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Incidence and Clinical Manifestations of Rotaviral Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (신생아중환자실 내 로타바이러스 감염의 발생 및 임상 양상)

  • Baek, Jae-Moon;Kim, Hee-Young;Lee, Jang-Hoon;Choi, Byung-Min;Lee, Jung-Hwa;Lee, Kwang-Chul;Hong, Young-Sook
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and clinical manifestations of rotaviral infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We also investigated whether neonates referred from other hospitals cause outbreaks of rotaviral infections in the NICU. Methods: Neonates diagnosed wit rotaviral infections in the NICU at Korea University Ansan Hospital between January 2002 and December 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of 1,501 neonates admitted to the NICU, the number of rotaviral infections was 94 (6.3%) and the prevalence was 4.9 cases per 1,000-hospital days. Of 223 neonates referred from other hospitals to our NICU, 24 (10.8%) were confirmed to have rotaviral infections at the time of referral. Common symptoms of rotaviral infections were jaundice diarrhea or loose stools, vomiting, fever, apnea, irritability, seizures, and moaning sounds. Necrotizing enterocolitis of stage II or more was diagnosed in 3 premature neonates, accounting for 3.2% of total infected neonates and 6.8% of premature infected patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of symptoms between term and preterm neonates, except for jaundice that is more frequent in premature infants. In time series analysis, the admission of neonates who were born at other hospitals and diagnosed with rotaviral infections were associated 1 month later by increased cases of neonates with rotaviral infections who were born at our hospital, whereas new cases of rotaviral infections among inborn neonates were decreased 2 and 4 months later (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rotaviral infections in NICU were not rare and showed vague symptoms. Three cases (3.2%) were diagnosed with stage II or more necrotizing enterocolitis. The referred neonates with rotaviral infections may induce outbreaks in the NICU, therefore awareness and strict surveillance for rotaviral infections should be performed at the time of referral.

Effect of Fly Ash Fertilizer on Paddy Soil Quality and Rice Growth (비산재로 제조한 비료가 논토양 질과 벼 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Se Jin;Yun, Hyun Soo;Oh, Seung Min;Kim, Sung Chul;Kim, Rog Young;Seo, Yung Ho;Lee, Kee Suk;Ok, Yong Sik;Yang, Jae E.
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.56 no.4
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    • pp.229-234
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    • 2013
  • Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

A study on the Comparison of Cognition of Instruction Teacher and Student-teacher about Role of Industry Vocational Subject Educational Practice Instruction Teacher (공업계열 전문교과 교육 실습 지도 영역에 대한 지도 교사와 교육 실습생의 인식 비교)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Byung-Wook
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.19-36
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    • 2014
  • The purposes of this study are to grasp industry vocational subject student-teachers' instruction area, compare cognitive level of cooperating teacher and student-teachers for the importance of instruction area and secure base data required to develop educational practical area of professional teachers in specialized high school. To achieve this, instruction area of instruction teacher in charge of industry vocational subject pre-teacher education was developed by document consideration and expert verification and differences of importance cognition for the area was compared between educational practice insturction teacher and student-teacher. The results are as the following. First, for the instruction areas that educational practice instruction teachers should teach student-teacher, there are 7 categories, 17 mid-fields and 85 subsections. Especially expert group suggested an opinion that areas of teacher's values and personality formation should be added to pre-teachers. And, they judged that category of school business showed low validity for educational practice instruction teacher's instruction area. Second, educational practice instruction teacher importantly cognized 'class activity', 'student instruction and class management' and 'development of desirable view of education attitude'. On the other hand, they cognized 'development and management of curriculum', 'support on educational activity', 'industrial-educational cooperation and tie with local community' and 'specialty improvement' less importantly. Student-teachers cognized 'class activity', 'student instruction and class management', 'specialty improvement', 'development of desirable view of education attitude' importantly. They cognized 'development and management of curriculum', 'support on educational activity' and 'industrial-educational cooperation and tie with local community' relatively less importantly. Third, both educational practice instruction teachers and student-teachers importantly cognized 'class activity', 'student instruction and class management' and 'development of desirable view of education attitude'. However, student-teachers importantly cognized, but educational practice instruction teachers didn't importantly cognized 'specialty improvement'. Both two group cognized 'development and management of curriculum', 'support on educational activity' and 'industrial-educational cooperation and tie with local community' less importantly.

