• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.89-110
• /
• 2017

The organization of the shipping conference -an international cartel, was approved by countries that recognized it for stabilizing routes as well as preventing excessive competition among liner shipping companies and recognized the characteristic of the liner service that is regularly repeated in the international liner shipping market. However, due to competition in bulk transportation and development of multimodal transport through new entrants, power expansion and vessel enlargement of non-aligned shipping companies; the shipping conference started collapsing, and was eventually abolished. As the shipping conference played an important role in the liner shipping market, there were changes in the competition structure of the liner shipping market, and this accordingly drove research on the effects of the abolition of the shipping conference on the liner shipping market. The effects of abolition of the shipping conference on the liner shipping market was analyzed after surveying the factors related to abolition of the shipping conference, and through the use of correlation and multiple regression analyses. Subsequent to the abolition of the shipping conference, the liner shipping companies increased global containership bottoms. Consequently, this led to fierce competition of freight charges. As a result, profitability of shipping companies diminished. However, shipping companies with a dominating cost structure recorded profits, while shipping companies with an inferior cost structure started recording a loss.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.107
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamic market mechanism adopting relationship marketing techniques between the shipping companies and shippers. As shipping companies mainly rely on sales operation, the relational structure of shipping companies and shippers is considered to be one of the determinants in business performance and customer satisfaction In this respect, the characteristic relationship between sales person and shipping company takes an important roles in relationship marketing in shipping business industry. An empirical study was carried out to find out the determinants cf relationship quality and antecedent factors of characteristics in shipping companies and sales person.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of anmediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variable, that is, the relationship formation factors, is further classified into three components： transactional, relational, environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable, that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of an mediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variables, that is, the relationship formation factors, are further classified into three components. transactional, relational, and environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable. that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.175-207
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the interdependent partnership between liner shipping companies and port-related service firms on the service quality and transaction performance. The empirical analysis found that sharing information and mutual trust of partnership factor positively affected service quality of the port-related service firms, but the communication had negative effects on it. The interdependence had the interaction effect between the partnership and the service quality. Also, the service quality affected satisfaction of transaction and re-purchasing of the shipping companies. This study shows that the partnership to be formed mutual dependent relationship between shipping companies and the port-related firms improve the service quality of shipping service network and enhance transactional satisfaction of both parties.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The antecedent to the relationship between the effect of the characteristics of strategic alliances and the performance of container liner shipping companies has been investigated in this study as container liner shipping companies' strategic alliances. It affects positively and negatively home, partner, and the third parties' performance in container liner shipping companies. Extensive literature reviews on shipper's strategic alliances reveal that strategic alliances in financial and non-financial performance of container liner shipping companies show the performance such as economic effects, business performance, global supply chain management performance, customer satisfaction, and forward integration and backward integration performance. The purpose of this study is to test empirically that the relationship between the characteristics of strategic alliances and financial and non-financial performance in container liner shipping companies. Structured equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypothesis using AMOS statistics program. Most previous researches focused on the relationship between the characteristics of strategic alliances and alliance types. There are few empirical studies that focus on business performance data because it is difficult to collect data in container liner shipping companies. However, this research measures financial and non-financial performance differently compared with the previous researches focusing on the characteristics of strategic alliances and alliance types measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - The conceptual model for the study is based on the studies of Lim (2010), Chen & Zhen (2009), and Wang & Meng (2014). The model is built around the factors of characteristics of strategic alliances and business performance. Cost, marketing, and service factors are regarded as proxy for the characteristics of strategic alliances. The financial and non-financial performance are regarded as proxy for the performance of strategic alliances. Based on the analysis of one hundred cases such as forwarder, shipper, and liner shipping companies, this study uses structural equation modeling to verify the effects of the characteristics of strategic alliances on business performance. Conclusions - This study provides container liner shipping companies to get some policy and practical implications in terms of the characteristics of strategic alliances and business performance. First, the cost factor for alliances characteristics has a positively significant influence on the financial and non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The cost factor relationship between high and low performance group does not have a significant difference on the performance of strategic alliances. Second, the marketing factor of alliances characteristics has a positively significant influence on the financial and non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The high performance group's marketing factor has a great non-financial performance than low performance group, but the low performance group's marketing factor has a grater financial performance than high performance group factor does. Third, the service factor of alliances characteristics has a negative influence on the non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The high performance group's service factor has a great non-financial performance than low performance group. Based on the findings from this study, related implications and future avenues deserve to be discussed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.73-96
• /
• 2014

