• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-33
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• 2004

In Oriental medicine, aging is just a natural process like change of seasons. Ancient Oriental people accepted it as a natural thing to be growing older and to die at last. The science of aging has advanced dramatically. In the last 2 decades, advances in genetics and molecular biology have led to extraordinary new understandings in how cells age, how apoptosis programs cells to die, and how neuroendocrinology plays a role in the lifespan of organisms. Today, the matter of primary concern about aging is a cellular and mitochondrial damage of human body induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS). The skin aging can be divided into two areas, intrinsic(chronologic)-aging and photo-aging. There are lots of photo damage about skin aging. The skin is increasingly exposed to ultraviolet(UV) irradiation in life. Therefore, the risk of photo-oxidative damage of the skin induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) has increased substantially. Nowadays, many people believe that they can stop or at least delay the process of aging. There are lots of treatments that promise to slow the process of aging and the associated ailments. Many of these treatments, for example, exercise, Vit E, Vit C therapy, hormone therapy, restrict diet, are gradually being subjected to clinical trials. But in spite of all efforts, researches and investigations, there is no single method or treatment which is revealed to be truly effective for delaying progress of aging. Every methods insisted on effect for delaying aging process, has its dark side. All we can do is just keeping ourself healthy until the time of death.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 한국에서 육종한 신육성품종 그린볼 사과 껍질 추출물(GBE)이 피부 광노화 인자조절에 대한 억제효과를 확인하였다. 피부에서 광노화 인자 조절에 대한 억제 효과를 확인하기 위해 CCD986sk fibrobalst cell에 UVB로 광노화를 유도시킨 후 세포에 GBE를 처리하였다. 광노화 인자 조절 효과를 측정한 결과 GBE가 COL1A2, MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 단백질 발현량에서 UVB에 의해 자극된 MMP-1, MMP-9 단백질 합성을 억제하였으며, COL1A2, TIMP-1 단백질의 경우 발현량이 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. Photoaging-related factors인 COL1A2, MMP-1, MMP-9, HAS2, TGF-β, TIMP-1의 mRNA 발현량을 측정한 결과 GBE에 의해 MMP-1, MMP-9 단백질 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, MMPs와 type procollagen 발현에 관여하는 조절인자인 TIMP-1과 TGF-β의 발현량이 증가함에 따라 COL1A2의 생성량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 피부를 구성하는 구조 단백질 중 하나인 hyaluronic acid 생성에 관여하는 HAS2의 발현량 증가도 확인하였다. 따라서 GBE는 광노화의 인자 억제 조절에 대한 우수한 효능을 가졌으며, 피부 노화를 예방하는 기능성 소재로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2003

Ultraviolet (UV) is thought to induce erythema, sun-burn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, photo-aging and sometimes skin tumor. To investigate the photo-protective effects of APB-01 (Amore-Pacific Beauty-01, the mixture of Jaummi-dan and Fujiflavone P10) on UV-induced skin damage, forty of SKH hairless female mice were orally administered with APB-01 or saline fifth a week, and irradiated with UV third a week for up to ten weeks. We examined the relationship between visible changes and skin damage in the dermis and epidermis. In the APB-01 treated group, a better skin and less wrinkles formation were observed when compared to the UV control group. This results demonstrated that oral administration of APB-01 seems to have photo-protective effects on UV-induced skin damage of hairless mice due to an inhibitory effect on collagen breakdown, and the model using hairless mice is very useful to investigate the efficacy of functional beauty foods.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2018

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) over-expression and extra cellular matrix depletion, leading to skin photo-aging such as wrinkle formation, dryness, and sagging. In this study, we demonstrated that pretreatment with the hexane extract of microalgae protects UVB mediated cell damages. The results of clinical study showed that Microalgal Oil treated group reduced wrinkle and improve elasticity. All these results suggest Microalgal Oil may be useful as new photo-aging cosmetics for protection against UV induced activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2015

Skin aging is the most readily observable process involved in human aging. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes photo-oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby damaging the nucleus and cytoplasm of skin cells and ultimately leading to cell death. Recent studies have shown that high levels of solar UVB irradiation induce the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin fibroblasts, causing photo-aging and tumor progression. The MMP family is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes such as arthritis and metastasis. We investigated the effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) against damage induced by UVB radiation in human skin keratinocytes. In UVB-irradiated cells, DPHC significantly reduced expression of MMP mRNA and protein, as well as activation of MMPs. Furthermore, DPHC reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which act upstream of c-Fos and c-Jun, respectively; consequently, DPHC inhibited the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun, which are key components of activator protein-1 (AP-1, up-regulator of MMPs). Additionally, DPHC abolished the DNA-binding activity of AP-1, and thereby prevented AP-1-mediated transcriptional activation. These data demonstrate that by inactivating ERK and JNK, DPHC inhibits induction of MMPs triggered by UVB radiation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.633-643
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• 2019

