• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.317-323
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• 2019

Amid the recent growing social demand for wellness culture and healing tourism, I, through a literature survey and case study, reviewed the conditions of healing tourism in Gangwon-do as a destination of healing tourism, and examined the development project of Gangwon-do type healing tourism and commercialization of the wellness perspective. According to the survey, it was found that the Yeongdong area in Gangwon Province had excellent healing-based conditions in virtue of abundant natural resources, but it was found that it was necessary for local governments to cooperate in order to prevent overlapping investments and create synergy effects by connecting with one another as development contents or business items of healing tourism projects overlap or remain in the planning stage. In the case of Goseong-gun, which was reviewed as the main site, it has high potential as a silver-healing tour and if the County seeks a wellness merchandising strategy for each healing tourism target based on a therapy program linked with local specialized resources, and effectively links and specializes regional strengths in Gangwon-do's Yeongdong region, it is expected to become a regional success story of operating the development of the local tourism for silver and health-oriented tourists.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2021

Kraft lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, obtained as a black liquor after the extraction of cellulose from wood through the Kraft pulping process. Right now, kraft lignin is utilized as a low-grade boiler fuel to provide heat and power but can be converted into high-calorific biofuels or high-value chemicals once the efficient catalytic depolymerization process is developed. In this work, the multi-functional catalyst of Ru-Mg-Al-oxide, which contains hydrogenation metals, acid, and base sites for the effective depolymerization of kraft lignin are prepared, and its lignin depolymerization efficiency is evaluated. In order to understand the role of different active sites in the lignin depolymerization, the three different catalysts of MgO, Mg-Al-oxide, and Ru-Mg-Al-oxide were synthesized, and their lignin depolymerization activity was compared in terms of the yield and the average molecular weight of bio-oil, as well as the yield of phenolic monomers contained in the bio-oil. Among the catalysts tested, the Ru-Mg-Al-oxide catalyst exhibited the highest yield of bio-oil and phenolic monomers due to the synergy between active sites. Furthermore, in order to maximize the extent of lignin depolymerization over the Ru-Mg-Al-oxide, the effects of reaction conditions (i.e., temperature, time, and catalyst loading amount) on the lignin depolymerization were investigated. Overall, the highest bio-oil yield of 72% and the 3.5 times higher yield of phenolic monomers than that without a catalyst were successfully achieved at 350 ℃ and 10% catalyst loading after 4 h reaction time.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.241-248
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• 2021

Firms have many ways to expand their businesses including M&A. Big companies in online and offline businesses show different ways of expansion with different objectives to expand their digital businesses quickly. Expansions for technical reasons are to acquire technologies they do not have while those for business reasons are M&A for offline companies to have competence in markets by acquiring online companies. Other ways of expansions include spin-off and group participation after investments for startups. Various ways of expansions are chosen because they are optimal choices depending on situations the companies face, and they have different strengths and weaknesses. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of those options for expansion at this stage would be academically valuable, and also practically meaningful in terms of providing insights for companies' decision making in choosing opitions for expansions. M&A of online companies to make multi-channels by offline companies have risks of failing to internalize online companies and have enough synergy effects. Also, spin-off is a relatively less risky way of expansion while the speed of expansion is slower than establishing external startups with some shares of equity and making them as affiliated companies. External startups are good for speed of expansion while there are risks of legal regulations and negative awareness by the public.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2022

