• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2018

목적: 인조골에 동일한 조건으로 식립한 임플란트에 대하여 타진방식의 임플란트 안정성 측정기기인 Periotest와 AnyCheck을 사용하여 안정성 수치를 측정함에 있어서, healing abutment의 높이와 타진각도의 변화에 따른 각 측정기기의 안정성 수치 차이를 조사하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 총 60개의 임플란트를 주문제작한 인조골 블록에 식립하고 2, 3, 4, 5 mm 높이의 healing abutment를 각각 15개씩 네 그룹으로 나누어 체결하였으며, 각각 식립 토크, implant stability test, Periotest value를 측정했다. 임플란트 식립 시 45 - 55 Ncm의 토크를 유지하였다. 임플란트 장축에 수직인 지면을 기준으로, implant stability test는 AnyCheck을 사용하여 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$의 기울기로 측정했으며 Periotest value는 Periotest M을 사용하여 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$의 기울기로 측정하였다. 측정값은 통계적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 식립 토크는 그룹 간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. AnyCheck과 Periotest M으로 측정했을 때, healing abutment의 높이가 증가할수록 안정성 수치가 낮게 측정되었다. 또한 AnyCheck과 Periotest M을 $0^{\circ}$와 $30^{\circ}$ 기울기로 측정 시 $0^{\circ}$로 측정한 그룹에서 안정성 수치가 더 낮게 측정되었다. 결론: 임플란트의 안정성 수치를 타진방식으로 측정할 때에는 healing abutment 높이와 타진각도의 변화에 따른 차이를 고려하여 측정해야 표준화된 평가를 할 수 있으며, 이에 대한 더욱 세밀한 사용법을 인지할 필요가 있다고 사료되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The application of a simple, clinically applicable noninvasive test to assess implant stability are considered highly desirable. So far there is still a controversy about correlation of various tests and implant stability. PURPOSE: In order to assess implant stability, the development of a new method is critical. It's possible to assess implant stability by calculating energy and angular momentum during implant installation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of energy and implant stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty three implants were installed in two different types of pig bone. Type I bone was retrieved from the distal aspect of the rib, with more cortical bone. Type II bone came from a more proximal region with less cortical components and a higher content of bone marrow and spongeous trabeculae. Insertion torque, removal torque, ISQ values and angular momentum and energy were measured. Pearson Correlation test was done to analyze the relation between RFA, maximum insertion torque, mean insertion torque, bone type, energy and removal torque. RESULTS: Type I bone showed higher removal torque than type II bone. Energy value was significantly correlated with maximum insertion torque and mean insertion torque. RFA values were related with insertion torques but the significance was lower than Energy value. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study energy values were considered clinically predictable method to measure the implant stability.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2018

Background: This study was to evaluate the effect of bone graft procedure on the primary stability of implants installed in fresh sockets and assess the vertical alteration of peri-implant bone radiographically. Methods: Twenty-three implants were inserted in 18 patients immediately after tooth extraction. The horizontal gap between the implant and bony walls of the extraction socket was grafted with xenografts. The implant stability before and after graft procedure was measured by Osstell Mentor as implant stability quotient before bone graft (ISQ bbg) and implant stability quotient after bone graft (ISQ abg). Peri-apical radiographs were taken to measure peri-implant bone change immediately after implant surgery and 12 months after implant placement. Data were analyzed by independent t test; the relationships between stability parameters (insertion torque value (ITV), ISQ abg, and ISQ bbg) and peri-implant bone changes were analyzed according to Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The increase of ISQ in low primary stability group (LPSG) was 6.87 ± 3.62, which was significantly higher than the increase in high primary stability group (HPSG). A significant correlation between ITV and ISQ bbg (R = 0.606, P = 0.002) was found; however, age and peri-implant bone change were not found significantly related to implant stability parameters. It was presented that there were no significant peri-implant bone changes at 1 year after bone graft surgery. Conclusions: Bone graft procedure is beneficial for increasing the primary stability of immediately placed implants, especially when the ISQ of implants is below 65 and that bone grafts have some effects on peri-implant bone maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2019

