• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2012

Objective : This study was performed to estimate the effects of OMC-2010 extract on cytokine production in mouse spleen cells. Methods : Mouse spleen cells were pre-treated with ethanol and water extract of OMC-2010 for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokines. Results : OMC-2010 ethanol extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. OMC-2010 water extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TNF-alpha, and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that both ethanol and water OMC-2010 extract could inhibit the TNF-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expression.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

Objective : We recently reported that OMC-2010 has an immuno-modulatory effects via inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-5. However, we did not find out which constituents play an important role in immuno-modulatory effect of OMC-2010. Thus, this study was performed to estimate the effects of constituents of OMC-2010 on cytokine production in mouse spleen cells, then ultimately reach to find out effective constituents regulating splenic cytokine production. Methods : Mouse spleen cells were pre-treated with water and ethanol extract of constituents of OMC-2010 such as Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), Pinellia ternata (PT), Citrus unshiu Markovich (CUM), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), Schisandra chinensis (SC). After 1 h, the cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokine productions. Results : The water extract of RG extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inTNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but the water extract of PT, CUM, GU, PG, and SC did not. The ethanol extract of RG, PT, and SC significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but the ethanol extract of CUM, GU, and PG did not. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that the water extract of RG and the ethanol extract of RG, PT, and SC inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-5, which means that the possible candidate of OMC-2010 water extract's action might be RG, and ethanol extract's action might be RG, PR, and SC.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

Objectives : We recently have reported that constituents of OMC-2010 have an immuno-modulatory effects via inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-5. In this study, based on previous data, we investigated the effects of combinations with each OMC constituents on splenocyte cytotoxicity, cytokine productions, and ovalbumin (OVA) induced experimental allergic asthma. Methods : Mouse splenocytes were pre-treated with ethanol extract of constituents of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), Pinellia ternata (PT), Schisandra chinensis (SC). We made 4 combinations using RG, PT, and SC (A;1:1:1, B;2:1:1, C;1:2:1, D;1:1:2). The cells were pretreated with A, B, C, or D for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $1{\mu}g/ml$) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokine productions. Then using effective combination from RG, PR and SC, we administrated the combination orally, then challenged with OVA to induce asthma. Then we analyzed the airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), lung histology and lung TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-5 mRNA. Results : A. B. C. and D did not showed significant cytotoxicity on splenocytes. Pre-treatment of A inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-5 significantly, but not B, C, and D. In experimental asthma, administration of A significantly inhibited the increase of AHR, lung damage, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-5 expression. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that inhibitory effects of the ideal combination with RG, PT and SC (1:1:1) could be applied to treatment of asthma and study of asthma mechanisms.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.57-80
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 개방형 정책조정방법이 사회적 포용의 영역에 도입된 이후, 과정의 변화와 정책효과에 대한 평가를 시도한다. 2000년 리스본이사회에서 결정된 개방형 정책조정방법의 정책도구들은 결과지향적인 신공공관리론과 과정지향적인 숙의적 다중질서라는 거버넌스이론을 배경으로 한다고 볼 수 있다. 역사적 변화과정을 살펴볼 때 결과지향적인 신공공관리론의 정책도구인 목표설정, 수범사례의 벤치마킹, 분권적 의사결정의 경우 애매하거나 아예 거부되었고, 제도적 틀을 넘지 못함으로써 효율성을 추구할 수 없었다. 아울러 규범적인 숙의적 다중질서이론이 제시하는 것처럼 학습을 위해 숙의와 상호검토를 추구하고 있으나, 실제 운영은 성찰적인 숙의과정에 미치지 못하고, 상호검토도 제도적 한계를 보임으로써 원활한 학습이 이루어지지 않는다. 10여 년간 개방형 정책조정방법이 집행되었지만 정책효과의 측면에서도 유의미한 결과를 찾을 수 없다. 그렇지만 빈곤문제에 대한 인식이 변하고 시민사회가 활발하게 조직되어 참여가 확대되고 있는 점은 긍정적인 효과이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2010

This study evaluated SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of various quntity and kind of sunscreen ingredients which is used in O/W and W/O emulsion by systematic and quantitative approach. Octylmethoxycinnamate(OMC), Buthylmethoxydibenzoylmethan (BMDM), Octocrylene (OC), Octylsalicylate(OS), Octyl Triazone (OT), Titanium dioxide (TD) are used for the experiment. As a result, when different chemical sunscreen ingredients are added to OMC, the synergy effect of SPF was high in order of BMDM, OC, OS, OT. There was no significant difference in O/W and W/O emulsions. It can be a guide to use sunscreen ingredients effectively when the relation between the results of in vitro SPF and in vivo SPF is comprehended.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2017

