• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.392-399
• /
• 2009

녹차는 생리활성의 촉진작용뿐아니라 항암, 항산화, 고혈압 억제효과, 체중조절 등 다방면의 약리효과를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 아울러, 녹차의 항균 및 항진균 작용에 관한 연구결과도 발표되고 있으나, 항균작용 기작에 접근한 기초 연구는 별로 많지 않다. 본 연구는 식품변패미생물에 대한 녹차추출물의 항균작용을 구명하는 기초자료를 획득하는데 그 목적이 있다. 녹차추출물의 항균력을 조사한 결과, $500{\mu}g/mL$ 이상의 농도에서 뚜렷한 항균활성을 보였고, 광역의 병원성 및 부패성 미생물들에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 녹차추출물의 항균물질은 넓은 범위의 온도($40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$) 및 pH($3{\sim}11$)에서 안정성을 나타냈다. 따라서 녹차추출물의 항균물질은 항균활성이 높고, 항균 대상 미생물의 분야가 광범위할 뿐아니라, 넓은 범위의 온도 및 pH에 안정하여 이상적인 천연 항균제로서의 개발가능성을 제시하였다. 아울러, 녹차추출물의 항균작용을 알기 위하여, 녹차추출물 처리가 미생물 세포막 기능에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 녹차추출물의 주요 작용기작은 세포막 perturbation에 기인한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2006

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dna2 helicase/endonuclease는 진핵세포 DNA 복제과정의 Okazaki fragment processing에서 RNA primer를 제거하는데 필수적인 역할을 한다. Genome-wide scale의 면역침전 실험결과, 기능이 알려져 있지 않은 단백질인 YHR122W가 Dna2 단백질과 상호작용한다고 예측되었다 (1). 본 연구에서는 이를 확인하기 위하여 YHR122W 유전자를 효모에서 과량발현시킨 결과, $dna2\Delta405N$ 돌연변이의 온도감수성 표현형이 억제되는 유전학적 상호작용을 관찰하였다. YHR122W 단백질이 Dna2 단백질과 직접적인 삼호작용을 하는지 확인하기 위하여 YHR122W를 대장균에서 재조합 단백질로 발현시키고 단백질을 정제하였다. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay를 통한 분석에서 YHR122W 단백질과 Dna2 단백질 사이의 상호작용을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라 YHR122W-Dna2 상호작용은 생리적 염도인 150 mM NaCl농도에서 가장 강한 결합을 보였다. 이러한 유전학적 상호작용과 물리적인 상호작용은 YHR122W가 생체내에서 Dna2의 기능과 밀접한 연관이 있을 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2017

대부분의 Proteobacteria에 존재하는 질소 인산전달계는 다양한 세포내 조절에 관여하는 cascade이다. 이들은 ptsP 유전자에 의해 암호화되는 $EI^{Ntr}$, ptsO에 의해 암호화되는 NPr, ptsN에 의해 암호화되는 $EIIA^{Ntr}$로 이루어져 있다. 이들 중 $EIIA^{Ntr}$은 $K^+$ 농도 조절, ppGpp 농도 조절, 질소와 탄소 대사, ABC transporter의 조절 등 다양한 세포내 조절과정에 관여하지만, NPr의 생리적 기능에 대해서는 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 최근의 한 논문은 대장균에서 탈인산화된 NPr이 세포막 스트레스 반응에 관여한다는 사실이 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는 NPr과 관련된 새로운 표현형을 제공한다. ptsP 유전자가 결손된 균주는 filamentation 표현형을 나타내었다. ptsP 결손균주의 이런 표현형은 ptsO 유전자의 추가적인 결실에 의해 사라졌지만, ptsN 유전자의 추가적 소실에 의해서는 유지되었다. 이는 ptsP 결손균주의 filamentation 표현형이 탈인산화된 NPr의 증가 때문에 나타났음을 나타낸다. 이런 생각은 야생종에서 탈인산화된 NPr이 증가되었을 때 filamentation 표현형을 나타낸다는 사실을 통해 확증되었다. 또한 탈인산화된 NPr의 양이 증가함에 따라 대장균의 세포 길이가 점진적으로 증가한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 탈인산화된 NPr이 대장균의 형태적 변화를 유도함을 시사한다.

