Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2021.27.2.190

Depolymerization of Kraft Lignin over a Ru-Mg-Al-oxide Catalyst  

Kim, Han Ung (School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University)
Limarta, Susan Olivia (Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Jae, Jungho (School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Clean Technology / v.27, no.2, 2021 , pp. 190-197 More about this Journal
Abstract
Kraft lignin is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, obtained as a black liquor after the extraction of cellulose from wood through the Kraft pulping process. Right now, kraft lignin is utilized as a low-grade boiler fuel to provide heat and power but can be converted into high-calorific biofuels or high-value chemicals once the efficient catalytic depolymerization process is developed. In this work, the multi-functional catalyst of Ru-Mg-Al-oxide, which contains hydrogenation metals, acid, and base sites for the effective depolymerization of kraft lignin are prepared, and its lignin depolymerization efficiency is evaluated. In order to understand the role of different active sites in the lignin depolymerization, the three different catalysts of MgO, Mg-Al-oxide, and Ru-Mg-Al-oxide were synthesized, and their lignin depolymerization activity was compared in terms of the yield and the average molecular weight of bio-oil, as well as the yield of phenolic monomers contained in the bio-oil. Among the catalysts tested, the Ru-Mg-Al-oxide catalyst exhibited the highest yield of bio-oil and phenolic monomers due to the synergy between active sites. Furthermore, in order to maximize the extent of lignin depolymerization over the Ru-Mg-Al-oxide, the effects of reaction conditions (i.e., temperature, time, and catalyst loading amount) on the lignin depolymerization were investigated. Overall, the highest bio-oil yield of 72% and the 3.5 times higher yield of phenolic monomers than that without a catalyst were successfully achieved at 350 ℃ and 10% catalyst loading after 4 h reaction time.
Keywords
Biofuels; Lignin; Catalytic depolymerization; Phenolic monomers; Ru-Mg-Al-oxide;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, M., Son, D., Choi, J.-W., Jae, J., Suh, D. J., Ha, J.-M., and Lee, K.-Y., "Production of Phenolic Hydrocarbons Using Catalytic Depolymerization of Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb)-Derived Organosolv Lignin on Hβ-supported Ru," Chem. Eng. J., 309, 187-196 (2017).   DOI
2 Shuai, L., and Saha, B., "Towards High-Yield Lignin Monomer Production," Green Chem., 19(16), 3752-3758 (2017).   DOI
3 Kloekhorst, A., Shen, Y., Yie, Y., Fang, M., and Heeres, H. J., "Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation and Hydrocracking of Alcell® Lignin In Alcohol/Formic Acid Mixtures Using a Ru/C Catalyst," Biomass Bioenergy, 80, 147-161 (2015).   DOI
4 Huang, X., Koranyi, T. I., Boot, M. D., and Hensen, E. J., "Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin in Supercritical Ethanol," ChemSusChem, 7(8), 2276-2288 (2014).   DOI
5 Huang, X., Atay, C., Koranyi, T. I., Boot, M. D., and Hensen, E. J. M., "Role of Cu-Mg-Al Mixed Oxide Catalysts in Lignin Depolymerization in Supercritical Ethanol," ACS Catal., 5(12), 7359-7370 (2015).   DOI
6 Ha, J.-M., Hwang, K.-R., Kim, Y.-M., Jae, J., Kim, K. H., Lee, H. W., Kim, J.-Y., and Park, Y.-K., "Recent Progress in the Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Lignin," Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 111, 422-441 (2019).   DOI
7 Kristianto, I., Limarta, S. O., Lee, H., Ha, J.-M., Suh, D. J., and Jae, J., "Effective Depolymerization of Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis Lignin Using a Carbon-Supported Ruthenium Catalyst in Ethanol/Formic Acid Media," Bioresour. Technol., 234, 424-431 (2017).   DOI
8 Limarta, S. O., Ha, J.-M., Park, Y.-K., Lee, H., Suh, D. J., and Jae, J., "Efficient Depolymerization of Lignin in Supercritical Ethanol by a Combination of Metal and Base Catalysts," J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 57, 45-54 (2018).   DOI
9 Chu, S., Subrahmanyam, A. V., and Huber, G. W., "The Pyrolysis Chemistry of a β-O-4 type Oligomeric Lignin Model Compound," Green Chem., 15(1), 125-136 (2013).   DOI
10 Van den Bosch, S., Renders, T., Kennis, S., Koelewijn, S. F., Van den Bossche, G., Vangeel, T., Deneyer, A., Depuydt, D., Courtin, C. M., Thevelein, J. M., Schutyser, W., and Sels, B. F., "Integrating Lignin Valorization and Bio-Ethanol Production: on the Role of Ni-Al2O3 Catalyst Pellets During Lignin-First Fractionation," Green Chem., 19(14), 3313-3326 (2017).   DOI
11 Kim, J.-Y., Park, S. Y., Choi, I.-G., and Choi, J. W., "Evaluation of RuxNi1-x/SBA-15 Catalysts for Depolymerization Features of Lignin Macromolecule into Monomeric Phenols," Chem. Eng. J., 336, 640-648 (2018).   DOI
12 Song, Q., Wang, F., Cai, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, W., and Xu, J., "Lignin depolymerization (LDP) in alcohol over nickel-based catalysts via a fragmentation-hydrogenolysis process," Energy Environ. Sci., 6(3), 994-1007 (2013).   DOI
13 Limarta, S. O., Kim, H., Ha, J.-M., Park, Y.-K., and Jae, J., "High-quality and Phenolic Monomer-Rich Bio-Oil Production from Lignin in Supercritical Ethanol Over Synergistic Ru and Mg-Zr-oxide Catalysts," Chem. Eng. J., 396, 125175 (2020).   DOI
14 Bbosa, D., Mba-Wright, M., and Brown, R. C., "More than Ethanol: A Techno-Economic Analysis of a corn Stover-Ethanol Biorefinery Integrated with a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process to Convert Lignin into Biochemicals," Biofuel Bioprod. Biorefin., 12(3), 497-509 (2018).   DOI
15 Roberts, V. M., Stein, V., Reiner, T., Lemonidou, A., Li, X., and Lercher, J. A., "Towards Quantitative Catalytic Lignin Depolymerization," Chem. Eur. J., 17(21), 5939-5948 (2011).   DOI
16 Li, C., Zhao, X., Wang, A., Huber, G. W., and Zhang, T., "Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels," Chem. Rev., 115(21), 11559-11624 (2015).   DOI
17 Huang, X., Koranyi, T. I., Boot, M. D., and Hensen, E. J., "Ethanol as Capping Agent and Formaldehyde Scavenger for Efficient Depolymerization of Lignin to Aromatics," Green Chem., 17(11), 4941-4950 (2015).   DOI