A Study on the Plan for Creating a Youth Entrepreneurship Education Environment (청소년 기업가정신 교육 환경 조성을 위한 방안 연구)

  • Kang, Kyoung-Kyoon
    • 대한공업교육학회지
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.67-88
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this research was educational needs of experts for revitalizing youth entrepreneurship education and creating effective conditions for such education. The subjects of the survey were chosen 100 teachers who had participated in entrepreneurship-related professional training for teachers were selected and surveyed. A total of 100 questionnaires were collected, of which 92 (92.00%) were used for the analysis. Eight were excluded as they were not properly answered. As for the used survey tool, a total of 8 areas and 30 items were derived from the review of the literature, and the validity of the contents was examined through expert meetings. The data were analyzed using the SPSS (ver. 20.0) statistical program. The analysis was conducted in terms of the required competency level, perceived competency level and educational needs. As for the used analytical methods, first, the averages of the required competency level and perceived competency level were calculated and the education needs were calculated using Borich's formula, and then the averages were compared through paired t-test. The results turned out to be statistically significant (p<.000). The details are as follows: As a result of the calculation of the educational needs the educational needs in all areas turned out to be very high with the average being 4.94 points, which indicates that the teachers strongly feel the need for educational strengthening in relation to entrepreneurship. These results show that all the educational conditions such as entrepreneurship-related curriculum, teacher professionalism, educational environment, educational support and the perception among school community members are insufficient in the current school settings. For the improvement of the current status, the education conditions in the following areas should be improved: the cooperation from school community members including principals, teacher support such as an exclusive responsibility teacher system, the development of an entrepreneurship curriculum, the securing of teacher professionalism through the implementation of the curriculum, teacher training support for the enhancement of their professionalism and the provision of educational environment and facilities. For enhancing the perception of parents and society regarding entrepreneurship, it is necessary to establish the precise concept of entrepreneurship and promote it based on such work.

A Study on Inhabitants Consciousness of Urban Residential Area Scenic Sites - Focused on Historical and Cultural Environment Conservation Area of Seongragwon(Scenic Sites no.35) Area - (도심지 내 명승 주변지역 거주민의 의식 연구 - 명승 제35호 성락원(城樂園) 주변 역사문화환경 보전지역을 중심으로 -)

  • Yeon, Ung;Lee, Won-Ho;Lee, Se-Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.38-47
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

Analysis of Communication of Dental Hygienist in Oral Hygiene Instruction during Scaling (치과위생사의 스케일링시 구강보건교육의 의사소통분석)

  • Kang, Su-Kyung;Bae, Hyun-Sook;Lim, Soon-Ryun
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.546-553
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of communication of dental hygienist in oral hygiene instruction during scaling. The research was intended for 67 dental hygienists who worked dental hospitals and clinics. Oral hygiene instruction during scaling was audiotaped. Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-squared test were conducted. The results gained by the research were as follows. An analysis of 67 dental hygienists has found that 63 dental hygienists (94%) educated the patients with dentiform and 65 of them (97%) did rolling method. Thirty-three of them (49.3%) recommended oral care products to the patients. Only 14 of all educators (21%) said simple greetings and educated importance of care of subjects' teeth, side effect of scaling, when they finished all the scaling stage. The average time of oral hygiene education was 161.3 seconds. In detail, the dental hygienists told 155.0 seconds, the patients did 6.3 seconds on average. The percentage of education time without patients' comments and dialogue each other were 35.8% and 37.3% respectively. The conversation frequency according to the education level of dental hygienist showed significant difference (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between total education time and patients coming for scaling per day and there was a positive correlation between total number of questions and patient talking time. The result of chi-squared test showed that there was significant difference on asking regards depending on setting a limitation of scaling time (p<0.05). The research showed that the dental hygienists seem to educate the patients mechanically, uniformly rather than educate them according to their oral hygiene condition.