Objectives: Bone density seems to be an important factor affecting implant stability. The relationship between bone density and primary and secondary stability remains under debate. The aim of this study was to compare primary and secondary stability measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) between different bone types and to compare implant stability at different time points during 3 months of follow-up. Materials and Methods: Our study included 65 implants (BioHorizons Implant Systems) with 3.8 or 4.6 mm diameter and 9 or 10.5 mm length in 59 patients. Bone quality was assessed by Lekholm-Zarb classification. After implant insertion, stability was measured by an Osstell device using RFA at three follow-up visits (immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after implant insertion). ANOVA test was used to compare primary and secondary stability between different bone types and between the three time points for each density type. Results: There were 9 patients in type I, 18 patients in type II, 20 patients in type III, and 12 patients in type IV. Three implants failed, 1 in type I and 2 in type IV. Stability values decreased in the first month but increased during the following two months in all bone types. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between RFA values of different bone types at each follow-up or between stability values of each bone type at different time points. Conclusion: According to our results, implant stability was not affected by bone density. It is difficult to reach a certain conclusion about the effect of bone density on implant stability as stability is affected by numerous factors.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Current tendencies of the implant macrodesign are tapered shapes for improved primary stability, but there are lack of studies regarding the relationship between the implant macrodesign and primary stability. Purpose: The purpose is to investigate the effect of implant macrodesign on the implant primary stability by way of resonance frequency analysis in the bovine rib bones with different kinds of quality. Material and method: Fifty implants of 6 different kinds from two Korean implant systems were used for the test. Bovine rib bones were cut into one hundred pieces with the length of 5 cm. Among them forty pieces of rib bones with similar qualities were again selected. For the experimental group 1, the thickness of cortical part was measured and 20 pieces of rib bones with the mean thickness of 1.0mm were selected for implant placement. For the experimental group 2, the cortical parts of the remaining 20 pieces of rib bones were totally removed and then implants were placed on the pure cancellous bone according to the surgical manual. After placement of all implants, the implant stability quotient(ISQ) was measured by three times, and its statistical analysis was done. Results: There are statistically significant differences in ISQ values among 4 different kinds of Avana system implants in the experimental group 2. For the experimental group 1, Avana system implants showed significantly different ISQ values, but when differences in the thickness of cortical parts were statistically considered, did not show any significant differences in ISQ values. Among Oneplant system implants, there are no significant differences in ISQ values for the experimental group 2 as well as for the experimental group 1. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, bone quality and implant design have some influences on the primary stability of implants. Especially in the bone of poor quality, tapered shape of implants are more favorable for the primary stability of implants.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.21.1-21.6
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• 2017

