• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2019

The activity concentrations of $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$, and $^{40}K$ from 102 building materials samples were determined using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations were evaluated for possible radiological hazards to the human health. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were also estimated, and the average values were recorded as $0.42{\pm}0.24{\times}10^{-3}$, $3.22{\pm}1.83{\times}10^{-3}$, and $3.65{\pm}1.85{\times}10^{-3}$ for outdoor, indoor, and total ELCR respectively. The activity concentrations were further subjected to RESRAD-BUILD computer code to evaluate the long-term radiation exposure to a dweller. The indoor doses were assessed from zero up to 70 years. The simulation results were $92{\pm}59$, $689{\pm}566$, and $782{\pm}569{\mu}Sv\;y^{-1}$ for indoor external, internal, and total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) respectively. The results reported were all below the recommended maximum values. Therefore, the radiological hazards attributed to building materials under study are negligible.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2999-3005
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• 2022

The new experimental setup has been built at the 11b channel of the IBR-2 research reactor at FLNP, JINR, to study the elemental composition of samples by registration of prompt gamma emission during thermal neutron capture. The setup consists of a curved mirror neutron guide and a radiation-resistant HPGe high-purity germanium detector. The detector is surrounded by lead shielding to suppress the natural background gamma level. The sample is placed in a vacuum channel and surrounded by a LiF shield to suppress the gamma background generated by scattered neutrons. This work presents characteristics of the experimental setup. An example of hydrogen concentration determining in a diamond powder made by detonation synthesis is given and on its basis, the sensitivity of the setup is calculated being ~4 ㎍.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2021

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photoaging, which represents skin damage, disrupts skin barrier function, and promotes wrinkle formation. We investigated that the polysaccharide extract of an edible basidiomycetous white jelly mushroom, Tremella fuciformis, (TF-Glucan^®) exhibited statistically photoprotective activity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and increasing collagen synthesis, and an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the concentrations of less than 1000 ㎍/ml, which is not cytotoxic (p < 0.05). Additionally, TF-Glucan^® increased the expression of involucrin and filaggrin to prevent the disruption of UVB-induced barrier function (p < 0.05). TF-Glucan^® was assessed as a safe material by the human primary skin irritation (1, 3, 5%), human repeated insult patch test (no sensitization at 5%), 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay (no phototoxicity, PIF < 2, MPE < 0.1), eye irritation test test by BCOP (no category, IVIS ≤ 3) and local lymph node assay (negative at 10, 25, 50%) for identifying potential skin sensitizing. These results suggest that TF-Glucan^® may be useful as an anti-photoaging ingredient for developing cosmeceuticals.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) account for approximately 45% of the human genome. TEs have proliferated randomly and integrated into functional genes during hominoid radiation. They appear as right-handed B-DNA double helices and slightly elongated left-handed Z-DNAs. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are widely distributed in human chromosomes at a ratio of 8%. They contain a 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3'-LTR structure. LTRs contain the U3 enhancer and promoter region, transcribed R region, and U5 region. LTRs can influence host gene expression by acting as regulatory elements. In this review, we describe the alternative promoters derived from LTR elements that overlap Z-DNA by comparing Z-hunt and DeepZ data for human functional genes. We also present evidence showing the regulatory activity of LTR elements containing Z-DNA in GSDML. Taken together, the regulatory activity of LTR elements with Z-DNA allows us to understand gene function in relation to various human diseases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2023

Diversified fuel types such as methanol, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, ammonia, biofuels, have been come to fore in consideration of the limitations, regulations, environmental perception and efficient use of resources on maritime sector. NE is described as a substantial alternative energy source on the marine vessels in the sense of de-carbonization and fuel efficiency activities carried out by IMO. Although NPVs have been constructed for the merchant, navy and supply fields over the years, their numbers are few and working ranges are quite limited. NE generation techniques, reactor types, safety and security issues in case of any leakage or radiation pollution are analyzed and comparisons are performed between fossil-based fueled and NP based on icebreakers. The comparison are conducted on the basis of dimensions, resistances and operational competences by the VIKOR. NP icebreakers operated in recent years occupy a notable position in the ranking, although fossil fueled ones are most prevalent. Consequently, refueling period and emissions are the principal benefits of NPVs. Nevertheless, the use of such systems on marine vessels especially for merchant ships may come to the fore when all concerns in terms of safety, security and society are resolved since the slightest mistake can have irreversible consequences.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