Comparison of Learning Effect between Cyber Home Study and Teacher's Lecture in Class - Focusing on the Unit of 'Consumer Life for Youth' in Middle School Technology.Home Economics Subject - (교사의 면대면 수업과 사이버 가정 학습의 학습 효과 비교 - 중학교 기술 가정 교과의 '청소년과 소비 생활' 단원을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Hye-Ran;Lee, Yon-Suk
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.139-158
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    • 2009
  • The purposes of this study are to develop cyber home study program on consumer life for youth in middle school students and to compare the learning effect of this program with that of teacher's off-line lecture in class. The contents of the middle school Home Economics. Technology textbooks was analyzed. Based on this analysis 4 cyber home study lesson plans on youth's consumer life were developed. The topics of lesson plan were as 'youth and consumer behavior', 'utilizing consumer information'. 'effective consumer choice', 'resolving consumer problems'. The cyber home study were composed of 5 steps which were 'guiding' $\rightarrow$ 'learning activities' $\rightarrow$ 'evaluation' $\rightarrow$ 'further study' $\rightarrow$ 'summery'. The second grade middle school students as an experimental group participated in cyber home study through on-line class. The control group of students who had same condition with the experimental group were taught by home economics teacher using traditional instructional methods in off-line class. After the experiment, the changes in consumer's attitudes and knowledge of both groups were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The significant improvements of consumer's attitudes and knowledge were found in both the experimental and control groups of students. However, the consumer's attitudes and knowledge of the students who were taught by the teacher in off-line class improved more than those of the students who studied using cyber home study program in on-line class. Thus, the following conclusion is made that the cyber home study could be one of the useful learning methods to aid traditional off-line teaching in class.

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A Development and Application of the Landscape Evaluation Model Based on the Biotope Classification (비오톱 유형분류를 기반으로 한 경관평가 모형개발 및 적용)

  • Park, Cheon-Jin;Ra, Jung-Hwa;Cho, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Jin-Hyo;Kwon, Oh-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.114-126
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to find ways of the view evaluation of biotope classification before development by selecting an area, which is as large as about $10.0km^2$ around Non Gong Up, Auk Po Myun, Dalsung Gun, Daugu where the large project has been planned, as a subject of this study. The results of this study are as follows. Because of the classification of biotope, there are 23 kinds of types that are subdivided into 140 types. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. The first survey analyzed the importance of 22 selected assessment indicators based on the evaluation of an existing literature review and on the spot research. The second survey performed factor analysis and reclassified the value indicators. The third survey computed additive values of the selected assessment indicators. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal by 10. Theses additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators in order to make a final evaluation. The number of assessment indicators finally selected through the survey of asking specialist is vitality elements, visual obstructs elements etc 19. According to the result of evaluation of 1st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable is analyzed that 7 spaces, 2 grade spaces for 4, 3 grade spaces for 5, 4 grade space for 2, 5 grade space for 5. Because of the evaluation of 2st, 1 grade spaces which especially valuable(1a, 1b) is analyzed that 15 spaces, 2 grade spaces which valuable is analyzed that 28 space. As the evaluation of site suitability model of this study couldn't have high applicability to other similar area because of having only one site as a subject, it is needed to do synthesize and standardization of various examples to have higher objectivity later.

Measuring the Third-Person Effects of Public Opinion Polls: Focusing On Online Polls (여론조사보도에 대한 제3자효과 검증: 온라인 여론조사를 주목하며)

