• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-57
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• 2011

A feng-shui map is a kind of map that features such propitious positions as fortune-bringing spots or ideal grave sites. The map is a representation of the most ideal natural terrains in terms of feng-shui perspectives. This study did research on two feng-shui maps registered on some genealogical tables in order to see how the map was drawn up. In addition, the detailed characteristics of landform expressions like the frame of the map, viewpoints, center-oriented mapping, water flow, mountain theories were delved into. The results of the research are as follows: the feng-shui maps for this research used the techniques of double scale and aerial view, described terrains with grave sites in their centers, and enlarged important terrains compared with surroundings for exaggeration purposes. In addition, other vital landforms not observed from grave sites were depicted with viewpoints moved and were represented in fine details. The part of mountain theories had the following points as their main subject matter: geographical locations, overall orientations of mountain ranges, topographical traits, grave seat directions and surrounding terrains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Plantago asiatica as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose. the contents of proximate and anti oxidative nutrients of P. asiatica were measured. The contents of carbohydrate. crude protein. crude fat and crude ash are 63.71%, 18.75%, 1.67% and 6.48%, respectively And the calories and total dietary fiber of P. asiatica was 466.71 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 22.68%, respectively. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 4.815.22 mg and 6.591.04 mg, respectively. The K was the largest mineral followed by P, Ca, Mg, and Na, which means P. asiatica is alkali material. The EDA of P. asiatica was 59.32~70.30%, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. Total phenolic content of P. asiatica was $79.65{\mu}g/g$, and total flavonoids content was $4.43{\mu}g/g$. The P. asiatica extract showed the highest reducing power (3.5) at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Based on the above results, we deemed that the P. asiatica might have potential antioxidant activities. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in P. asiatica were also potential materials for good health food.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.146-157
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• 2007

Fishing villages have rich potential on account of serving as a base of fishing activities with various maritime ecosystem, culture and maritime resources as well. The object of the study is ports located in Gijang, Busan and it presents the overall development direction in ports within this area. Through systematic and well-planned developing small-sized ports, this research analyzes regional economic implications by improving settlement conditions for fishing villagers scattered around this area taking the ports' natural traits into consideration. The research correlates regional input output analysis by fishing port arrangement project with connection between inter-industries and inter-regions according to the model of input-output analysis and attempts to systematically analyze regional economic structure with the economic implication divided into production, employment and income, influenced upon by the change of political exogenous variable.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

In order to optimize process conditions for manufacturing retorted Kimchi soup by using stationary and rotary types systems were applied for sterilization process. For investigating the differences in heat penetration characteristics during sterilization, Kimchi soup was packed into retort pouches, and sterility ($F_0$ value) at various positions in the product was measured through a wireless $F_0$ sensor. Heat penetration characteristics were significantly affected by sterilization method. From data analysis, optimum ranges of sterilization temperature and time was determined to be $120.7^{\circ}C$, 13 min for rotary type and $120.7^{\circ}C$, 20 min for stationary type. At those conditions, they had similar sterility ($F_0$ value). The results showed that rotation provides faster heat penetration and more uniform sterility than various positions of the product. These results derived a lot of advantages from related industry. For instance, many of the more viscous semi-liquid products and heat sensitive natural products could be sterilized in the lager pouch sizes without overcooking or scorching. Hence, current study suggests that rotary type retort would make it possible not only to reduce processing times as 35~45%, but also to improve the quality of product as overall taste, flavor, color, and texture with significant difference (p<0.05).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis is classified as important quarantine Cerambycidae beetles worldwide. These beetles cause serious damage on natural host plants and export bonsai trees in Korea. We evaluated efficacy of phosphine fumigant for control of two Cerambycidae beetles in bonsai. In the preliminary test to achieve CT (Concentration x time) values of phosphine to Cerambyicdae beetles larvae, we used Monochamus alternatus of larvae as an alternative insect. A 24 h phosphine fumigation with $2g/m^3$ phophine achieved 100% eggs mortality against Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis. Larva of A. chinensis was also completely controlled when treated for 168-h at same dose desiccator. 100% mortality on larval stage of two beetle species were achieved both in dormancy (January) and vegetative period (February) of bonsai when treated with $2g/m^3$ phosphine. However, phosphine fumigation against vegetative period of Acer palmatum, Carpinus turczaninowii and Malus sieboldii bonsai showed slight phytotoxicity (shorten leaf and flower size and delayed flowering).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper was to identify the effects of elimination of entrance fee (EEF) affecting visitor's satisfaction (VS) and management sectors such as natural resources (NRs), park facilities, transportation, visitor service, visitor atmosphere (VA) in national parks (NPs). This research had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 336 visitors at Gayasan NP in 2006. The data were analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method. It was found that 1) About EEF, 72.6% of respondents agreed. 2) As entrance fee was abolished, respondents predicted that degree of VA such as crowding, waste throwing, disorder etc. grew worse most. On the other hands, respondents predicted number and quality of commercial lodging facilities, festival, and local products would improved. 3) Respondents predicted that degree of VS would worse. 4) in multiple regression analysis, the relative contribution of the VA on VS have been determined to have respectively 1.84 times more important than that of the change degree of NRs. The results suggested that the management of VA in NP was the most important factor to prevent decline of VS. This paper would be helpful to establish national park management policy after EEF.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-150
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• 2017

Zoysiagrass mite, Aceria zoysiae is one of the main turfgrass pests causing significant damage on zoysiagrass. In this study we investigated damage by zoysiagrass mite for the selection of zoysiagrass mite-resistance turfgrass individual in natural collected turfgrass isolates transplanted in genetic resources conservation area. In the results of investigation of 295 turfgrass isolates collected from Korea, damage level was different depending on turfgrass species and individuals. Zoysia japonica was highly damaged representing 97.6%, followed by hybrid zoysia and Z. sinica with damage percentages of 87.7% and 81.1% respectively. Additionally, 2 individuals of Z. macrostachya were also damaged by zoysiagrass mite. However several individuals were not damaged by zoysiagrass mite in green house and field. Damage by zoysiagrass mite was occurred from May and peak at after July in field. The study highlighted some important resistant turfgrass individuals which can be used in the management of zoysiagrass mite.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Curcuma longa L. (CL), a traditional medicinal plant, is well known as a functional food ingredient. The major component of CL is a curcumin of anthocyanin family that has multi-functions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. In this study, fermented milk containing CL was prepared using a mixed strain culture (Bifidobacterium bifidus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus), and its physicochemical properties were characterized. In addition, inflammatory cytokine-modulating effects of the fermented milk were also investigated. As regards the properties of fermented milk, the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk containing CL was found to be remarkably more rapid than control. During fermentation, caseins and whey proteins were observed to be partially hydrolyzed, and lactic acid and acetic acid were produced in larger amounts than in the control. The sensory score of fermented milk containing CL was lower than control, owing to its bitter taste and strong flavor. RAW 264.7 cells treated with CL fermented milk supernatant showed no cytotoxicity. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly produced by fermented milk with CL, compared to control. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased relative to the control. Results from the present study suggested that CL could be used as a natural immunomodulating ingredient for making yogurts, beverages, and other products.