• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of interval-valued intuitionistic gradation of openness of fuzzy sets which is a generalization of intuitionistic gradation of openness of fuzzy sets and interval-valued intuitionistic gradation preserving mapping and then investigate their properties.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.401-417
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• 2013

The results of an experimental program regarding the effects of gradation on shear strength and volume change behavior of silty sands are presented. Consolidated drained direct shear tests were performed on two clean base sands and twelve silty sands obtained by mixing those base sands with two different non-plastic silts at various fines contents (${\leq}$ 25%). Drained shear strengths were observed to be not significantly influenced by either base sand gradation or silt gradation or fines content for the studied range. Increasing fines content has increased the volumetric contraction of specimens at similar void ratio. However, the amount of increase in volumetric contraction of silty sands were found to be affected by silt gradation when other influencing factors such as fines content, base sand gradation and mineralogy were kept the same. Moreover, the amount of increase in volumetric contraction of silty sands were also found to be affected by base sand gradation when other influencing factors such as fines content, silt gradation and mineralogy were kept the same.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2003

We introduce the concepts of a gradation of supraopenness, $S(S^*)$-gradation preserving maps, and weakly $S(S^*)$-gradation preserving maps. And we investigate several properties of such concepts.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.71-94
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• 2006

In this paper we study lattice valued fuzzy gradation of openness so that fuzzy gradation of openness [13] could be obtained as a particular case. Some of its properties are studied. We also give definitions of lattice valued graded fuzzy filters, graded, fuzzy grills, graded fuzzy preproximities and proximities.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 2005

The main objective of this paper is to introduce the gradation of neigh-bourhoodness in L-fuzzy topology and to introduce the fuzziness in the concept of convergence of L-fuzzy nets.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of environmentally friendly construction methods has been recently encouraged to reduce fuel consumption and the effects of global warming. For this purpose, the roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) construction method has been developed. RCCP is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient than general concrete by reducing the amount of CO2 generated through the application of a smaller amount of cement. RCCP has a number of advantages such as an easy construction method, low cost, high structural hydration performance, and aggregate interlocking. However, mix design standards and construction guidelines of RCCP are required for domestic application. In addition, a study on aggregate selection, which has an effect on the characteristics of RCCP, is necessary owing to a limited number of researches. Thus, the aggregate effect on the performance of RCCP in securing the required strength and workability was evaluated in consideration of domestic construction. METHODS : Sand and coarse aggregates of both 19mm and 13mm in maximum size were used in this study. Four types of aggregate gradations (s/a = 30%, 58%, and 70% for the sand and coarse aggregate of 19mm in maximum size, and s/a = 50% for a combination of the three types of aggregates) were set up to investigate the effects of the PCA band on the RCC characteristics. The conditions of s/a = 30% and 70% were evaluated to check the gradation effect outside of the recommended band. The conditions of s/a = 58% and 50% were used because they are the optimum combination of the two and three types of aggregates, respectively. RCCP gradation band was suggested gradation with a proper construction method of RCCP by synthetically comparing and analyzing the correlation of optimum water content, maximum dry density, and strength of requirements through its consistency and compaction test. RESULTS : The lower and upper limit lines are insufficient to secure a relatively strong development and workability compared to an aggregate gradation in the RCCP gradation band region. On the other hand, the line in the RCCP gradation band and the 0.45 power curve in the RCCP gradation band region were satisfactory, ensuring the required strength and workability. CONCLUSIONS : The suitable aggregate gradation on RCCP process should meet the RCCP gradation band area; however, fine particles passing through a #60 sieve do not need to be within the recommended gradation band because the influence of this region on such fine particles is small.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.559-566
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• 2021

The aggregate gradation analysis is a study that evaluates the accuracy of a specific purpose for the aggregate gradation analysis results essential for construction-related major education. This study is to evaluate the effect of aggregate moisture content on aggregate gradation analysis. The change in the moisture content of the aggregate stored in the asphalt plant cold bin and stock piles was monitored for one year, and based on the results, a sample of aggregate with different moisture content was produced. The gradation curve for each aggregate sample was analyzed to evaluate the effect of aggregate moisture content on aggregate gradation analysis. As a result of the gradation evaluation, it was confirmed that as the moisture content increased, the particle size error for particles less than 5 mm increased in the gradation analysis of the oven-dried aggregate, and this error increased as the particle size decreased. In addition, for aggregate particles of 5 mm or more, it was confirmed that the error in gradation analysis rapidly decreased due to the increase in the moisture content. An analysis was performed on the effect of the error in gradation analysis on the management of hot-bin aggregates in asphalt plants. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the minimum aggregate size of the first hot-bin in a general asphalt plant was 2.38 mm or more, so the maximum gradation error due to the non oven-dry aggregate was less than 2%. Therefore, it seems possible to use the results of the gradation analysis of cold bin non oven-dry aggregate for quality management of asphalt mixture production.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

We introduce the concept of gradation of supraopenness. With the concept of gradation of supraopenness, we invesigate the basic properties of H-fuzzy supratopological spaces, H-fuzzy suprainterior and H-fuzzy supraclosure.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.791-801
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of closure and interior defined by an intuitionistic gradation of openness. We also introduce the concepts of weakly gp-maps, gp-open maps and several types of compactness, and obtain some characterizations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.725-729
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy generalized topological spaces and intuitionistic gradation of generalized openness. We also introduce the concepts of IFG-mapping, weak IFG-mapping and IFG-open mapping, and obtain some characterizations for such mappings.