  • Kim, Sung-Tae;Willnat, Las;Weaver, David
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.32
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    • pp.49-73
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    • 2006
  • During the past decades, public opinion polls have become an ubiquitous tool for probing the complexity of people's beliefs and attitudes on a wide variety of issues. Especially since the late 1970s, the use of polls by news organizations has increased dramatically. Along with the proliferation of traditional polls, in the past few years pollsters and news organizations have come to recognize the advantages of online polls. Increasingly there has been more effort to take the pulse of the public through the Internet. With the Internet's rapid growth during the past years, advocates of online polling often emphasize the relative advantages over traditional polls. Researchers from Harris Black International Ltd., for example, argue that "Internet polling is less expensive and faster and offers higher response rates than telephone surveys." Moreover, since many of the newer online polls draw respondents from large databases of registered Internet users, results of online polls have become more balanced. A series of Harris Black online polls conducted during the 1998 gubernatorial and senatorial elections, for example, has accurately projected the winners in 21 of the 22 races it tracked. Many researchers, however, severely criticize online polls for not being representative of the larger population. Despite the often enormous number of participants, Internet users who participate in online polls tend to be younger, better educated and more affluent than the general population. As Traugott pointed out, the people polled in Internet surveys are a "self selected" group, and thus "have volunteered to be part of the test sample, which could mean they are more comfortable with technology, more informed about news and events ... than Americans who aren't online." The fact that users of online polls are self selected and demographically very different from Americans who have no access to the Internet is likely to influence the estimates of what the majority of people think about social or political issues. One of the goals of this study is therefore to analyze whether people perceive traditional and online public opinion polls differently. While most people might not differentiate sufficiently between traditional random sample polls and non representative online polls, some audiences might perceive online polls as more useful and representative. Since most online polls allow some form of direct participation, mostly in the form of an instant vote by mouse click, and often present their findings based on huge numbers of respondents, consumers of these polls might perceive them as more accurate, representative or reliable than traditional random sample polls. If that is true, perceptions of public opinion in society could be significantly distorted for those who rely on or participate in online polls. In addition to investigating how people perceive random sample and online polls, this study focuses on the perceived impact of public opinion polls. Similar to these past studies, which focused on how public opinion polls can influence the perception of mass opinion, this study will analyze how people perceive the effects of polls on themselves and other people. This interest springs from prior studies of the "third person effect," which have found that people often tend to perceive that persuasive communications exert a stronger influence on others than on themselves. While most studies concerned with the political effects of public opinion polls show that exit polls and early reporting of election returns have only weak or no effects on the outcome of election campaigns, some empirical findings suggest that exposure to polls can move people's opinions both toward and away from perceived majority opinion. Thus, if people indeed believe that polls influence others more than themselves, perceptions of majority opinion could be significantly altered because people might anticipate that others will react more strongly to poll results.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow by Visual Stimulation in $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ Brain SPECT ($^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ 뇌 SPECT에서 시각자극에 의한 국소 뇌 혈류변화의 정량적 검증)

  • Juh, Ra-Hyeong;Suh, Tae-Suk;Kwark, Chul-Eun;Choe, Bo-Young;Lee, Hyoung-Koo;Chung, Yong-An;Kim, Sung-Hoon;Chung, Soo-Kyo
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.166-176
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visual activation and quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow. Visual activation was known to increase regional cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex in occipital lobe. We evaluated that change in the distribution of $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ (Hexamethyl propylene amine oxime) to reflect in regional cerebral blood flow. Materials and Methods: The six volunteers were injected with 925 MBq (mean ages: 26.75 years, n=6, 3men, 3women) underwent MRI and $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ SPECT during a rest state with closed eyes and visual stimulated with 8 Hz LED. We delineate the legion of interest and calculated the mean count per voxel in each of the fifteen slices to quantitative analysis. The ROI to whole brain ratio and regional index was calculated pixel to pixel subtraction visual non-activation image from visual activation image and constructed brain map using a statistical parameter map (SPM99). Results: The mean regional cerebral blood flow was increased due to visual stimulation. The increase rate of the mean regional cerebral blood flow which of the activation region in primary visual cortex of occipital lobe was $32.50{\pm}5.67%$. The significant activation sites using a statistical parameter of brain constructed a rendering image and image fusion with SPECT and MRI. Conclusion: Visual activation was revealed significant increase through quantitative analysis in visual cortex. Activation region was certified in Talairach coordinate and primary visual cortex (Ba17),visual association area (Ba18,19) of Brodmann.