This study was designed to detect and measure the concentration of radioactivity of natural radionuclides ($^{238}U$, $^{232}Th$, $^{40}K$) and artificial radionuclides ($^{137}Cs$, $^{60}Co$) present in the drinking water of the city of Busan and surrounding areas in South Korea, and also to measure the absorbed dose of radiation caused by these elements in the residents so as to help better manage the risk that these radionuclides pose in the future. For the purposes of the study, a total of 42 samples of water were collected from three key water sources (19 samples of groundwater, 4 samples of tap water, and 19 samples of surface water) and their contents were analyzed for radioactivity concentration. The results revealed that two natural radionuclides, $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$, exist in the groundwater with an average concentration of radioactivity of 3.34 Bq/L and $8.28{\times}10^{-5}Bq/L$ respectively, while the surface water was found to contain the same two radionuclides with mean concentrations of 0.849 Bq/L and $1.103{\times}10^{-4}Bq/L$ respectively. In addition, of the 19 samples of the groundwater, $^{137}Cs$ was found in eight of them and $^{60}Co$ was detected in ten. Of the four samples of the tap water, $^{137}Cs$ was detected in all samples and $^{60}Co$ was detected in three. Both $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ were detected in all 12 samples of surface water. As far as $^{40}K$ is concerned, this element was detected in three of the 19 groundwater samples, but was not detected in any surface or tap water sample. In addition, the absorbed dose of $^{238}U$ from the groundwater was $7.94{\times}10^{-8}Sv/y$, while the absorbed dose of $^{232}Th$ from the surface water was $9.33{\times}10^{-13}Sv/y$. The absorbed dose of $^{137}Cs$ from the tap water was $7.33{\times}10^{-5}Sv/y$, while the absorbed dose of $^{60}Co$ from the surface water was the highest at $4.23{\times}10^{-6}Sv/y$.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2012

총 101종의 식물추출물 가운데 약용식물인 천산용(Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb.) 추출물이 가장 강한 항균활성을 보유한 것으로 나타나 감귤 녹색곰팡이병(Penicillium digitatum) 방제를 위한 실질적인 농업적 현장적용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 선발된 천산용 추출물은 PDA 배지에 0.5 mg/ml을 처리하였을 때, P. digitatum의 균사생장을 87% 억제하였다. 그리고 추출된 항균활성 물질은 pH, 온도, UV에 영향을 받지 않는 매우 안정한 물질임이 확인되었다. 감귤 저장상태 하에서 녹색곰팡이병 방제를 검정한 결과, 자연적인 병발생을 유도한 후 항균활성 물질을 처리하였을 때 0.3 mg/ml에서 완벽하게 병이 방제되었으며 인위적으로 고농도의 P. digitatum을 접종한 경우에도 0.5 mg/ml 농도에서 100%의 방제효과를 보였다. 이 천연 항균물질을 2 mg/ml 농도로 감귤 과실에 처리하여도 약해가 나타나지 않았으므로, 약해가 없고 방제효과가 우수한 이 식물유래 천연물질은 감귤 저장 중에 발생하는 녹색곰팡이병 방제를 위해 추후 매우 효과적인 농업적 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1319-1326
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• 2007

