선수로서 체조선수 7명, 프리스타일 스키어 선수8명, 피겨 스케이터 7명과 일반 여학생 10명을 통제집단으로 분류하였다. 동적자세의 운동능력을 비교하고자 뉴로컴사의 동적자세측정기를 이용하여 6가지 각 조건에 맞는 이른바, 시각계, 전정계 및 체성감각계가 동원되는 상황을 연출하면서 실험에 임하였다. 자료처리는 일원변량분석을 실시하였고, 사후검증으로는 집단 간의 차이를 보고자 Scheffe로 하였고, 통계학적 유의수준은 .05로 하였다. 연구결과 운동집단 간에는 조건 5에서 프리스타일 선수와 체조선수 간의 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 운동선수 집단과 일반인 여학생 간에는 조건 2, 3, 4, 5, 6에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 지속적인 곡예 운동은 평형기관계를 자극하여 동적자세 조절의 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate PNF exercises for balance ability in elderly. Methods: This is a literature study with books and articles. Results: The balance ability in elderly is reduced by decreasing proprioception, visual and vestibular sensation. PNF exercise is highly efficient for functional activities to control posture and movement. It is also highly efficient for balance ability in elderly. This is considered effective exercise program for maintain and to promote balance ability in elderly. Conclusion: PNF exercise is highly efficient for functional activities to control posture and movement. In addition, it is also efficient for balancing posture and movement in cooperation with visual information and vestibular system. This exercise is considered to be effective exercise program to maintain posture and improve balance ability.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1974

미로(迷路) 각반규관(各半規管)과 각외안근간(各外眼筋間)의 기능적(機能的) 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하여 미로반사성(迷路反射性) 안구운동(眼球運動)을 위한 신경기구(神經機構)를 이해하고져 마취가토(麻醉家兎)에서 골성(骨性) 반규관(半規管) 팽대부내(膨大部內)에 단전극(單電極)을 삽입하여 각(各) 팽대부신경(膨大部神經)을 전기자극(電氣刺戟)하였을 때 양안(兩眼)의 각(各) 외안근(外眼筋)의 반응(反應)을 등장성장력변화(等長性張力變化)와 근전도(筋電圖)로써 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)에서 한 반규관신경을 자극하면 양안(兩眼)에서 각각(各各) 3개의 안근(眼筋)은 흥분(興奮)하여 수축(收縮)하고 여기에 대(對)한 3개의 길항근(拮抗筋)은 억제(抑制)되어 이완(弛緩)하였다. 2) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)의 어느 반규관신경을 자극하거나 동측안(同側眼)에서는 상직근(上直筋), 상사근(上斜筋) 및 내직근(內直筋)이 흥분(興奮)(수축(收縮))하고, 하직근(下直筋), 하사근(下斜筋) 및 외직근(外直筋)은 억제(抑制)(이완(弛緩))되었다. 반대측(反對側) 근(筋)에서는 하직근(下直筋), 하사근(下斜筋) 및 외직근(外直筋)이 흥분(興奮)하고 상직근(上直筋), 상사근(上斜筋) 및 내직근(內直筋)은 억제(抑制)되었다. 3) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)의 3개 반규관자극을 중복(重複)시켰을 때는 한 안근(眼筋)이나 각안근(各眼筋) 길항근대(拮抗筋對)에 각반규관신경(各半規官神經)의 자극효과(刺戟效果)가 중첩(重疊)됨을 증명(證明)할 수 있었다. 4) 이상(以上)의 실험적 근거를 토대로 하여 각반규관(各半規官)과 각외안근(各外眼筋)의 기능적(機能的) 관계(關係)를 규정(規定)하는 법칙성(法則性)을 찾을 수 있었다. 즉(卽) ‘상직근(上直筋), 내직근(內直筋) 및 상사근(上斜筋)은 동측(同側) 미로(迷路) 반규관(半規管)으로부터 흥분적(興奮的) 충격(衝擊)을 받고 반대측(反對側) 반규관(半規管)들로부터는 억제적(抑制的) 충격(衝擊)을 받으며, 하직근(下直筋), 외직근(外直筋) 및 하사근(下斜筋)을 위하여는 이와 정반대(正反對)의 관계(關係)가 성립(成立)한다. 5) 본(本) 실험성적(實驗性績)을 Cohen 등(等)의 가묘(家猫)에서의 연구보고(硏究報告)와 비교하건데 사근(斜筋)에 대(對)한 반규관사배(半規管司配)는 동일(同一)하나, 내(內) 및 외직근(外直筋)과 상(上) 및 하직근(下直筋)에 대(對)한 반규관사배(半規管司配)는 일부(一部) 상이(相異)하였다. Cohen 등(等)의 성적을 분석(分析)하여 본 결과 이론적(理論的) 모순(矛盾)이 있음을 보았고 안근(眼筋)의 각(各) 길항근(拮抗筋)에 대한 반규관사배(半規管司配)의 양식(樣式)에 있어 일정(一定)한 법칙성(法則性)을 찾을수 없었으며 그들의 관찰에는 실험적(實驗的) 오류(誤謬)를 포함하고 있음을 증명(證明)하였다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