• 복식
• /
• 제36권
• /
• pp.239-262
• /
• 1998

The pursuit of freedom by the individual--desire to be liberated from all forms of restrictions-- is one of the defining character-istic of the modern society. As costume is, in part, a product of the spirit of the times, it was only natural that this desire for freedom would find its expression in modern costume as well. Among various forms of restrictions, differentiaton by sex has placed one of the most significant binding influences on individual behavior. From early times, the dichotomous division by sex was incorporated into the disign of costume, and the traditional differestriction of costume by sex imposed a significant restriction on the background,“the modern androhynous look”was born as a by-product of the sexual liberation movement in the second half of the 20th century, based on the concept of the individual as a complete human being rather than as a member exclusively of either the male or the female sex. This paper seeks to examine the androgynous look within a coherent theoretical frame-work, and explore new design possibilities by analyzing and understanding the visual characteristics of the androgynous look. In addition, this paper seeks to define the functional aspects of the androgynous look based on the premise that costume is an embodiment of the spirit of the times. As for research methodology, both theoretical and historical methods are employed. Through a theoretical examination of historical documents, the meaning of the androgynous look is explored from various angles, and order to examine its place in modern fashion, an-drogynous styles are categorized and system atically analyzed. The main findings of the paper can be summarized as follows : 1. Androgyny is a compound word consisting of“andro-”(meaning man) and“gyn-”(meaning woman). In modern times, this word has been associated with the socio-cultural aspect of gender rather than the physical or physiological aspect with the pshchological characteristics of the male and female sexes. Androgynous styles also appear in fashion and general arts such as drama, film, dance, and music. In fashion, the androgynous look, represented by the visual superimposition of “masculine”and “faminine”elements, has emerged as a major element of the 20th-century costume, and has gained broad acceptance among those free spirits wishing to be liberated from the conventional conceptions of male clothing, and the unisex look. 3. The androgynous look in modern fashion reflects the spirit of the 20th century society and culture, and performs various functions as follows : expression of fun, change in gender roles, expression of the inner consciousness, and pursuit of the ideal human type.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제40권12호
• /
• pp.954-965
• /
• 2017

Mammalian genomes are well established, and highly conserved regions within odorant receptors that are unique from other G-protein coupled receptors have been identified. Numerous functional studies have focused on specific conserved amino acids motifs; however, not all conserved motifs have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we identified a highly conserved 18 amino acid sequence motif within transmembrane domain seven (CAS-TM7) which was identified by aligning odorant receptor sequences. Next, we investigated the expression pattern and distribution of this conserved amino acid motif among a broad range of odorant receptors. To examine the localization of odorant receptor proteins, we used a sequence-specific peptide antibody against CAS-TM7 which is specific to odorant receptors across species. The specificity of this peptide antibody in recognizing odorant receptors has been confirmed in a heterologous in vitro system and a rat-based in vivo system. The CAS-TM7 odorant receptors localized with distinct patterns at each region of the olfactory epithelium; septum, endoturbinate and ectoturbinate. To our great interests, we found that the CAS-TM7 odorant receptors are primarily localized to the dorsal region of the olfactory bulb, coinciding with olfactory epithelium-based patterns. Also, these odorant receptors were ectopically expressed in the various non-olfactory tissues in an evolutionary constrained manner between human and rats. This study has characterized the expression patterns of odorant receptors containing particular amino acid motif in transmembrane domain 7, and which led to an intriguing possibility that the conserved motif of odorant receptors can play critical roles in other physiological functions as well as olfaction.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.805-817
• /
• 2009

This study was to investigate central localization of neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints(Wijung, $BL_{40}$) and neurons of immunoreactive to hormones and hormone receptors regulating urinary bladder function by using peudorabies virus(PRV). In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to trace central localization of urinary bladder-related neurons and urinary bladder-related acupoints($BL_{40}$) which can regulate urinary system. PRV was injected into the urinary bladder and acupoints($BL_{40}$) related urinary system. After six days survival of rats, mainly common labeled neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were identified in spinal cord, medulla, pons and diencephalon by PRV immunohistochemical staining method. First-order PRV labeled neurons projecting to urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled preganglionic neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in the lateral horn area(sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lamina V-X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting to urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$) was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus of tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the paraventricular nucleus and a few ones were in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, perifornical nucleus, periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the frontal cortex, 1,2 area, hind limb area, agranular insular cortex. Immunoreactive neurons to Corticotropin releasiing factor(CRF), Corticotropin releasiing factor-receptor(CRF-R), c-fos and serotonin were a part of labeled areas among the virus-labeled neurons of urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$). The commonly labeled areas were nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), locus coeruleus, A5 cell group, Barrington,s nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, frontal cortex 1, 2 area, hind limb, and perirhinal(agranular insular) cortex. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of urinary bladder-relate organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints. These commonly labeled areas often overlap with the neurons connected with hormones and hormone receptors related to urination.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 2009

