• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.5_6
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• pp.1489-1500
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• 2011

The notions of $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, (positive implicative) $\mathcal{N}$-ideals of d-algebras are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra and a (positive implicative) $\mathcal{N}$-ideals of d-algebras are given. Relations between an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, an $\mathcal{N}$-ideal and a positive implicative N-ideal of d-algebras are discussed.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.417-437
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• 2009

The notions of $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebras, (closed, commutative, retrenched) $\mathcal{N}$-ideals, $\theta$-negative functions, and $\alpha$-translations are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra and a (commutative) $\mathcal{N}$-ideal are given. Relations between an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, an $\mathcal{N}$-ideal and commutative $\mathcal{N}$-ideal are discussed. We verify that every $\alpha$-translation of an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra (resp. $\mathcal{N}$-ideal) is a retrenched $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra (resp. retrenched $\mathcal{N}$-ideal).

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2012

Based on the theory of a falling shadow which was first formulated by Wang([14]), a theoretical approach of the ideal structure in BH-algebras is established. The notions of a falling subalgebra, a falling ideal, a falling strong ideal, a falling $n$-fold strong ideal and a falling translation ideal of a BH-algebra are introduced. Some fundamental properties are investigated. Relations among a falling subalgebra, a falling ideal and a falling strong ideal, a falling $n$-fold strong ideal are stated. A relation between a fuzzy subalgebra/ideal and a falling subalgebra/ideal is provided.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.585-596
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• 2012

The notions of a $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, a (strong) $\mathcal{N}$-ideal of BH-algebras are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra and a coupled (strong) $\mathcal{N}$-ideals of BH-algebras are given. Relations among a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-ideal and a coupled strong $\mathcal{N}$ of BH-algebras are discussed.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.709-721
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• 2013

The notions of coupled N-subalgebra, coupled (positive implicative) N-ideals of $d$-algebras are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra and a coupled (positive implicative) $\mathcal{N}$-ideals of $d$-algebras are given. Relations among a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra, a coupled $\mathcal{N}$-ideal and a coupled positive implicative $\mathcal{N}$-ideal of $d$-algebras are discussed.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

Using $\mathcal{N}$-structures, the notion of an $\mathcal{N}$-essence in a sub-traction algebra is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations among an $\mathcal{N}$-ideal, an $\mathcal{N}$-subalgebra and an $\mathcal{N}$-essence are investigated.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.645-651
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• 2012

Based on a sub-BCK-algebra K of a BCI-algebra X, the notions of N-subalgebras and N-ideals of X are introduced, and their relations/properties are investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.295-306
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• 2012

Let (R, $m_R$, k) be a local maximal commutative subalgebra of $M_n$(k) with nilpotent maximal ideal $m_R$. In this paper, we will construct a maximal commutative subalgebra $R^{ST}$ which is isomorphic to R and study some interesting properties related to $R^{ST}$. Moreover, we will introduce a method to construct an algebra in $MC_n$(k) with i($m_R$) = n and dim(R) = n.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 2010

Using $\cal{N}$-structures, the notion of an $\cal{N}$-ideal in a subtraction algebra is introduced. Characterizations of an $\cal{N}$-ideal are discussed. Conditions for an $\cal{N}$-structure to be an $\cal{N}$-ideal are provided. The description of a created $\cal{N}$-ideal is established.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.429-442
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• 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy ideals, anti-fuzzy ideals of Γ-BCK-algebras. We study the properties of fuzzy ideals, anti-fuzzy ideals of Γ-BCK-algebras. We prove that if f^-1(µ) is a fuzzy ideal of M, then µ is a fuzzy ideal of N, where f : M → N is an epimorphism of Γ-BCK-algebras M and N.