• 제목/요약/키워드: Goal Conflict

검색결과 150건 처리시간 0.024초

Concurrency Conflicts Resolution for IoT Using Blockchain Technology

  • Morgan, Amr;Tammam, Ashraf;Wahdan, Abdel-Moneim
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.331-340
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    • 2021
  • The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing physical network that depends on objects, vehicles, sensors, and smart devices. IoT has recently become an important research topic as it autonomously acquires, integrates, communicates, and shares data directly across each other. The centralized architecture of IoT makes it complex to concurrently access control them and presents a new set of technological limitations when trying to manage them globally. This paper proposes a new decentralized access control architecture to manage IoT devices using blockchain, that proposes a solution to concurrency management problems and enhances resource locking to reduce the transaction conflict and avoids deadlock problems. In addition, the proposed algorithm improves performance using a fully distributed access control system for IoT based on blockchain technology. Finally, a performance comparison is provided between the proposed solution and the existing access management solutions in IoT. Deadlock detection is evaluated with the latency of requesting in order to examine various configurations of our solution for increasing scalability. The main goal of the proposed solution is concurrency problem avoidance in decentralized access control management for IoT devices.

가상환경에서 수직 운동에 대한 데이터 기반 카메라 조작 (Data-driven camera manipulation about vertical locomotion in a virtual environment)

  • 서승원;노성래;이로운;박승준;강형엽
    • 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2022
  • 본 논문에서는 수직이동이 필요한 가상환경을 사용자가 이동할 때, 어떻게 카메라를 조작하는 것이 멀미를 최소화하면서도 몰입감을 극대화할 수 있는지를 조사하는 것이 목표이다. 일반적으로 사용자는 평평한 공간에서 가상현실을 이용하므로, 사용자의 실제 이동과 가상에서의 이동이 달라져 감각 충돌이 일어나게 되고, 이는 가상현실 멀미를 유발할 가능성을 가진다. 그러므로 3가지의 유력한 카메라 조작기법을 제안하고, 이들을 구현한 후, 사용자 실험을 통해 가장 적절한 모델이 어떤 것인지를 제안하고자 한다.

Haewon-sangsaeng, Chinese Harmonism and Ecological Civilization

  • WANG, Zhihe
    • 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.31-56
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    • 2022
  • Haewon-sangsaeng is a key idea of Daesoon Jinrihoe, which, as Professor Bae Kyuhan points out, "… has broad applications." Haewon-sangsaeng is not only congenial to Chinese Harmonism, but it also enriches this concept. However, many scholars understand Haewon-sangsaeng in a relatively narrow scope. For them, Haewon-sangsaeng is confined to pertaining only to human relationships. For example, Don Baker, the author of Korean Spirituality, states that "Haewon means relieving the resentment human beings past and present have felt because they were treated unfairly". Sangsaeng refers to "a spirit of mutual aid and cooperation" rather than "the spirit of competition and conflict that has dominated the human community up to the present day". This article argues that Haewon-sangsaeng not only has religio-ethical implications, but ecological implications as well. Specifically, it has relevance for the goal of creating an ecological civilization that aims at the harmony of humans and nature. In other words, Haewon-sangsaeng can be both "expanded for the global peace and the harmony of all humanity" and can be expanded for healing the relationship between humans and nature, including human beings and viruses. In order not to risk being "the first Earth species knowingly to choose self-extinction", an Ecological Civilization is urgently needed before it's too late. Alone with Chinese Harmonism, Haewon-sangsaeng can make great contributions to the cause of ecological civilization by transcending anthropocentrism, individualism, and the worship of competition as root causes of the predicaments faced by modern civilization.

법칙, 이론, 그리고 원리: 규범적 의미와 실제사용에서의 혼란 (Law, Theory, and Principle: Confusion in the Normative Meaning and Actual Usage)

  • 정용욱
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.459-468
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    • 2014
  • 과학의 본성(NOS)에 대한 교육 담론들은 과학지식의 역할에 따른 구분, 특히 이론과 법칙의 구분을 과학교육의 중요한 학습목표로 규정한다. 그런데 과학자집단은 법칙, 이론, 원리 등의 용어를 명확한 정의없이 사용하며, 이 용어들이 관습적인 언어표현 속에서 일관된 의미를 갖지도 않는다. 당위와 현실사이의 이러한 차이는 교수학습의 혼란을 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본 연구는 법칙, 이론, 원리의 의미, 그리고 과학지식의 구조에 대해 논의한 과학교육연구와 과학철학문헌을 비판적으로 검토하였다. 과학교육연구에 대한 검토 결과 NOS 연구자들에 의한 법칙과 이론의 규범적 정의와 이 용어들의 실제 사용 사이의 불일치는 상당히 심각한 것으로 드러났다. 또한 과학철학문헌에 대한 검토를 통해 법칙과 이론의 구분이라는 이분법을 넘어서 과학지식에서 법칙, 이론, 원리라는 세 범주를 구분해야 할 필요성을 제기하였고, 관련 논의를 종합하여 법칙, 이론, 원리에 해당하는 지식의 특성을 정리하였다. 규범적 정의와 관습 사이의 불일치를 고려하면 세 범주와 관련된 교육의 목표로 용어의 정확한 구분을 강조하는 것은 바람직하지 않을 수 있다. 그보다는 서로 다른 기능과 특징을 갖는 세 종류의 지식이 있다는 것에 교육의 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다.