Objectives : To identify the active ingredient of Poncirus Trifoliata Immaturus and to explore the mechanism expected to potentially act on dermatitis accompanied by pruritus. Methods : We conducted the network pharmacological analysis. We selected effective ingredients among the active compounds of Poinciri Fructus Immaturus. We found the target protein of the selected active ingredient, disease(dermatitis accompanied by pruritus) and fexofenadine. Then we established the network between the proteins which Poinciri Fructus Immaturus and fexofenadine intersected with disease respectively, and the coregene was also extracted. After that, the active pathways in the human body involving the groups and coregenes were searched. Results : Total of 7 active ingredients were selected, and 202 target proteins were collected. There were 756 proteins related to inflammatory skin disease accompanied by pruritus, and 75 proteins were related to fexofenadine. 42 proteins crossed by Poinciri Fructus Immaturus with a disease, and 31 proteins crossed by fexofenadine with a disease. 12 proteins were found as a coregene from the proteins that cross Poinciri Fructus Immaturus and disease. Coregenes are involved in 'Nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity', 'Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway'. 2 groups that extracted are invloved in 'Fc receptor signaling pathway', 'Central carbon metabolism in cancer', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB', and 'omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway'. Conclusion : It is expected that Poinciri Fructus Immaturus will be able to show direct or indirect anti-pruritus and anti-inflammatory effects on skin inflammation accompanied by pruritus in the future. And it is also expected to have a synergy effect with fexofenadine on skin disease.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2022

In recent years, many Internet giants have begun providing their own content services, which attract online users by offering personalized services based on artificial intelligence technologies. This study investigates the role of two firms' content services within the firms' online service network. We examine the role of Naver Webtoon, which can be characterized as a professional-generated content, within Naver's service portfolio, and that of Google YouTube, which can be characterized as a user-generated content, within Google's service portfolio. Using survey data on viewers' use of the two services, we analyze a valued directed service network, where a node denotes an online service and a relationship between two nodes denotes a sequential use of two services. We found that both Webtoon and YouTube show higher out-degree centrality than in-degree centrality, which implies these content services are more likely to be starting services rather than arriving services within the firms' interactive network. The gap between the out-degree and in-degree centrality of YouTube is much smaller than that of Webtoon. The high centrality of YouTube, a user-generated content service, within the Google service network shows that YouTube's initial role of providing specific-content videos (e.g., entertainment) has expanded into a general search service for users.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.6
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• pp.80-104
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• 2024

Ginseng, a representative medicinal plant of South Korea, is also highly valued in North Korea. However, due to limited access to information about North Korea, the actual cultivation, research and development trends, and related industry status of ginseng in North Korea are not well known. In this study, we aimed to understand the current status and research trends of the ginseng industry in North Korea based on limited available literature. In the North Korean pharmacopoeia, ginseng is referred to as "Koryo ginseng" and is defined as the roots of 6-year-old ginseng cultivated in the Kaesong region. The pharmacopoeia includes 22 types of ginseng preparations. In addition, 10 ginseng preparations are included in North Korea's Essential Drug List, and various health supplements, cosmetics, and toothpastes containing ginseng have been developed, distributed, and sold. Since 2014, the ginseng industry and research in North Korea have become more active overall. During this period, the ginseng cultivation area in Kaesong has been significantly expanded, and the facilities have been renovated. The Kaesong Koryo Ginseng Processing Plant has been equipped with sterilized, modernized facilities since 2016 and has been in operation. Since 2017, there has been a growing interest in quality control research, leading to the introduction of quality management regulations and certification systems in 2019. In the 1990s, there was significant research on ginseng product development, and since the 2000s, studies on the pharmacological effects and clinical research of ginseng have been reported. Additionally, research on ginseng cultivation and ginseng processing industries to increase yield has been emphasized. Ginseng, as a representative medicinal crop of Korea, holds great importance for both South and North Korea. Given its significance and the potential for synergy through mutual cooperation, ginseng serves as an ideal subject for inter-Korean exchange and collaboration.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2017