아토피 피부염은 학령기 전과 후 아동에서 유병률이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 일반인뿐만 아니라 아토피 피부염 환자에서도 보완대체요법의 이용률이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 아토피 피부염 아동의 보완 대체요법에 대한 이용 실태를 파악하고 이에 대한 기초 근거를 마련하는데 있다. 연구 대상은 2010년 '서울시 아토피 천식 안심학교' 사업에 참여한 아동으로 6,800명의 아토피 피부염 아동 중에서 무응답을 제외하고 4,985명을 최종분석에 활용하였다. 독립변인은 연령, 가구 월 소득, 수면장애이었고 종속변인은 지난 12개월 동안의 병원 이용 경험, 한의원 이용 경험, 민간요법 이용 경험이었다. 연구결과, 병의원 치료 이용은 76.5%, 한의원(한방병원) 이용은 24.6%, 민간요법 이용은 62.3%, 한의원(한방병원)과 민간요법의 중복 이용은 2.1%, 병의원 치료와 민간요법의 중복 이용은 34.2%, 병의원 치료와 한의원(한방병원), 민간요법의 중복 이용은 18.8%이었다. 그리고 보완대체요법 이용에 영향을 미치는 변인으로는 연령, 가구 월 소득, 수면장애인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 일부 보호자들은 오랜 통념으로 민간요법이 더 효과적이고 안전하다고 인식하는 경향이 있다. 따라서 보완대체요법에 대한 장단점을 의료진과 상담한 후 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

The cemented sand and gravel (CSG) method is a construction technique that adds cement and water to rock-like materials, such as rivered gravel or excavation muck which can be obtained easily at areas adjacent to dam sites. This study was performed to evaluate the compaction and compressive strength properties of stress-strain, elastic modulus and fracture mode CSG materials reinforced polypropylene fiber. Polypropylene fiber widely used for concrete reinforcement is randomly distributed into cemented sand. The two types of polypropylene fiber (monofillament and fibrillated fiber) were used and fiber fraction ratio was 0, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 % and 0.8 % by the weight of total dry soil. The effect of fiber fraction ratio and fiber shape on compaction and compressive strength were investigated. The optimum moisture contents (OMC) of CSG material increased as fiber fraction increased and the dry density of CSG material decreased as fiber fraction. Also, the maximum increase in compressive strength was obtained at 0.4 % content of monofillament and fibrillated fiber. CSG material behaviour was controlled not only by fiber fraction but also fiber distribution, fiber shape and fiber type.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluate the anti-microbiological activity of paraben in eye shadows that are composed of pigments and oil binders using various analytical methods and microbiological tests. Paraben does not show the microbiological activity properly when it was used with Nylon SP$^{(R)}$ 10, Talc RF SSA$^{(R)}$, OMC Talc AS$^{(R)}$ and $BaSO_4$. In the test of fungi, Nylon SP$^{(R)}$ 10 causes the decrease of microbiological activity regardless of the type of oil binders. The pigment of Mango violet also causes the decrease of microbiological activity when ester oil binder was used. Regardless of the type of oil binder, samples containing nylon SP 10, 0.15% of methyl paraben and 0.05% of propyl paraben had not been able to maintain microbiological activity only if the concentration of parabens were increased. Trace amounts of metal ions present in pigments reduced the activity of preservatives by inactivation of hydroxyl group of paraben. It is thought that swollen nylon SP 10 in ester oil increase the absorption or interaction of parabens and swollen nylon powder causes the inactivation of paraben.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2010

현재 노상토의 특성평가를 위한 실내실험은 주로 충격다짐방법을 적용한 Proctor다짐(A다짐 또는 D다짐)이 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 현장의 경우 로울러를 이용한 압착형태의 다짐방법이 이용된다. 이러한 실내다짐방법과 현장다짐방법의 차이는 결국 실내실험으로부터 결정된 노상토의 물성치 적용시 상당한 오차를 포함함을 의미한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 선회다짐기를 이용한 흙의 다짐평가를 시행하였다. 선회다짐기는 교통하중에 의해 발생하는 아스팔트 혼합물의 현장 밀도를 실내에서 재현하기 위해 제작된 것으로 현장에서 얻어지는 골재입자의 배열과 유사하게 다진다는 장점이 있다. 하지만, 선회다짐기는 초기 아스팔트 시편 제작을 위해 설계되었기 때문에 흙의 다짐도 평가에는 몇 가지 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 선회다짐기를 이용하여 흙의 다짐시험을 할 때 발생되는 문제점을 파악하고, 그 해결방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 다짐압력, 다짐횟수, 다짐속도에 따른 다짐 전 후의 함수비 및 무게 차이를 비교하고, 다짐 후 함수비변화가 일어나지 않는 최대함수비를찾고, 다짐곡선 작도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.