Various electrophysiological tests have provided a large body of valuable information on neuronal responses to a presented stimulus. The special and general somatic sensory pathways are main targets of evoked potentials. Two types of evoked potentials, exogenous and endogenous, are commonly used. Exogenous evoked potentials of general and special somatic sensory systems will be reviewed. One of general somatic sensory functional pathways, proprioception, can be evaluated by general somatosensory evoked potentials with electrical stimulation on nerves. The special somatosensory functional pathways, including vision, and audition, can be evaluated by visual evoked potentials and auditory evoked potentials. Also laser-evoked potentials are newly developed for pain pathway, including lateral spinothalamic pathway, and vestibular myogenic evoked potentials for sacculocollic pathways. The evoked potentials of sensory system have maximal clinical utility in evaluating functional deficits along the sensory pathways. They are used for evaluating comatose patients, hysterical patients, premature infants, patients with suspected demyelinating diseases or neoplasms, and research. We discuss the neurophysiologic tests of sensory systems in views of practical points. The organized evaluation of sensory electrophysiologic tests can be helpful in detecting and estimating the abnormalities in neurological diseases.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2015

Future Ground Control Stations (GCSs) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) teleoperation targets better situational awareness by providing extra motion cues to stimulate the vestibular system. This paper proposes a new virtual environment for long range Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control via Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) communications, which is based on motion platforms. It generates motion cues for the teleoperator for extra sensory stimulation to enhance the guidance performance. The proposed environment employs the distributed component simulation over GSM network as a simulation platform. GSM communications are utilized as a multi-hop communication network, which is similar to global satellite communications. It considers a UAV mathematical model and wind turbulence effects to simulate a realistic UAV dynamics. Moreover, the proposed virtual environment simulates a Multiple Axis Rotating Device (MARD) as Human Machine Interface (HMI) device to provide a complete delay analysis. The demonstrated measurements cover Graphical User Interface (GUI) capabilities, NLoS GSM communications delay, MARD performance, and different software workload. The proposed virtual environment succeeded to provide visual and vestibular feedbacks for teleoperators via GSM networks. The overall system performance is acceptable relative to other Line-of-Sight (LoS) systems, which promises a good potential for future long range, medium altitude UAV teleoperation researches.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find correct head and neck patterns, manual contact. verbal commands with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Method : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and book for PNF international course. Result : Keep the information of the biomechanics and neural science in head and neck patterns and emphasize that manual contact, verbal commands and visual stimulus. Manual contacting for movement guide and stability of the $C_0/C_1$ verbal command and visual stimulus for correcting of the $C_0/C_1$ movements. Conclusion : In reminder for PNF learning, begin with head and neck and upper trunk patterns. In that time, Knott and Voss(1968) had not enough information about biomechanic movement components and neural science movement components. But Knott and Voss(1968) emphasized that head and neck patterns relate with trunk, upper extremities and lower extremities directly. Alar ligaments are relaxed with the head in neutral and taut in flexion. Axial rotation of the head and neck tightens both alar ligaments. The right upper and left lower portions of the alar ligament limit left lateral flexion of the head and neck. Therefore, head and neck patterns has to be modify. When head moving, eye and vestibular stimulus will be change. During head and neck patterns, must be consider about stimulus of eye system and vestibular system also.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to ascertain differences of the sensory system, central processing system, effector system, and balance ability according to general characteristics (sex, fall experience, and age), and to identify the contributions of the sensory, central processing, and effector system to balance ability in 83 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects were elderly (over 60 years) who live in Wonju City. All subjects participated in six tests (position sense test, visual acuity, vestibular stepping test, Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korea, strength of dorsiflexors, and Berg Balance Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the six tests according to sex showed that vestibular function was significantly better in women than in men. But visual acuity, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability were significantly better in men than in women (p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in position sense, visual acuity, vestibular function, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability between fallers and non-fallers (p>0.05). 3. However, the results of the six tests according to age (group A: 60-69 years, group B: 70-79 years, group C: 80-89 years) showed significant differences in five tests. In the Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, position sense, visual acuity, and cognitive function showed significantly different results between in group A and group C: the strength of the dorsiflexors was significantly different between in group A and group B, and balance ability was significantly different between in group A and group C, and between in group B and group C (p<0.05). 4. Cognitive function and position sense were positively associated with balance ability. Their power of explanation regarding balance ability was 38% (p<0.05). These results suggest that cognitive function and position sense play an important role in balance ability. This would seem to suggest that programs for evaluation or improvement of elderly's balance ability in the elderly should consider cognitive function and position sense.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2011