Long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure accelerates the phenomenon of skin photo-aging by activating collagenase and elastase. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of grapefruit and rosemary extracts (cG&Re) on UVB-irradiated damage in HaCaT cells and dorsal mouse skin. In HaCaT cells, cG&Re recovered UVB-reduced cell viability and inhibited protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-Erk), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), and a class of MAPKs (p-P38). Also, cG&Re suppressed UVB-induced collagen and elastin degradation by decreasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, which is a transcription factor. Similar results were observed in dorsal mouse skin. Taken together, our data indicate that cG&Re prevent UVB-induced skin photo-aging due to collagen/elastin degradation via activation of MAPKs, MMPs, and the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2019

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with the development of extrinsic skin aging. We performed in vivo assays in order to investigate the protective effect of a combination of grapefruit and rosemary extracts (cG&Re) on UVB-induced skin aging. The results indicated that cG&Re displayed elastase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Topical application of cG&Re mitigated photo-aging related lesions such as skin erythema and thickening in photo-aged BALB/c mice dorsal skin, by preventing UVB-induced collagen degradation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that cG&Re stimulated SIRT-1 expression, and suppressed MMP-1 and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression. It was observed that expression of MMP-1 and -13 mRNA was downregulated in the cG&Re-treated group. Furthermore, cG&Re treatment drastically suppressed protein expression of MMP-1 and regulated the phosphorylation of p-38 kinase. As expected, oral administration of cG&Re resulted in the same SIRT-1, MMP-1, and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression patterns observed upon topical application of cG&Re in the UV-induced mice model. Overall, the current results demonstrated that cG&Re attenuated both the downregulation of MMP-1 expression and up-regulation of SIRT-1 expression, as well as decreased phosphorylation of MAPK in UVB-induced skin ageing mice model, suggesting that cG&Re might be used as an internal food ingredient for beauty-purposes as well as a functional food material.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2017

Prolonged exposure to solar ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has been known to cause premature skin aging (photo-aging). UVA radiation generates ROS thereby induce degenerative changes of skin such as degradation of dermal collagen, elastic fibers. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the proteolytic enzymes have been implicated as a major player in the development of UVA-induced photo-aging. Many studies have been conducted to block the harmful effects of UV radiation on the skin. Recently, we are interested in the availability of fermented red ginseng (FRG) as natural matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors (MMPIs). The efficacy difference between red ginseng and FRG has been compared. Both RG and FRG have no cytotoxic effects below the concentration of $300{\mu}g/ml$. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were pretreated with FRG or RG for 24h, followed by irradiation of UVA. Then, we measured the intracellular ROS production and the expression of MMP, $IL-1{\beta}$ at the mRNA level. We also examined the intracellular localization of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MMP-9 on the FRG or RG treated and UVA-irradiated HDFs. FRG decreased the intracellular ROS production elicited by UVA. In addition, FRG decreased the mRNA expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, and $IL-1{\beta}$ more efficiently than RG. Furthermore, FRG suppressed the nuclear localization of $NF-{\kappa}B$, and the expression of MMP-9. Taken together, our results suggest that FRG is promising agents to prevent UVA-induced photo-aging by suppressing MMP expression and inflammation.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 on the improvement of skin aging in an UVB-induced photo-aging model of hairless mice. The dorsal skin of hairless mice was exposed to UVB three times a week for 12 weeks to induce skin wrinkle. After inducing the wrinkle, $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. Skin thickness, skin barrier function, and wrinkle indicators were improved by treatment with $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500. Both gene and protein expression levels of MMP-3 and c-Jun in skin were significantly decreased by $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500. Therefore, the intake of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 is thought to have a positive effect on the improvement of skin aging, although further studies are needed.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.409.2-409.2
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• 2002

Retinol is widely used for skin care. the improvement of the appearance of aging. photo-damaged or oxidatively stressed skin. and especially for the improvement of the appearance of wrinkled skin. Retinol. however. is extremely sensitive to atmospheric oxygen. and easily decomposed by exposure to air. Retinol is commonly formulated as the ointments or creams for cosmetic preparations. (omitted)