• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 2021

In engineering design, the axial equivalent elastic modulus of laminated FRP pipe was mostly calculated by the average elastic modulus method or the classical laminated plate theory method, which are based on relatively simplified assumptions, and may be not accurate enough sometimes. A new analytical calculation method for the axial equivalent elastic modulus of laminated FRP pipe was established based on three-dimensional stress state. By comparing the results calculated by this method with those by the above two traditional analytical methods and the finite element method, it is found that this method for the axial equivalent elastic modulus fits well not only for thin-walled pipes with orthotropic layers, but also for thick-walled pipes with arbitrary layers. Besides, the influence of the layer stacking on the axial equivalent elastic modulus was studied with this method. It is found that a proper content of circumferential layer is beneficial for improving the axial equivalent elastic modulus of the laminated FRP pipe with oblique layers, and then can reduce its material quantity under the premise that its axial stiffness remains unchanged. Finally, the meso-mechanical mechanism of this effect was analyzed. The improving effect of circumferential layer on the axial equivalent elastic modulus of the laminated FRP pipe with oblique layers is mainly because that, the circumferential fibers can restrain the rigid body rotations of the oblique fibers, which tend to cause the significant deformations of the pipe wall units and the relatively low axial equivalent elastic modulus of the pipe.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.453-461
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• 2022

This study designed a research model to analyze the relationship between organizational commitment and work performance for outsourcing workers. The path relationship was analyzed using the PLS-SEM of the sample collected through the survey. As a result of the study, organizational support perception had a direct effect on the work performance of outsourcing workers, and the company commitment and customer company commitment had a mediating effect. In addition, it was confirmed that the workers showed dual commitment to the company and the customer company, and the organizational commitment to both companies was complementary. It was also suggested that the outsourcing company's organizational support activities are more important for improving the work performance of workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.813-819
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• 2007

Physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cakes using 2 kinds of domestic wheat flour(white flour, whole wheat flour) and imported cake flour were investigated. In the proximate analysis, white flour had higher contents of water and protein compared with those of imported flour. Whole wheat flour had the highest contents of protein, lipid and ash. Regarding the batter, imported flour sample showed lower specific gravity and higher viscosity than those of domestic flour sample, implying that there was more air incorporation and higher batter stability. As a result, imported flour batter produced larger cake compared to that of domestic flour batter. But indexes of symmetry and uniformity showed no significant difference among the samples. In textural analysis using rheometer, cakes with imported flour were softer compared with that with domestic flour. In gumminess and brittleness, cakes with domestic white flour showed the highest value while that with the imported flour showed the lowest value. For the color measurements of cake crumb, no significant difference in DE was found among the samples. Regarding the cross-sections of the cake observed using SEM, imported flour produced cake with smaller and more even air cells compared to that with the domestic flour cake. In sensory evaluation, cakes with the domestic white flour showed the highest moistness value. But there was no significant difference in springiness, firmness, adhesiveness and ease of swallow among the samples. In conclusion, cakes with domestic white flour and whole wheat flour were as good as that with imported cake flour for the sponge cake preparation.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-86
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• 2005

