• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 1999

Total 1,434 sera collected from 72 pig farms were tested for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies was 49.3% (707/727). Of 72 farms tested 59 (81.9%) farms had at least one or more than one pigs with PRRS virus antibodies. The seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibody varied with age. Seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibody in 1 to 30-day-old, 31 to 40-day-old, 41 to 50-day-old, 51 to 60-day-old, and over 61-day-old pig were 27.4%, 52.3%, 57.9%, 52.7%, and 68.2%, respectively. Gilt showed relatively higher seroprevalence (61.2%) than sow (29.2%) and boar (38.3%). In most farms, the infection of PRRS virus was chronic and confined to grower or finisher. This pattern of infection suggests that partial depopulation of the infected herds appears be one of the measures to eradicate the PRRS virus infection. High seroprevalence of the PRRS virus antibody in gilts and boars indicates that the infected gilts and boars in the breeding farms are the major source of the PRRS virus infection, and also play an important role in spreading the PRRS virus between fan mates or herds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acid additives to weaned piglet diets on the pH and volatile fatty acids of pig slurries. A total of 135 weaned 22 -day-old piglets (Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc) were used in this 56-d study. The three dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Control as a basal diet, (2) 1% amino acid additive and (3) 2% amino acid additive. Both pH and acetic acid values at 71 and 78 days were significantly different in all treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition, significant differences in propionic acid values were observed among treatment groups at 64 and 78 days (p<0.05). However, pH, acetic acid, and propionic acid values did not differ between 1% and 2% amino acid treatment groups. In conclusion, adding 1% and 2% amino acid to weaned piglet diets reduced the pH, acetic acid and propionic acid contents of pig slurries by acting as a probiotic. This may help formulate increase management strategies for improving the pig housing environment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Jasoeumja extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the Organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer (Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Jasoeumja extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Jasoeumja extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Jasoeumja extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Jasoeumja extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-79
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Heapyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer(nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Haepyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine$10^4M$ Was significantly inhibited by Heapyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine$10^4M$ was considerably inhibited by Haepyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydorxytrtrypptamine $10^4M$ was considerably inhibited by Haepyoyangjintang and haepyoejintang extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of samyootang and shinchulsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate it's mechanism The isolated were obtained as follows ; 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recored with Isometric transducer (nacro F-60) The resting tension was approximately 0.5g 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

We have developed a homemade particle inflow gun (PIG) system which has simple operation method, low price and high gene introduction efficiency into rice callus. Rice callus were inflowed with gold particles containing DNA of a plasmid, pIG121Hm, harboring intron GUS ($\beta$-glucuronidase) gene, NPTII gene and HPT gene. For optimal GUS transient expression, the effects of parameters on DNA delivery efficiency of the PIG system was investigated by scoring transient GUS expression. The highest number of blue spots was observed at 16 mM of spemidine and 1.5 M of calcium chloride, respectively. And the amount of gold particles required for the best GUD expression was 2 mg. Optimum GUS transient expression was observed at target distance of 12 cm and helium pressure of 3.5 bar (50 psi). Gene introduction efficiency of the PIG system was observed almost similar to that of the Biolistic Gun (Bio-Rad Company). Since PIG system is simple to operate and one doesn't need disposable accessaries, the PIG system can be easily applied to various replication experiments.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

In this research pig house facilities what are 3,029 houses hold over 1000 heads were surveyed by scale and province. Full-time farms hold over 1000 heads breed total 7,229,892 heads. And farms breed 2,386.9 heads averagely. Pig houses were constructed august 1995 averagely. Each of houses have $3,017.2\;m^2$ scale. The construction type of pig house was winch-curtain type 77.2% which was most popular, confined type 51.3%, litter type 7.4% and loft type 4.6%. The winch-curtain type was popular than windowless type in pig farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. But pig house construction type which have more than over 10,000 heads was windowless type more than winch-curtain type. Manure removing type was slurry 72.3% and scraper 38.5% in farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. Manure removing type was slurry 83.3% in farms which have over 10,000 heads. Proportion of roof type of pig house was slate 51.2%, panel 46.1%. But in middle or small farms, slate type was only 25.0%. Proportion of wall type of pig house was 41.9%, block 21.9%, concrete 7.6%, winch-curtain 6.3%, and bnck 5.9%. Ventilation type of pig house was natural winch 46.1%, mechanical windowless 69.8% and mixed type 53.1%. So, mechanical windowless type was popular than natural winch type. Especially the farm scale is bigger the mechanical widowless type was more. Utilization period of pig house was 8.1 years about automatic feeder, 8.3 years about waterer, 8.2 years about electric facilities and 9.0 years about floor material. Thus, almost of facilities were used at least 8 years.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1338-1344
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• 2016