Dress and Ideology during the late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ centuries Korea, 1876~1945

  • Lee, Min-Jung;Kim, Min-Ja
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.15-33
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    • 2011
  • The late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ centuries of Korea were the times when the Confucianism (牲理學) ideology was shaken heavily under the influences of modernism and capitalism by Western and Japanese military and political-economic forces. Under such circumstances, alteration of clothing was much influenced by ideologies than changes in social structure or technological advance. In this study, an ideology was defined as "the force which drives people into a particular social order". Ideologies were postulated as an ongoing process of socialization with dialectic features rather than being a static state. Comparative analyses on conflict structures and different clothing patterns symbolizing the ideologies of the Ruling (支配) and the Opposition (對抗) were conducted. Investigating dresses as representations of ideologies is to reconsider the notion of dichotomous confrontation between the conservatives (守舊派) and the progressives (開化派) and a recognition of Koreans' passively accepting modernity during the Japanese occupation. This may also have contributed to enlightening Koreans about modernization. Here are the results. First, the theoretical review found that ideologies were represented by not only symbols of discourse, but also dresses, and that dresses embodied both physical and conceptual systems presenting differences between ideologies and their natures, Second, during the late 19th century Korea, conflict between conservatives' Hanbok (韓服) and progressives' Western suits (洋服) was found. Moderate progressives showed their identity by "Colored Clothing" (深色衣), and radical progressives by black suits with short hair (黑衣斷髮) or by western suits (洋服). The ultimate goal of both parties was a "Modern Nation". With these efforts, pale jade green coats and traditional hats symbolizing the nobleman class was eliminated within 30 years from 1880 to 1910, and then simple robes and short hair emerged. However, the powerful Japanese army had taken over the hegemony of East Asia, and Korea was sharply divided into modernization and pro-Japanese camps. Third, during the time of Japanese colonial rule, the dress codes having set by the modernization policies during the time of enlightenment were abandoned and colonial uniforms for the colonial system was meticulously introduced. During this period, Western or Japanese-style uniforms were the symbol of the ruling ideology. In the mean time, Hanbok, particularly "White Clothing (白衣)", emerged as a representation of the opposition ideology. However, due to Japan's coercive power and strong zeal for "Great orient (大東亞)", white clothing remained as a mere symbol. Meanwhile, Reformists (實力養成論者) movement toward improving quality of life followed a similar path of the Japanese policies and was eventually incorporated into the ruling ideology. Fourth, dresses as representations of ruling ideologies were enforced by organizational powers, such as organizations and laws, and binding policies, and changes in such dresses were more significant when the ruling ideologies were stronger. Clothing of the opposition ideology was expressed as an aggregation of public consciousness. During the period, the subjects of ruling ideology and the objects who were granted modernization benefits were different although their drives for colored clothing with short hair (色衣斷髮) for modernization were similar.

자기통제의 개념 분석 (The Concept Analysis of Self-Control)

  • 은영;이인숙;이경숙;송경자;최은옥;서순림;양영희;박영임;구미옥;김성재;김인자;이은남;박송자;이동숙;이은옥
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.951-962
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    • 1999
  • Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing profession as a great responsibility to develop the knowledge for helping clients to practice good health behavior under self-control. But there are few studies about the concept of self-control, or the operational definition of self-control. The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept of self-control. This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. Antecedents of self control consist of 1) perception of the conflict situation to change his or her behavior ; 2) perception of self as the causes of the barrier for a certain behavior ; 3) internal standard or belief such as self-efficacy and learned resourcefulness ; 4) internal motivation for change of behavior. Critical attributes of self-control were 1) goal-orientation ; 2) self-decision ; 3) time sequence ; 4) effort ; 5) possibility of being learned ; 6) individuality ; 7) social desirability. Consequences occurring as a results of self-control consist of 1) achievement of the controlled behavior whose purposes were planned ; 2) enhancement of the internal standard such as self-efficacy and learned resourcefulness ; 3) eventual elevation of physical and emotional wellness. Therefore, this concept is defined as a cognitive behavior which is attempted by his or her decision when one is confronted with the conflict situation, which is characterized by being changed by time, learned by effort and individual characteristics. One is taking such behavior with the perception of self as the causative barrier for a certain behavior, planning a specific objective for a certain behavior which demands self sacrifice, supplies the internal reward, is socially desirable with the internal standard of self-efficacy and learned resourcefulness and environmental factors.