본 논문은 인체의 일정한 운동을 하는 동안에 시간의 변화에 따른 자세균형을 분석한다. 자세균형은 자세에 움직임 변화를 주어 다중파라미터로 변화 산출 값으로 나타냈다. 이렇게 산출된 값을 분석하여 균형자세 시스템을 구성하였다. 자세의 움직임 변화는 3가지 방법으로 눈을 감고 뜨는 방법, 머리를 앞뒤로 움직이는 방법과 상체 움직임 방법이다. 측정한 다중파라미터의 항목은 시각(Vision), 전정기관(Vestibular), 체성감각(Somatosensory), 중추신경계(CNS)이고, 측정파라미터의 평가는 안정성(Stability)으로 확인하였다. 균형자세 시스템은 이러한 변화에서 발생한 신호를 데이터 획득 장치에서 얻고, 신호를 신호 전달 장치를 통하여 전달하였으며, 데이터 분석을 통하여 자세에 대한 평가로 활용하였다. 궤환 시스템은 획득한 데이터를 재조정하는데 사용하였다. 발생되는 신호는 푸리에변환 하였고, 사용되는 주파수는 0.1Hz, 0.1-0.5Hz, 0.5-1Hz와 1Hz 이상을 사용하였다. 본연구의 결과로 시간 변화에서 운동부하를 부여함에 따라 인체의 자세변화에 따라 발생된 신호를 멀티파라미터 상에서 장시간 변화에 대한 파라미터 간의 변화를 통하여 개별 신체의 자세균형에 검증할 수 있는 시스템이 이루어져야 하며, 이를 통하여 새로운 검증 시스템에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2014

Objective : Facial nerve palsy is a common complication of treatment for vestibular schwannoma (VS), so preserving facial nerve function is important. The preoperative visualization of the course of facial nerve in relation to VS could help prevent injury to the nerve during the surgery. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for preoperative identification of facial nerve. Methods : We prospectively collected data from 11 patients with VS, who underwent preoperative DTT for facial nerve. Imaging results were correlated with intraoperative findings. Postoperative DTT was performed at postoperative 3 month. Facial nerve function was clinically evaluated according to the House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading system. Results : Facial nerve courses on preoperative tractography were entirely correlated with intraoperative findings in all patients. Facial nerve was located on the anterior of the tumor surface in 5 cases, on anteroinferior in 3 cases, on anterosuperior in 2 cases, and on posteroinferior in 1 case. In postoperative facial nerve tractography, preservation of facial nerve was confirmed in all patients. No patient had severe facial paralysis at postoperative one year. Conclusion : This study shows that DTT for preoperative identification of facial nerve in VS surgery could be a very accurate and useful radiological method and could help to improve facial nerve preservation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2464-2467
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectives of a virtual bicycle system in improving the ability of equilibrium sense of normal healthy adults. Experiments were performed to find the factors related to the training of equilibrium sense. The subjects consisted of young and elderly people and the group of young people was compared against the group of elderly people. We investigated three different running modes of virtual bicycle system with two successive sets in total. W measured the parameters related to the running time, the velocity, the weight movement, the degree of the deviation from the road, and the location of the center of pressure (COP). The results showed that the running capability of the elderly became much better after repeated training. In addition, it was found out that the ability to control postural balance and the capability of equilibrium sensory were improved with the presentation of the visual feedback information of the distribution of weight. We also found that the running time and the running velocity reduced when there was no visual feedback information. From the results, our newly developed bicycle system seems to be effective in the diagnosis of equilibrium sense as well as in the improvement of the sense of sight, and vestibular function of the elderly in the field of rehabilitation training.