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of different concentrations of extracts of hot air-dried ramie leaf (HR) and freeze-dried ramie leaf (FR) in 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. To analyze the effect on cell proliferation, cells were treated with $25{\mu}g/mL$ or $100{\mu}g/mL$ HR or FR extract for 2 days. Cell differentiation was evaluated by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and intracellular triglyceride content. Treatment with either HR or FR extracts inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. HR extract treatment inhibited the differentiation of both cell types more effectively than FR treatment. The extent of triglyceride accumulation decreased significantly in both cells following either HR or FR treatment. Furthermore, LPL activity significantly decreased after treatment with HR or FR extract. These results indicated that HR and FR extracts may inhibit proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. Further studies are needed to explore the anti-obesity effect of HR and FR extracts.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2011

In order to assess the performance of co-digester using pig slurry and food waste at the farm scale biogas production facility, the anaerobic facility that adopts the one-stage CSTR of 5 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ input scale was designed and installed under the conditions of the OLR of 2.33 kg $m^3\;day^{-1}$ and HRT of 30 days in an pig farmhouse. Several operation parameters were monitored for assessment of the process performance. The anaerobic facility was operated in three stages to compare the performance of the anaerobic co-digester. In the Stage I, that was fed with a mix of pig slurry to food waste ratio of 7:3 in the input volume, where input TS content was 4.7 (${\pm}0.8$) %, and OLR was 0.837-1.668 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. An average biogas yield observed was 252 $Nm^3\;day^{-1}$ with methane content 67.9%. This facility was capable of producing an electricity of 626 kWh $day^{-1}$ and a heat recovery of 689 Mcal day-1. In Stage II, that was fed with a mixture of pig slurry and food waste at the ratio of 6:4 in the input volume, where input TS content was 6.9 (${\pm}1.9$) %, and OLR was 1.220-3.524 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. The TS content of digestate was increased to 3.0 (${\pm}0.3$) %. In Stage III, that was fed with only pig slurry, input TS content was 3.6 (${\pm}2.0$) %, and OLR was 0.182-2.187 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. In stage III, TS and volatile solid contents in the input pig slurry were highly variable, and input VFAs and alkalinity values that affect the performance of anaerobic digester were also more variable and sensitive to the variation of input organic loading during the digester operation. The biogas produced in the stage III, ranged from 11.3 to 170.0 $m^3\;day^{-1}$, which was lower than 222.5-330.2 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ produced in the stage II.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.459-468
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventulation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The main results of the experiment are as follows : In the established temperature was sustained at the level of summer 24.8${\sim}$29.1$^{\circ}C$, winter 17.9${\sim}$23.1$^{\circ}C$ during the experimental period of enclosed growing-finishing pig house, and conventional growing-finishing pig house was at the lovel of summer 24.7${\sim}$32.3$^{\circ}C$, winter 14.5${\sim}$18.2$^{\circ}C$ during the experimental period respectively. As for the results of dertimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while the conventional pig house sustained of summer 9.3${\sim}$16.9 mg/$\ell$ level, enclosed growing-finishing pig house sustained of summer 7.9${\sim}$16.1 mg/$\ell$, and the latter one is lower than that of the conventional growing-finishing pig house. Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the active area of pigs in the enclosed growing and finishing pig house during winter was measured at 0 to 0.87 m/s at the 0.01 to 2.73 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for breeding pigs in summer, the pigs from the conventional pig house weighed 100.2kg, on the other hand, the pigs from enclosed growing-finishing pig house weighed 107.3 kg ; the differnce between the two kinds was about 7 kg. This was because the most adequate environment, which was not influenced by the exterior atmosphere, was offered to the pigs from enclosed growing-finishing pig house, and all of this could reduce pigs stress effectively.