Background: The purposes of the present study were to compare implant stabilities of mandibular block bone graft and bovine bone graft and to evaluate influencing factors for implant stability in mandibular block bone (MBB) graft. Methods: This retrospective study investigated 1224 cases and 389 patients treated by one surgeon in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Pusan National University Dental Hospital (Yangsan, Korea) between January 2010 and December 2014. Proportions that MBB graft cases constitute in all implant restoration cases and in all bone graft cases were measured. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were achieved by the same surgeon before loading. The average ISQ values of the experimental groups were compared. In addition, ISQ values of influencing factors, such as age, sex, implant size, and implant placement site, were compared within the MBB group using $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor ($Osstell^{(R)}$, $G{\ddot{o}}teborg$, Sweden). Paired t test and ANOVA were conducted for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Fifty-five percent of all implant restoration cases performed bone graft while MBB cases constituted 34% of all implant restoration cases and 61% of all bone graft cases. Comparing ISQ values according to bone graft materials, the MBB group manifested sufficient implant stability by presenting comparable ISQ value to that of the experimental group without bone graft. Among the reviewed factors, females, mandibular molar regions, and implants in larger diameter displayed greater implant stabilities. Conclusions: Satisfactory implant stability was accomplished upon administration of MBB graft. Within the limitation of this study, gender, implant site, and implant diameter were speculated to influence on implant stability in MBB graft.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the initial stability of different implants placed above the bone level in different types of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS. As described by Lekholm and Zarb, cortical layers of bovine bone specimens were trimmed to a thickness of 2 mm, 1 mm or totally removed to reproduce bone types II, III, and IV respectively. Three Implant system (Br${\aa}$nemark System$^{(R)}$ Mk III TiUnite$^{TM}$, Straumann Standard Implant SLA$^{(R)}$, and Astra Tech Microthread$^{TM}$-OsseoSpeed$^{TM}$) were tested. Control group implants were placed in level with the bone, while test group implants were placed 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm above the bone level. Initial stability was evaluated by resonance frequency analysis. Data was statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance in confidence level of 95%. The effective implant length and the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) were compared using simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS. In the control group, there was a significant difference in the ISQ values of the 3 implants in bone types III and IV (P<.05). The ISQ values of each implant decreased with increased effective implant length in all types of bone. In type II bone, the decrease in ISQ value per 1-mm increase in effective implant length of the Br${\aa}$nemark and Astra implants was less than that of the Straumann implant. In bone types III and IV, this value in the Astra implant was less than that in the other 2 implants. CONCLUSION. The initial stability was much affected by the implant design in bone types III, IV and the implant design such as the short pitch interval was beneficial to the initial stability of implants placed above the bone level.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.245-252
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop the implant which has superior stress distribution and primary stability to others by using Instron test and finite element method. The model used in the experiment were cylinder type implant, tapered screw type implant, screw type implants. Recognizing that the number of samples were small and the lack of applying press-fit conditions to the cylinder type, we can make the following conclusions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the reliability of the Anycheck device and the effect of the healing abutment diameter on the Anycheck values (implant stability test, IST). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty implants were placed into three artificial bone blocks with 10 Ncm, 15 Ncm, and 35 Ncm insertion torque value (ITV), respectively (n = 10). (1) The implant stability was measured with three different kinds of devices (Periotest M, Osstell ISQ Mentor, and Anycheck). (2) Five different diameters (4.0, 4.5, 4.8, 5.5, and 6.0 mm) of healing abutments of the same height were connected to the implants and the implant stability was measured four times in different directions with Anycheck. The measured mean values were statistically analyzed. RESULTS. The correlation coefficient between the mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) and IST value was 0.981 (P<.01) and the correlation coefficient between the meant periotest value (PTV) and IST value was -0.931 (P<.01). There were no statistically significant differences among the IST values with different healing abutment diameters. CONCLUSION. There was a strong correlation between the Periotest M and Anycheck values and between the ISQ and IST. The diameter of the healing abutment had no effect on the Anycheck values.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

Purpose: Modifications of implant design have been related to improving initial stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate their respective effect on initial stability between two tapered implant systems (self-tapping vs. non-self-tapping) in medium density bone using three different analytic methods. Materials and Methods: Self-tapping implant (GS III$^{(R)}$; Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) and non-self-tapping implant (Replace Select$^{(R)}$; Nobel Biocare, G$\H{o}$teborg, Sweden) were investigated. In Solid rigid polyurethane blocks of artificially simulated Quality 2 bone, each of the 5 implants was inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions for medium-bone drilling protocol. Evaluation of initial stability was carried out by recording the maximum insertion torque (IT) and performing the resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and the pull-out test. Results: The IT and RFA values of self-tapping implant were significantly higher than those of non self-tapping implant (P=.009 and P=.047, respectively). In the pull-out values, no significant differences were found in implants between two groups (P=.117). Within each implant system, no statistically significant correlation was found among three different outcome variables. Conclusions: These findings suggest that design characteristics of implant geometry significantly influence the initial stability in medium bone density.