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) is a key regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to generate fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Deficiency of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase is associated with fasting hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. The enzyme has been shown to occur in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The bovine FBP1 gene was cloned and characterized in this study. The full length (1,241 bp) FBP1 mRNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 338 amino acids, a 63 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 131 bp 3' UTR. The bovine FBP1 gene was 89%, 85%, 82%, 82% and 74% identical to the orthologs of pig, human, mouse, rat and zebra fish at mRNA level, and 97%, 96%, 94%, 93% and 91% identical at the protein level, respectively. This gene was broadly expressed in cattle with the highest level in testis, and the lowest level in heart. An intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A/G) was identified in the $5^{th}$ intron of the bovine FBP1 gene. Genotyping of 133 animals from four beef breeds revealed that the average frequency for allele A (A-base) was 0.7897 (0.7069-0.9107), while 0.2103 (0.0893-0.2931) for allele B (G-base). Our preliminary association study indicated that this SNP is significantly associated with traits of Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Carcass Length (CL) (p<0.01). In addition, the FBP1 gene was assigned on BTA8 by a hybrid radiation (RH) mapping method.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2019

이동성 유전인자는 인간 유전체의 45%를 차지하며 기능성 유전자 내부로 자유롭게 들어갈 수 있다. 이들은 진화과정에서 중복현상으로 다수의 복사수로 생성되며, 생물종다양성 및 계통유전체학 분야에 기여한다. 이동성 유전인자의 대부분은 메틸화 또는 아세틸화 현상과 같은 후성유전학적 조절에 의해 제어된다. 다양한 생물종은 그들만의 고유의 이동성 유전인자를 가지고 있으며, 일반적으로 DNA트란스포존과 레트로트란스포존으로 나뉜다. 레트로트란스포존은 LTR의 유무에 따라 다시 HERV와 LINE으로 구분된다. 이동성 유전인자는 프로모터, 인핸서, 엑손화, 재배열 및 선택적 스플라이싱과 같은 다양한 생물학적 기능을 수행한다. 또한 이들은 유전체의 불안정성을 야기시켜 다양한 질병을 유발하기도 한다. 따라서, 암과 같은 질병을 진단하는 바이오 마커로 사용될 수 있다. 최근, 이동성 유전인자는 miRNA를 만들어 내는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이러한 miRNA는 타겟 유전자의 seed 영역에 결합함으로서 mRNA의 분해 및 번역을 억제하는 역할을 수행한다. 이동성 유전인자 유래의 miRNA는 기능성 유전자의 발현에 큰 영향을 미친다. 다양한 생물종과 조직에서 서로 다른 miRNA의 비교 분석 연구는 생물학적 기능과 관련하여 진화학과 계통학 영역에서 흥미 있는 연구 분야라 할 수 있겠다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

인삼, 호장근, 상산 등에서 분리한 성분들이 HL60, HL-60, Jurkat, Molt-4에 대한 억제작용이 있는 것으로 조사되었고, 익모초의 Leonunrine, 대청엽의 Indirubin, 천문동의 Aspargus polysaccharideA.B.C.D, 백합의 Colchicnamile, 익모초의 Lenunrine, 산두근, 자초근 추출물이 여러유형의 백혈병 환자에 대한 백혈병 억제효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, mouse의 P388, L1210, L615, L120, S-180 등에 항 백혈병 효과가 있는 것으로는 완화, 로회, 원지, 오수유, 파두, 뇌공등, 석산, 백출, 단삼, 산약, 목단피, 청대, 감초, 당귀에서 분리한 성분들이 있으며 백굴채, 마전자, 가시오가피, 천초 추출물들이 동물실험에서 항암작용이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또 천연물에서 분리한 성분이 항백혈병 작용이 있는것으로는 ginsenoside Ro, ginseonoside Rh2, Emodin, Yuanhuacine, Aleemodin, phorbocdiester, Triptolide, Homolycorine, Atractylol, Colchicnamile, Paeonol, 당귀다당체, Aspargus polysaccharideABCD, Indirubin, Leonunrine, Acinosohic acid, Trichosanthin, G2 132, Schizandrin, allicin, Indirubin, cmdiumlactone chuanxiongol, 18A glycyrrhetic acid, Kansuiphorin A, 13 oxyingenol Kansuiphorin B 등이 조사되었고, 추출물이 항 백혈병 작용이 있는 것으로는 원지, 오수유, 백굴채, 대황, 산두근, 마전자, 가시오가피, 천초 등이 조사되었다.