• Title/Summary/Keyword: S. fusca.

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New Record for Alien Plant of Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia and a Taxonomic Identification of D. fusca subsp. fascicularis in Korea (한반도 미기록 외래식물 좀갯드렁새와 갯드렁새의 분류학적 실체)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Seok;Sim, Sunhee;Lee, Wunggi;Park, Sung-Ae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.130-137
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    • 2020
  • We found Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, an unrecorded alien plant, in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do and Ganghwa-gun, Incheon Metropolitan City. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is native to North America (the USA and Mexico), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua), the Caribbean (the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), and South America (Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay). It is reported as an invasive species worldwide. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is closely related to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow (Gaet-deu-reong-sae in Korean), an invasive species in Korea, and both are infraspecific taxa of the species D. fusca. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is distinguished from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis by the small size of its spikelets, glumes, and lemmas, with apex awnless. Its common name is "Jom-gaet-deu-reong-sae" based on the short spikelets. We found that D. fusca (≡Leptochloa fusca), previously known as "Gaet-deu-reong-sae", was misapplied. It is morphologically different from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis. Therefore, we changed the scientific name of Gaet-deu-reong-sae from D. fusca (≡L. fusca) to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis based on the type specimens, original descriptions, and recent studies.

Regulation of Growth and Metabolic Activities of Chlorella fusca by Release Products of Some Aquatic Fungi (수생균의 분비물질에 의한 Chlorella fusca의 성장 및 대사조절)

  • Hassan, S.K.M.;Fadl-Allah, E.M.;Kobbia, I.A.;Shoulkamy, M.A.
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.181-190
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    • 1990
  • The growth and biochemical activities of Chlorella fusca were studied in the presence of different concentrations of either filtrates or mycelial mats of Saprolegnia ferax and Pythium graminicola. Low concentrations of both fungal filtrates exerted increase in total count, dry weight and in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates and nitrogen content. High concentrations showed inhibitory effect on both growth and biochemical activities of Chlorella fusca. Supplementation with different concentrations of dry mycelial mats of either fungi the culture of Chlorella showed elevation in biomass, dry weight, and biosynthesis of carbohydrates and nitrogen content especially at low concentrations. The contents of photosynthetic pigment were inhibited only at low concentrations. Neither the culture filtrate of Pythium nor Saprolegnia had cellulolytic activity, although polygalacturonase enzymes were detected, whereas chloroform-extract of both fungal filtrates showed blue spots under long wave light (366 nm).

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Taxonomic Reappraisal of Sphacelaria rigidula and S. fusca (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae) Based on Morphology and Molecular Data with Special Reference to S. didichotoma

  • Keum, Yeon-Shim;Oak, Jung-Hyun;Draisma, Stefano G.A.;van Reine, Willem F. Prud'homme ;Lee, In-Kyu
    • ALGAE
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2005
  • The taxonomic status of three closely related species of the genus Sphacelaria, S. rigidula Kützing, S. fusca (Hudson) C.F Gray and S. didichotoma Saunders was reassessed on the basis of morphological observations from herbarium specimens and phylogenetic analysis of RUBISCO spacer sequences. Sphacelaria rigidula was characterized by having only 2-armed propagules and somewhat slender filaments. Culture experiments revealed that its propagules commonly formed secondary arms, even though they were rarely produced in the field. It is concluded that S. divaricata Montagne characterized by dichotomously branched arms in propagules shoud be synonymized with S. rigidula, based on propagule morphology and measurements. Sphacelaria fusca clearly be separated from S. rigidula by having 2-4 armed propagules. These morphological differences were highly supported by the differences in the RUBISCO spacer sequences. S. didichotoma resembles S. rigidula in having propagules with two dichotomously branched arms. However, it commonly produces the secondary arms in the field. Additionally, this species has shorter primary arms than S. rigidula. Phylogenetic analyses supported the distinction of S. didichotoma from S. rigidula. The northwestern Pacific plants, previously recorded as S. divaricata, were recognized as S. didichotoma.

Disease Resistance Test Method of Cucumber Powdery Mildew(Sphaerotheca fusca) Using A Leaf Disk Assay (잎절편 (Leaf disk)을 이용한 오이 횐가루병 (Sphaerotheca fusca)에 대한 내병성 검정법)

  • Lee, Yong-Hwan;Seo, Jong-Bun;Choi, Kyong-Ju;Park, In-Jin;Yang, Won-Mo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.78-81
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    • 2004
  • The resistance of 10 varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fusca, was evaluated by a leaf disk assay. Leaf disks (10 mm in diameter) were removed from fully expanded leaves and then placed in petri dishes containing 0.16% water agar amended with benzimidazole. Leaf disks were inoculated by dropping a 10 $\mu$l of conidia suspension. Conidiophore formation of powdery mildew was the greatest at $25^{\circ}C$. The response of the host to powdery mildew, based on the inoculation onto disks of the first leaf, highly correlated with results obtained from harvesting stage of cucumber plants in greenhouse test (r = 0.99$^{**}$). It is indicating that a leaf disk assay may precisely predict the response of cucumber plant to S. fusca.a.