We investigated perceptual similarity and the difference between client and vendor in information technology (IT) outsourcing projects. Specifically, we focused on each player's perception of how the fit of governance and peripheral knowledge affects the performance of IT project outsourcing. For 107 IT projects, we surveyed both client and vendor in the same IT projects and compared the responses of each side. Through a dyadic analysis, we first found that both client and vendor put more weight on the vendor's peripheral knowledge than that of the client as a positive influencer of project performance. However, regarding the governance style of an IT project, client and vendor showed completely different perspectives. The client believed that the vendor's peripheral knowledge positively contributes to the performance of IT project under the governance of outcome control. However, the vendor showed that its peripheral knowledge creates synergy effects under the governance of process control. Our interpretation of the perceptual similarity and difference between client and vendor delivers managerial implications for businesses that process IT projects.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of films on shelf-life and microbiological Safety of pork meat. Effects of antimicrobial films against total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus in pork meat were evaluated during storage of 14 days at $5^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;15^{\circ}C$. Antimicrobial films were developed with addition of a natural substance, wasabi extracts(Wasabia japonica). At $5^{\circ}C$ storage, growth of total aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes were inhibited higher than at 10 and $15^{\circ}C$. Especially, the numbers of S. Typhimurium and S. aureus were increased gradually at $5^{\circ}C$ even in the control sample, and it takes more than 14 days to increase in every sample upto 6 $log_{10}cfu/g$. The higher antimicrobial effects of the films were observed at storage of $5^{\circ}C$ than at $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. There was a limit of a single treatment of antimicrobial film to prolong shelf-life of pork meat. The synergistic effect of antimicrobial film were observed with addition of refrigeration at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

College students are the potential income classes preparing for income activities and are the main consumers of the future that are very important. In order to understand the current state of ginseng-related consumption culture of young consumers, this study wanted to examine university students' attitudes toward ginseng-related products and services in the future, and to find out their purchasing status, satisfaction, and intent to purchase them. In doing so, we looked at the relative influence of the relevant variables that affect the intent of the purchase. As a result, the variables that affect college student consumers' intention to purchase ginseng-related products were shown in the order of their reliability, economy, purchasing experience, subjective interest, monthly income, monthly allowance, pride in ginseng, and age. Of these, most of the variables had positive effects, but the average monthly income, monthly allowance, and age had negative effects. In other words, the higher the reliability, economy, and self-esteem of ginseng, the higher the willingness to buy ginseng, the higher the subjective interest in ginseng, the higher the age, the lower the monthly allowance, and the lower the income, the lower the willingness to buy ginseng. To promote college students' consumption of ginseng products, it is necessary to cut prices for the younger generation, enhance the quality of the products for the younger generation, improve the taste to overcome the negative aspects of rejecting the bitter and bitter taste, and, above all, induce consumers' attention. It is also necessary to expand accessibility through the development of convenient and easy-to-eat products for young people and the expansion of sales outlets. Recently, young consumers are interested in new products they have never experienced before, products that are good to certify because of their unique design or packaging, and retro products that stimulate nostalgia in the past, so they need to promote and provide information related to consumption of ginseng products in this regard. Considering the practicality and convenience of consumers, we propose consideration of personal consumers' taste curation services, which reflect their preference for products that are convenient to carry with them in line with various living environments, and can have synergy with other products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

This research was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., BO) fractions on the liposomes consisted of L-$\alpha$-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC-liposome) and the tyrosinase activity of BO fractions. The methanol extract of BO (BOM) was fractionated into five different partition layers: hexane (BOMH), ethylether (BOMEE), ethylacetate (BOMEA), butanol (BOMB) and aqueous (BOMA) layers. The antioxidant activities of BOM fractions toward oxidized DLPC-liposome were examined by spectrophotometry measuring oxidized conjugated dines. The antioxidant activities of BOMEE and BOMEA fractions toward oxidized DLPC-liposomes were similar to the antioxidant activities of $\alpha$-tocopherol and weaker than that of BHT. The synergy effects of antioxidation of BOMEE and BOMEA fractions added with vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol had even stronger antioxidant activities than the fractions without vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol. These results showed that the fractions of BOMEE and BOMEA could be developed as a potent antioxidant. Out of five different partition layers of BOM fractions, BOMEA exhibited the strongest tyrosinase activity of 94% at a concentration of 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. This result suggests BOMEA fractions inhibit the foramation of melanin and therefore can be used as the inhibitor of melanin synthesis. Results of antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in BOMEE and BOMEA fractions. Both fractions from BO (red cabbage) have the potential of being developed into health related products.