• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2010

A direct tilted-ring fitting method allows us to investigate kinematic structure of spiral galaxies. By employing the method to high-resolution HI data cubes, we can more easily trace warp characteristics of spiral galaxies than ever. In this contribution, we make use of TiRiFiC to VLA HI data cube of spiral galaxies in Virgo cluster, and present our preliminary yet interesting results. The TiRiFiC (Tilted-Ring-Fitting-Code) is publicly available code that provides 'best-fit' tilted-ring parameters (i.e. position angle and inclination) via chi-square minimization technique. We also discuss possible biases (e.g., resolution dependency) and its effect on our conclusions.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2011

A right ideal I of a ring R is small in case for every proper right ideal K of R, K + I ${\neq}$ = R. A right R-module M is called PS-injective if every R-homomorphism f : aR ${\rightarrow}$ M for every principally small right ideal aR can be extended to R ${\rightarrow}$ M. A ring R is called right PS-injective if R is PS-injective as a right R-module. We develop, in this article, PS-injectivity as a generalization of P-injectivity and small injectivity. Many characterizations of right PS-injective rings are studied. In light of these facts, we get several new properties of a right GPF ring and a semiprimitive ring in terms of right PS-injectivity. Related examples are given as well.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the engineering characteristics of the R.C circular ring sector plate with various boundary conditions and then to propose a rational and paraical method for application of finite element method to R.C structures. The stiffness matrix of the circular ring sector plate was obtained by using the multi-base coordinate system in which the base-coordinate systems were constructed for each nodal point of the quadrilateral element in order to reflect the complicated boundary conditions conveniently and correctly. The R.C element stiffness matrix was constructed by adding the stiffness coefficients of the steel-bar element into the plate bending element stiffness matrix. Herein, the steel-bar element was treated as the common beam element. Using the above method, the effects of steel-bar can be considered without increasing of the numbers of element and nodal points.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.1523-1537
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and S a multiplicative subset of R. First, we introduce and study the u-S-projective dimension and u-S-injective dimension of an R-module, and then explore the u-S-global dimension u-S-gl.dim(R) of a commutative ring R, i.e., the supremum of u-S-projective dimensions of all R-modules. Finally, we investigate u-S-global dimensions of factor rings and polynomial rings.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.551-560
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• 2023

In this paper we consider a more general class of centralizers called I-centralizers. More precisely, given a prime ideal P of an arbitrary ring R we establish a connection between certain algebraic identities involving a pair of P-left centralizers and the structure of the factor ring R/P.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1221-1233
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• 2018

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and let NN(R) = {I | I is a nonnil ideal of R}. Let M be an R-module and let ${\phi}-tor(M)=\{x{\in}M{\mid}Ix=0\text{ for some }I{\in}NN(R)\}$. If ${\phi}or(M)=M$, then M is called a ${\phi}$-torsion module. An R-module M is said to be ${\phi}$-flat, if $0{\rightarrow}{A{\otimes}_R}\;{M{\rightarrow}B{\otimes}_R}\;{M{\rightarrow}C{\otimes}_R}\;M{\rightarrow}0$ is an exact R-sequence, for any exact sequence of R-modules $0{\rightarrow}A{\rightarrow}B{\rightarrow}C{\rightarrow}0$, where C is ${\phi}$-torsion. In this paper, the concepts of NRD-submodules and NP-submodules are introduced, and the ${\phi}$-flat modules over a ${\phi}-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ ring are investigated.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.983-992
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• 2023

Let A be a ring and 𝓙 = {ideals I of A | J(I) = I}. The Krull dimension of A, written dim A, is the sup of the lengths of chains of prime ideals of A; whereas the dimension of the maximal spectrum, denoted by dim _𝓙A, is the sup of the lengths of chains of prime ideals from 𝓙. Then dim _𝓙A ≤ dim A. In this paper, we will study the dimension of the maximal spectrum of some constructions of rings and we will be interested in the transfer of the property J-Noetherian to ring extensions.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.379-395
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• 2018

Assume that R is a commutative ring with non-zero identity which is not an integral domain. An ideal I of R is called an annihilating ideal if there exists a non-zero element $a{\in}R$ such that Ia = 0. S. Visweswaran and H. D. Patel associated a graph with the set of all non-zero annihilating ideals of R, denoted by ${\Omega}(R)$, as the graph with the vertex-set $A(R)^*$, the set of all non-zero annihilating ideals of R, and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if I + J is an annihilating ideal. In this paper, we study the relations between the diameters of ${\Omega}(R)$ and ${\Omega}(R[x])$. Also, we study the relations between the diameters of ${\Omega}(R)$ and ${\Omega}(R[[x]])$, whenever R is a Noetherian ring. In addition, we investigate the relations between the diameters of this graph and the zero-divisor graph. Moreover, we study some combinatorial properties of ${\Omega}(R)$ such as domination number and independence number. Furthermore, we study the complement of this graph.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce the generalized ideal-based zero-divisor graph structure of near-ring N, denoted by $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$. It is shown that if I is a completely reflexive ideal of N, then every two vertices in $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ are connected by a path of length at most 3, and if $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ contains a cycle, then the core K of $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ is a union of triangles and rectangles. We have shown that if $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ is a bipartite graph for a completely semiprime ideal I of N, then N has two prime ideals whose intersection is I.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.711-721
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• 2020

The concepts of an Amitsur ring and a hereditary Amitsur ring, which were introduced and studied by S. Tumurbat in a recent paper, are generalized. For a positive integer n, a ring A is said to be an n-Amitsur ring if γ(A[Xn]) = (γ(A[Xn]) ∩ A)[Xn] for all radicals γ, where A[Xn] is the polynomial ring over A in n commuting indeterminates. If a ring A satisfies the above equation for all hereditary radicals γ, then A is said to be a hereditary n-Amitsur ring. Characterizations and examples of these rings are provided. Moreover, new radicals associated with n-Amitsur rings are introduced and studied. One of these is a special radical and its semisimple class is polynomially extensible.