Competitiveness of container ports has been traditionally evaluated by capability of individual ports to provide services to customers or their service quality. However, since container ports are connected by container shipping networks to varying degrees, the status of the ports in liner shipping service networks also determines competitiveness of the ports. Sometimes same ports may play different roles in different forms of shipping networks. Shipping network connections that formulate in container ports therefore have more significant impact on their performance than service capabilities they have. This study aims to explore how the shipping and port network has been structured and changed in the past and to examine the network characteristics of ports using Social Network Analysis(SNA). In this SNA study, nodes in the network are the ports-of-call of the liner shipping services and links in the network are connections realized by vessel movements, such that the liner shipping networks determine the port networks. This study, therefore, investigates the liner shipping networks and through its results demonstrates the network characteristics of the ports that are represented by the four centrality indices. This provides port authorities and terminal operating companies with managerial implications to enhance competitiveness from customers' perspectives.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2014

The route of Korea and China situates stable shipping market by the agreement on maritime transport between two countries. Epecially, the Car-ferry shipping market between Korea and China is growing up the world's largest markets in this situation. But, the rapid growth of markets have the possibility of imbalance between supply and demand. In addition that heavy competition can be arisen. The aim of this study is to analyze the ways to reinforce competitiveness of Car-ferry shipping companies(CFSCs) between Korea and China routes through suggesting importance weights of service factors. Firstly, evaluating service factors of CFSCs between Korea and China routes are selected by reviewing literatures and Delphi method. Secondly, importance weights of service factors are calculated using Fuzzy method. As a result, Shipper and CFSCs between Korea and China routes select 'agility of loading and unloading', 'agility of customs', and 'punctuality of transportation' as the most important factors. On the other hand, the two groups are shown the perception gaps on the factors such as 'reasonable shipping cost', 'voyage speed', 'multimodal transportation', and 'professionality of manpower'. The implication of this study is that Government of Korea and China Have to cooperate agreement for mutual drive towed trailer and customs to speedy transportation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.73-94
• /
• 2013

The necessity of shipping market information services has been on the rise which emphasizes the relevance of transaction information and market information to parties both in and outside the shipping industry. However, previous related researches have been restricted to explorations limited by the offerings of existing shipping market information providers. Users today require effective information, an efficient contents management system, interfacing to help the information provider, graphing and spread sheets to facilitate and present the analyzed information through diverse formats, and reliable web and mobile services to provide information effectively with limited human resources. As a first step, service information has to be defined, so that it takes into account user utility, information retrieval and data development. Second, benchmark information and services must be provided from leading shipbrokers and research institutes. Third, a review of the latest technical trends is required to identify the most suitable technologies for servicing shipping market information. Finally, analysis is required on the implementation of a system with selected technologies, as well as the development of channels to post information which have been analyzed by users. Such a process would enable the continual redefinition of the shipping market information users actively need. The application of an X-Internet based WCMS, with a single-window dashboard providing user-customized information, and used to obtain and manage processes, add spread sheets to sustain calculations using the latest information, graph results, and to input additional information following predefined rules. Access to data and use of the system would require agreement that the system will incorporate user data and user-analyzed information into the market report, web portal, and hybrid app to provide current shipping market information appropriately and accurately to service users.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine disconnection between supply and demand shipping market, which means shipowner has determined to raise capacity in bust period. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be applied is first to look into conceptual theory about shipping market, and then to study imbalance of supply and demand situations in shipping on crisis, and next, to analyses paradoxical aspects traced. Results - Shipping market is a volatile and cyclic characteristics, and its situations have to be examined very carefully. Since financial crisis has broken up in 2008, it is natural to think that world trade volumes has reduced rapidly, which means demand for shipping service has fallen, and accordingly, tonnage should be stagnated as well. However, shipping companies have put capacity into market as unexpectedly. This is because of economy of scale and time lag. Here, this can be explained in terms of paradox that is proved in this paper. Conclusions - From careful research in this paper, it is found that supply and demand are not always got along with market situations, in other words supply side could be working well, in spite of depression time of demand situations in world shipping markets.