• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Discharged materials from the point or non-point source are released into the sea, and as the results, marine environment is directly affected. We must estimate the impacts of contaminants to marine pollution rapidly and accurately. Therefore, it is needed on early warning system for appreciating marine environmental impacts, and required a bioassay to evaluate abnormal changes. A bioassay test was developed to examine the effects of heavy metal contaminants on the early life stages of the marine annimals. We have studied the effects of metals on early development of a sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. S. intermedius embryos were tested with six metals (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni) and showed the highest sensitivity to Cu as well as the lowest sensitivity to Cd. The order of biological impact for metals was Cu>Ag>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cd. In accordance with the results, sea urchins embryos can provide biological criteria for seawater quality assessment. The sensitivity of developmental bioassay whith S. intermedius is at intermediate level among marine organisms commonly used in aquatic bioassays. And this sea urchin can be routinely employed as a test organism for ecotoxicity assays.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2000

우리나라 동해안에 서식하는 새치성게(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)는 둥근성게과(Strongylocentrotidae)에 속하는 냉수성 해양 무척추동물이다. 둥근성게과에는 현재 9종의 성게가 속해 있으나, 아직 종간의 분류 기준, 계통 분류학적 유연관계, 진화과정 등이 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 유전자 염기서열이라는 분자형질을 이용하여 새치성게의 종 분류기준을 확립하고 이 종의 계통진화 및 분화 시기를 파악하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 변화율이 빠르고 모계로만 유전되는 특성을 가진 미토콘드리아의 한 유전자인 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)을 분석하였다. 새치성게의 생식소에서 DNA를 추출하고 중합효소연쇄반응으로 COI 유전자 단편을 선택적으로 증폭하였으며, 클로닝과 시퀀싱 과정을 거쳐 COI 유전자의 단편 1077개 염기쌍 순서(염기서열)를 확정하였다. 이 염기서열과 유전자 데이터베이스(GenBank)에 들어있는 다른 성게 및 해삼, 불가사리의 유전자를 비교하고 그 분자 계통수를 작성함으로써 새치성게의 진화과정을 분석하였다. COI 유전자 계통수는 새치성게가 태평양 동쪽 연안에 서식하는 S. purpuratus와 계통적으로 자매군(sister species)의 관계에 있음을 보였다. 두 종의 분화 시기는 계통수 상 분지의 길이와 화석연대를 고려하여 산출했을 때 지구 온도의 변동이 심했던 약 890만년 전으로 추정되었다. 태평양의 동안과 서안으로 분리된 두 종의 현재 분포와 종분화 시기의 지구 환경조건은 두 종간의 분화가 환경변화에 따른 개체군의 지리적 분리(vicariance)에 의한 것임을 시사해 준다. 한편, 새치성게의 COI 유전자염기서열은 이 종을 대표하는 분자형질로서 둥근성게과의 성게들을 서로 구분할 수 있는 종분류의 기준이 될 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.954-959
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• 2020

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of rescue apparatus, that can capture crabs using external stimuli such as food and electricity, without relying on divers. In this study, a microcomputer-based controller and an IC-device-based controller were developed, and spot inspection was conducted using 20 modules and 30 sea urchin removal modules. Accordingly, 58, 18, 17, and 74 sea urchins were introduced in the first, second, third and fourth experiments, respectively. The result of evaluating the lure of each removal mechanism, based on the catch per unit effort, with an electrical stimulus was 1.1 (32/10), with a feeding stimulus was 3.4 (100/29), and with electrical and feeding stimuli was 3.5 (35/10).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.323-326
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• 2008

Some sea urchins were collected from the subtidal rocky bottom of Munseom near Seogwipo, Jejudo Island by SCUBA diving from April to May, 2008 and identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Among them, Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) of Family Toxopneustidae was newly recorded from Korea and redescribed on the specimen collected at a depth of 25 m between Munseom and Sekkiseom. The detailed morphological description was presented with the photographs. This species was characterized by the very naked median areas of ambulacral and interambulacral portions and this genus was the first record in Korea. Eighteen echinoids are so far recorded in Jejudo Island, Korea.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2024

In this study, the surfaces of two gold nanoparticles of different shapes were modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and used for contact lenses. The polymer was based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and spherical and sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were used as additives. CTAB was used to modify the surface of the sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles. To analyze the physical properties of the prepared contact lens, optical transmittance, refractive index, water content, contact angle, and atomic force microscope (AFM) were measured and evaluated. The results showed the nanoparticles did not significantly affect optical transmittance, refractive index, or water content of the lens, and tensile strength increased according to the ratio of the additive. The addition of the sea urchin-shaped nanoparticles resulted in lower wettability compared with the spherical nanoparticles, but somewhat superior tensile strength. In addition, it was found that the wettability of the lens was improved when the surface-modified sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were added. The types of gold nanoparticles and surface modification methods used in this study are considered to have great potential for use in ophthalmic materials.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2008