This study examined whether the efforts of department store for recovering services may be perceived fairly from the standpoint of customers upon any occurrence of service failure, whether such perceived justice contributes to higher customer satisfaction and trust, and whether such customer satisfaction and trust have positive influence on store loyalty of customers, respectively. For this sake, this study investigated relevant literatures, set up some hypotheses to solve main questionable considerations and made a corresponding empirical analysis. For empirical analysis, a questionnaire survey was applied to total 204 customers who experienced in service recovery around domestic major department stores in the last one(1) year. With regard to empirical analysis to verify some hypotheses hereof, this study verified the reliability and validity of each questionnaire item by means of statistical programs like SPSS 10,0 and AMOS 4.0, followed by verifying hypotheses through SEM(structural equation modeling) analysis. These results indicate that positive efforts of department stores for service recovery upon their service failure may bring customer satisfaction and trust in department store, which result in boosting up store loyalty of customers. In this empirical study, it was notably demonstrated that despite any occurrence of service failure, the corresponding efforts of department stores to improve the level of justice perceived by customers in course of service recovery, had positive effects on better customer satisfaction, trust and store loyalty, and these effects induced customer's continuous repurchase, positive WOM(word of mouth) and recommendation about the use of appropriate department store, which may contribute to better its competitive edge.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and behavioral intention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between conflicts, organizational citizenship behaviors, and behavioral intentions in order to achieve research objectives. Based on this study, hypotheses were established and the implications and implications of these results were sought. First, the relationship conflicts of hotel employees have significant relationship to organizational citizenship behavior. Second, the relationship conflicts of hotel employees have a meaningful relation to the behavioral intention. Third, organizational citizenship behavior of hotel employees has a meaningful relationship with behavioral intention. As the results show, the company seeks for profit but it is also another way for employees to stay in one job and to make an opportunity to contribute value to the company. As the relationship between the individual conflicts, organizational citizenship behaviors, and behavioral intentions, how to solve the conflict problem is the task of the hotel company based on the human resources. Future research and limitations are needed for the efficiency of this study, but it is necessary to specify samples and specimens through an in-depth review of the specimens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.395-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, burnout, and organizational commitment in airline context. In this study, 2 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. Questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 163 flight attendants was surveyed and 153 usable questionnaires were analyzed. According to the literature review, emotional labor was divided into 'surface acting' and 'deep acting'. Burnout, on the other hand, was categorized into the following variables: 'emotional exhaustion', 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment' accordingly. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor has no effect on 'emotional exhaustion' while emotional labor has negative effects on 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment'. Secondly, 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishments'' factor have negative effects on organizational commitment while 'emotional exhaustion' has no effect on organizational commitment. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'. Consulting system should also be conducted to reduce burnout and systematic procedure is also needed to induce positive results from burnout.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2019

This study was conducted to expand the distribution of new technology efficiently by analyzing the structure relationship based on the innovation resistance model and partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM). This study selected innovative propensity, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, risk, and extension service consisting of educational, technical, and funding services as factors affecting innovation resistance. This study constructed a questionnaire that measured 11 factors including acceptance intention of new technology using 33 indicators. Data was from April to October, 2017, targeting 180 farmers who did not join in projects to spread new technologies of the Rural Development Administration. Results showed the factors positively and significantly affecting innovation resistance include complexity and risk. Innovative propensity did not have any effect on innovation resistance. However, it positively affected acceptance intention of new technology. The service of the extension organizations had a negative effect on innovation resistance, but did not affect acceptance intention of new technology. This study suggests that extension services should promote activities such as education, consulting, publicity and pilot projects related with new technologies in order to minimize the antipathy toward new agricultural technologies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

This study empirically analyzed the effect of SME representative competency on account receivable management and management performance using questionnaire data. The research model was confirmed through EFA, reliability analysis, CFA, and model fit, and the hypothesis was verified with a SEM. As a result, representative's manager competency had a positive(+) effect on account receivable management, and entrepreneurial competency had a negative(-) effect on credit control management. Account receivable management had a positive(+) effect on management performance. In the mediating test, credit sales management had a positive(+) effect but credit control management had a negative(-) effect on the effect between entrepreneurial competence and business performance. The result suggests that representative competency is an important factor and it is necessary to cultivate management competencies such as finance, utilization of management resources, and account receivables knowledge to improve management performance, and to manage account receivable based on insurance and customer credit for stable account receivable management. In the future, research on the impact of external factor such as consulting and government support and the account receivable management is required.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.350-362
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• 2020