A Morphological Study on the Androconia of the Lycaenidae(Insecta: Lepidoptera)in Korea (한국산 부전나비과(곤충강:나비목)의 발향린에 관한 형태학적 연구)

  • 이종욱;류성만;이미경
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 1998
  • To know whether there is any androconia on Korean Lycaenidae, studies were carried out with Korean Lycaenid butterflies for their types and distribution pattern with the aid of scanning electron microscope. As the results, androconia was observed from 8 species; Niphanda fusca (B. et G.), Pseudozizeeria maha (K.), Zizina otis (F.), Everes argiades (P.), Celasrtina argiolus (L.), Maculinea arionides (S.), M. teleius (B.) and Lycaeides argyronomon (B.). Androconia was not found only from males, and it was observed on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of fore wings and on ventral surface of hind wings. Androconia was found to be distributed mainly on the area between the median and anal venis. General structure of androconia on Korean Lycaenids was rather simple with laminar and foot stalk. However, 2 types of androconia were observed from 2 species, Pseudozizeeria maha and Everes argiades, while only one type was observed from other 6 species. The foot stalks of androconia on Niphanda fusca under the tribe Niphandini is located on the ventral surface of laminar and hidden from dorsal view, while one end of that on all other 7 species belong to the tribe Polyommatini is attached to the lower side of laminar and shown from both side.

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Germination Characteristics of Diplachne fusca seeds (갯드렁새(Diplachne fusca) 종자의 발아특성에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, K.S.;Hwang, I.T.;Kim, S.E.;Choi, J.S.;Lee, B.H.;Cho, K.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.183-187
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    • 1995
  • The germination characteristics of Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. seeds were investigated under different seed storage conditions to find out reliable system for maintaining the seeds with high and uniform germination rate and thus for possible use of the seeds in herbicide screening with a continuous seed supply. When the seeds were stored under wet-low temperature($4^{\circ}C$) condition, the germination rate was 88% after 4-week-storage. The germination rate slightly declined after the storage for longer than 3 months. Dry seeds stored at room temperature exhibited very low germination rate. The wet-low temperature treatment was effective for inducing the germination of the seeds which had been stored under dry-room temperature condition for 4 months. The germination rate was 70% after 2-week- storage under the wet-low temperature condition. The germination rate was much higher under an alternate temperature condition than under a continuous temperature condition. The optimum temperature was 35/$25^{\circ}C$(14/10hrs). The seeds had a capability to germinate under NaCl-treated condition even at a concentration of 1.0%, whereas the germination of Echinochloa crus-galli seeds was completely inhibited by 0.5% NaCl. This result indicates that D. fusca has an advantage over E. crus-galli to survive in reclaimed 1and from the sea.

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Protoplast Production from Sphacelaria fusca (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae) Using Commercial Enzymes

  • Avila-Peltroche, Jose;Won, Boo Yeon
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.50-58
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    • 2020
  • Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H2O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 104 protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.

Outbreak of Powdery Mildew on Zinnia elegans by Golovinomyces cichoracearum in Korea, 2008-2010

  • Park, Mi-Jeong;Park, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Hong-Gi;Lee, Soon-Gu;Koh, Young-Jin;Kim, Byung-Sup;Cha, Byeong-Jin;Lee, Hyang-Burm;Shin, Hyeon-Dong
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.85-88
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    • 2011
  • Podosphaera fusca (syn. Sphaerotheca fusca, S. fuliginea) is a causal agent of powdery mildew infections on Zinnia elegans, and has been documented in Korea since 1967. An outbreak involving about 1,000 plants in October 2008, in Yangpyeong, Korea, was caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Further surveys of zinnia powdery mildew from 2008-2010 confirmed the widespread occurrence of Zinnia-Golovinomyces association in Korea. Chasmothecia of this fungus have not been found on Z. elegans in Korea. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer rDNA from five Korean collections confirmed the powdery mildew as G. cichoracearum. Comparison with the those from GenBank revealed 100% identity with sequences from zinnia powdery mildew, forming a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support, and with those of G. cichoracearum parasitic on the hosts belonging to the tribe Heliantheae of the family Asteraceae.

Antagonistic Assay of Bacillus spp. for Eco-friendly Biological Control of Melon Powdery Mildew (멜론 흰가루병 친환경 생물적 방제를 위한 Bacillus속 균의 길항력 평가)

  • Park, Myung Soo;Lee, Moon Haeng;Lee, Eun Mo;Yun, Hae-Kuen;Kim, Sung Eok;Jeon, Nak Beom
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2018
  • Melon powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fusca, is one of the serious diseases of melon plant in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the effect of selected antagonistic bacteria on the inhibition of mycelial growth of various plant pathogens, and control of melon powdery mildew. Based on the 16S rDNA and gyrA gene sequences, the selected antagonistic bacteria, M09, M70, and M99-1, were identified as Bacillus velezensis. These bacteria not only inhibited the mycelial growth of 47~69% in various plant pathogens, but also significantly reduced the incidence of powdery mildew. The three strains selected in this study could be used as potential biological control agents for various plant diseases as well as melon powdery mildew.

Notes on Powdery Mildew of Dahlia in Korea (다알리아 흰가루병균에 관한 소고)

  • Shin, Hyeon-Dong;Lee, Hyun-Tae
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.27 no.3 s.90
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    • pp.234-236
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    • 1999
  • Sphaerotheca fuliginea has previously been recorded as a powdery mildew fungus on dahlia (Dahlia pinnata) in Korea. Six collections of the dahlia mildew by the authors since 1993, however, show that the fungus does not contain conspicuous fibrosin bodies and has sinuate edge lines on conidiophores. These characters clearly indicate that the fungus causing the powdery mildew on dahlia in Korea is Erysiphe cichoracearum. On the other hand, one plant of dahlia grown in a pot was found to be infected with S. fusca (= S. fuliginea s. lat.). It is supposed to be unusual. Therefore, two species of dahlia mildew fungi are distributed and E. cichoracearum is the main cause of dahlia mildew in Korea.

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