성게의 형태학적 분류는 그것의 형질적 변이에 의하여 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 말똥성게, 둥근성게, 보라성게, 분홍성게와 동해안에서 포획된 미확인 성게 4종의 형태형질 비교와 계통유연관계를 조사하였다. 성게의 생식소로부터 genomic DNA를 분리한 후, PCR 방법을 통하여 mitochondrial 12S rDNA 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 둥근성게과의 말똥성게, 둥근성게, 만두성게과의 보라성게, 주발성게과의 분홍성게의 mitochondrial 12S rDNA의 염기서열은 미확인 성게종들의 그것과 85.9-93.9%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 한편, 미확인 성게종들은 새치성게의 mitochondrial 12S rDNA의 일부 염기서열과 99.8%의 높은 상동성을 보였으며, 각 개체의 mitochondrial 12S rDNA를 통한 분자계통수 분석에 의해서 미확인 성게들은 새치성게의 형태적 변이로 판단된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1995

The case was described of a 31 year old female who developed fusiform swelling of the right third finger at the site of puncture by sea urchin spine. We observed a radiopaque linear material suggesting a remnant spine which the size was 2.4 mm in sonography and mammography. We confirmed that it exhibits a urchin spine and distinct caseous necrosis with central calcification. Sea urchins(Echinoidea) are ubiquitous marine creatures that resemble pincushions and are covered by calcareous skeletons surrounded by numerous movable calcium carbonate spines. The sharp spines are brittle and easily detach when touched by the victim. Contact with sea urchin spines produces intense pain, some localized erythema and edema. Inflammation develops in response to retained fragments. Granulomas 1-5 mm in diameter develop rarely 2-12 months after envenomation. In treatment, hot water immersion and thorough wound cleansing are advisable. Analgesics may, be necessary after hot water immersion. Attempts to remove these spines should be performed with good lighting sources, preferably with radiological direction. Chronic granulomas usually require complete excision. Acetone has been suggested for rapid resolution of pain. No antidotes are available.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released by cells. EVs act as messengers for cell-to-cell communication. Inside, it contains various substances that show biological activity, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. The study of EVs extracted from terrestrial organisms and stem cells on inflammatory environments and tissue regeneration have been actively conducted. However, marine organisms-derived EVs are limited. Therefore, we have extracted EVs from sea urchins belonging to the Echinoderm group with their excellent regenerative ability. First, we extracted extracellular matrix (ECM) from sea urchin gonads treated with hypotonic buffer, followed by collagenase treatment, and filtration to collect ECM-bounded EVs. The size of sea urchin gonad-derived EVs (UGEVs) is about 20-100 nm and has a round shape. The protein content was higher after EVs burst than before, which is evidence that proteins are contained inside. In addition, proteins of various sizes are distributed inside. PKH-26 was combined with UGEVs, which means that UGEVs have a lipid membrane. PHK-26-labeled UGEVs were successfully uptaken by cells. UGEVs can be confirmed to have the same characteristics as traditional EVs. Finally, it was confirmed that Schwann cells were not toxic by increasing proliferation after treatment.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 신방오도료 Diuron과 Irgarol이 해양 무척추동물인 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)에게 미치는 독성영향을 10min-수정률과 64 h-정상 유생발생률의 EC₅₀, NOEC, LOEC 값을 통하여 확인하였으며, 해당 오염물질이 H. pulcherrimus의 초기발생단계에 미치는 지연효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 실험결과, Diuron과 Irgarol은 시험농도(40mg L^-1)에서 H. pulcherrimus의 수정률에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 정상 유생발생률에 대한 EC₅₀값은 각각 7.12mg L^-1, 2.31mg L^-1로 나타났다. 또한, 수정란이 pluteus 유생으로 발달하는 과정에서 반수영향농도의 Diuron과 Irgarol의 노출 경과시간이 18 h에 도달하면, early gastrular stage로의 발달이 지연되기 시작하여, 24 h에서부터 유의미한 발달지연이 확인되었다. 이후 지속적인 발달지연이 관찰되어, Early gastrular-gastrular-early pluteus-pluteus로 이어지는 과정에서 발달지연이 나타났다. Diuron과 Irgarol은 잔류성이 높으며, 본 연구결과와 같이 무척추동물을 포함한 다양한 해양생물 군에 독성영향이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 해양 환경의 오염을 방지하고 보전하기 위하여, 관련된 규정의 마련을 통하여 환경보호 전략이 필요하다.