In this study, nano Fe°-impregnated biochar (INPBC) was prepared using pruning residues and one-pot synthetic method and evaluated its performance as an amendment agent for the stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil. For the preparation of INPBC, the mixture of pruning residue and Fe (III) solution was heated to 220℃ for 3hr in a teflon-sealed autoclave followed by calcination at 600℃ under N₂ atmosphere for 1hr. As-prepared INPBC was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM. For the stabilization test of as-prepared INPBC, As-contaminated soils (Soil-E and Soil-S) sampled from agricultural sites located respectively near E-abandoned mine and S-abandoned mine in South Korea were mixed with different of dosage of INPBC and cultivated for 4 weeks. After treatment, TCLP and SPLP tests were conducted to determine the stabilization efficiency of As in soil and showed that the stabilization efficiency was increased with increasing the INPBC dosage and the concentration of As in SPLP extractant of Soil-E was lower than the drinking water standard level of Ministry of Environment of South Korea. The sequential fractionation of As in the stabilized soils indicated that the fractions of As in the 1st and 2nd stages that correspond liable and known as bioavailable fraction were decreased and the fractions of As in 3rd and 4th stages that correspond relatively non-liable fraction were increased. Such a stabilization of As shows that the abundant nano Fe° on the surface of INPBC mixed with As-contaminated soils played the co-precipitation of As leaching from soil by surface complexation with iron. The results of this study may imply that INPBC as a promising amendments for the stabilization of As-contaminated soil play an important role.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2013

In the service-oriented economy, knowledge and skills are considered core resources to secure competitive advantages and service innovation. Knowledge management capability, which facilitates to produce, share, accumulate and reuse knowledge, becomes as important as knowledge itself to create service value. Along with knowledge management capability, dynamic capability and operational capability are the key capabilities related to managing service delivery processes. Previous studies indicated that these three capabilities are related to service innovation. Although separately investigate the relationship between the three capabilities. The purpose of this study is 1) to define variables that have effects on service innovation including knowledge management capability, dynamic capability and operational capability, and 2) to empirically test to identify relationship among variables. In this study, knowledge management capability is defined as the capability to manage knowledge process. Dynamic capability is regarded as the firm's ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments. Operational capability refers to a high-level routine that, together with its implementing input flows, confers upon an organization's management a set of decision options for producing significant outputs of a particular type. The proposed research model was tested against the data collected through the survey method. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the managers who participated in an educational program for management consulting. Each individual who answered the questionnaire represented a knowledge based service firm. About 212 surveys questionnaires were sent via e-mail or directly delivered to respondents. The number of useable responses was 93. Measurement items were adapted from previous studies to reflect the characteristics of the industry each informant worked in. All measurement items were in, 5 point Likert scale with anchors ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Out of 93 respondents, about 81% were male, 82% of respondents were in their 30s. In terms of jobs, managers were 39.78%, professions/technicians were 24.73%, researchers were 12.90%, and sales people were 10.75%. Most of respondents worked for medium size enterprises (47,31%) in their, less than 30 employees (46.24%) in their number of employees, and less than 10 million USD (65.59%) in terms of sales volume. To test the proposed research model, structural equation modeling (SEM) technique (SPSS 16.0 and AMOS version 5) was used. We found that the three organizational capabilities have influence on service innovation directly or indirectly. Knowledge management capability directly affects dynamic capability and service innovation but indirectly affect operational capability through dynamic capability. Dynamic capability has no direct impact on service innovation, but influence service innovation indirectly through operational capability. Operational capability was found to positively affect service innovation. In sum, three organizational capabilities (knowledge management capability, dynamic capability and operational capability) need to be strategically managed at firm level, because organizational capabilities are significantly related to service innovation. An interesting result is that dynamic capability has a positive effect on service innovation only indirectly through operational capability. This result indicates that service innovation might have a characteristics similar to process innovation rather than product orientation. The results also show that organizational capabilities are inter-correlated to influence each other. Dynamic capability enables effective resource management, arrangement, and integration. Through these dynamic capability affected activities, strategic agility and responsibility get strength. Knowledge management capability intensify dynamic capability and service innovation. Knowledge management capability is the basis of dynamic capability as well. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed further in the conclusion section.