For standardization of LMK02 quality, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelica gigas Nakai in the constituents of LMK02 were estimated as indicative components. From LMK02 water extract, has been used in vitro test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide ($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We determined that oligomer amyloid-${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) have a profound attenuation in the increase in rat hippocampus H19-7 cells from. Experimental evidence indicates that LMK02 protects against neuronal damage from cells, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using a hippocampus cell line on $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that LMK02 inhibits formation of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. In the Red Ginseng, the average amounts of Ginsenoside Rg3 were $47.04{\mu}g/g$ and $42.3{\mu}g/g$, 90 % of its weight were set as a standard value. And, in the Angelica gigas Nakai, the average amounts of Decursin were 2.71 mg/g and 2.44mg/g, 90 % of its weight were also set as a standard value. The attenuated $A{\beta}$ oligomer in the presence of LMK02 was observed in the conditioned medium of this $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced cells under in vitro. In the cells, LMK02 significantly activated antiapoptosis and decreased the production of ROS. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of LMK02 treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.433-437
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to measure circumference of four body parts of each Sasang groups with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and evaluate its usefulness for Sasang type diagnostic test. We obtained the circumference measures of neck (CN), chest (CC), waist (CW), and hip (CH) of 91 college students using BIA and standardized by sex and age. The validity of Sasang group prediction with CC was evaluated. The Tae-Eum group (104.87${\pm}$5.19, 108.47${\pm}$4.96, 116.00${\pm}$9.39, 110.4${\pm}$5.29. neck, chest, waist and hip, respectively) has significantly (p<0.001) bigger circumferences than So-Yang (97.79${\pm}$3.82, 100.02${\pm}$4.21, 101.02${\pm}$7.88, 101.95${\pm}$4.06) and So-Eum (95.63${\pm}$4.67, 96.93${\pm}$4.80, 97.63${\pm}$7.72, 99.86${\pm}$4.40) groups at very four measures. Discriminant functions with CC can be used for Tae-Eum Sasang type diagnostic test with 91.2% of overall Percentage Correctly Predicted (PCP). Tae-Eum type-specific sensitivity was 73.3% and Tae-Eum type-specific specificity was 94.7%. The strength and weakness of measurement and standardization methods for Sasang type diagnostic test, and the methods for the standardization of physical traits with sex and age were discussed. Our study showed distinctive physical features of Tae-Eum type and the usefulness of BIA for the Sasang type diagnosis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2009

작물 스트레스 내성 연구의 궁극적인 과제는 가진 형질을 극대화하여 생산량을 증대하고 외부의 환경적인 요소로부터 피해를 최소화하는 것이다. 따라서 작물의 다양한 외부 환경적 스트레스에 대응하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 특히 세포 내 신호전달 과정의 이차매개체인 칼슘에 대한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있지만 아직까지 많은 부분이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 모델식물인 애기장대를 이용하여 세포 내 칼슘의 주요 저장소인 액포로 칼슘을 수송하는 역할을 수행하는 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase의 형질전환 식물을 이용하여 세포 내 칼슘의 신호전달과 식물 생물학적 기능을 알아보았다. ACA11-GFP 유전자가 형질전환된 식물에서 흥미롭게도 ACA11 유전자가 발현 침묵됨으로써 세포 내 칼슘농도 항상성 조절과 신호전달 과정에 문제가 발생하고 세포질 내 활성산소가 증가되어 결국 형질전환체의 잎에서 HR과 같은 세포사멸을 유발한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.488-495
• /
• 2018

p53 유전자는 스트레스, DNA 손상, 저산소증 및 종양 발생에 대한 세포 반응의 전사 조절에서 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 최근에 발견된 다양한 종류의 p53의 생리 활성을 생각한다면 p53이 암 조절에 관여한다는 것은 놀랄만한 일이 아니다. 인간 암의 약 50%에는 p53 유전자의 돌연변이 또는 p53을 활성화시키는 기전의 결함을 통해 p53 단백질 기능의 불활성화가 나타난다. p53 기능의 이러한 장애는 p53 의존 반응으로부터 회피를 허용함으로써 종양의 진화에 결정적인 역할을 하게 된다. 최근의 많은 연구들은 p53의 돌연변이를 대폭 감소시키거나 p53의 종양 억제 기능을 복원하기 위하여 선택적인 저분자 화합물을 동정함으로써 p53의 돌연변이를 직접 표적하는 것에 초점을 두고 있다. 이들 저분자는 좋은 약물과 유사한 특성을 유지하면서 다양한 상호작용을 효과적으로 조절해야 한다. 이 중, p53의 음성조절인자 핵심인 MDM2의 발견은 p53과 MDM2 간의 상호작용을 차단하는 새로운 저분자 억제제의 설계를 제공하였다. 저분자 화합물 중 일부는 개념 증명 연구에서 임상 시험으로 옮겨졌으며 향후 맞춤형 항암제가 추가될 전망이다. 본 리뷰에서는 야생형 p53과 돌연변이 p53의 구조적 및 기능적 중요성과 p53을 직접 표적하는 치료제 개발, p53과 MDM2 간의 상호작용을 억제하는 화합물에 대하여 검토하였다.