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해상에서의 우발적 조우 시 신호 규칙(CUES)의 제한점과 개선을 위한 제언 (Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES): Its Limitation and Recommendations for Improvement)

  • 오동건
    • Strategy21
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    • 통권44호
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    • pp.323-351
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    • 2018
  • Adopted in Western Pacific Naval Symposium(WPNS) 2014, Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES) has been the most valuable output of WPNS history. Written and suggested by Australian Navy in 1999, the goal of CUES is to decrease the possibility of the naval conflict by establishing the code among international navies in the Western Pacific region. Facing many oppositions and requirement of People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) in WPNS 2012 and 2013, but it finally adopted in WPNS 2014, with many changes in detailed provisions. From then, navies in the Western Pacific region have followed CUES to prevent maritime conflicts in the region, CUES, however, sometimes does not work correctly. Contents of CUES is the mixture of the parts of Multinational Maritime Tactical Signal and Maneuvering Book(MTP) and International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972(CORLEGs). There are means of radio communications such as frequency and signals, instructions for maneuvering and so on. Thus, it is not a new document for the U.S. Navy and its allies, but it requires training to implicate at sea for navies other than U.S. allies, like PLAN. Lots of provisions in CUES were changed because of the opposition of PLAN, and CUES has many shortcomings and practical limitations. First, since CUES is non-legally binding, and there are no methods to force the naval assets on the sea to follow. Second, CUES is only applied to naval assets; naval ships - warships, naval auxiliaries, and submarines - and naval aircraft. Third, the geographical scope in CUES is not clear. Fourth, there is no provision for submerged submarines. Finally, CUES has no time-based framework or roadmap for training. In this regard, there would be six recommendations for improvement. First, CUES should be reviewed by WPNS or other international institutions, while keeping non-binding status so that WPNS could send signals to the navies which do not answer CUES on the sea. Second, the participation of Maritime Law Enforcements(MLEs) such as coast guard is inevitable. Third, navies would use full text of MTP rather than current CUES, which extracts some parts of MTP. Fourth, CUES needs provisions with respect to submerged submarines, which recognizes as offensive weapons themselves. Fifth, the geographic scope of CUES should be clear. Since there are some countries in which claim that a rock with a concrete structure is their territory, CUES should be applied on every sea including EEZ and territorial seas. Finally, the detailed training plan is required to implicate CUES at sea. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) is a good exercise to train CUES, because almost all WPNS member countries except six countries are participating in RIMPAC. CUES is a meaningful document not only for navies but also for nation-states in the region. To prevent escalation of conflict in the region, potentially caused by an unplanned collision at sea, CUES should be applied more strictly. CUES will continue to be in subsequent WPNS and therefore continue to improve in the effectiveness as both an operational and diplomatic agreement.

정책실패의 반복과 관성에 관한 연구: 양양국제공항 사례를 중심으로 (Repetition and Inertia of Policy Failure -Focusing on the Case of Yangyang International Airport)

  • 허혁;최선미
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.456-467
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 양양국제공항 사례를 중심으로 정책실패의 반복 원인에 대하여 분석하였다. 2002년 개항한 양양국제공항은 약 3,600억원을 들여 건설하였으나, 공항 이용 객수 확보 실패 및 활성화 실패로 지방공항의 대표적 실패사례로 거론되고 있다. 정책실패 이론에 따라 합리주의적 관점, 정치적 관점, 환경복잡성 관점에 따라 양양국제공항의 실패요인을 분석한 결과 첫째, 합리주의적 관점에서 양양공항은 이용객 확보와 지역경제 활성화라는 정책목표 달성에 실패하였으며, 이는 정치권의 압력에 의한 사업추진과 지리적 인프라 부족에 기인한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정치의 흐름에서의 이해관계자들의 갈등 조정 실패 양상은 항공사와 공항 간 갈등과 저가항공인 플라이양양 허가 및 지원금에 대한 정부와 공항 간의 갈등 조정 실패로 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 환경복잡성 관점에서 양양국제공항은 주변 고속도로, 철도 노선 개통과 한한령으로 인한 중국인 관광객 급감이라는 환경변화에 적응 실패로 볼 수 있다. 즉, 양양국제공항은 정책계획단계에서부터 합리적인 분석에 의해 무산된 사업임에도 불구하고 정치적으로 선거결과에 따라 지리적 인프라가 부족한 지역에 건설되었으며 운영 과정에서 항공사 및 정부 간의 갈등 조정에 실패하였고, 주변 교통시설 확충과 외부 환경적 요인에 적응하지 못한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해, 대규모 국책사업의 경우 정책결정자의 무리한 사업 추진을 막을 수 있는 독립적 기구의 설치, 공항이나 철도와 같은 교통시설의 경우 주변 인프라 및 관련 사업과의 연계 및 고려를 통한 사업 추진, 이해관계자들 간의 갈등조정을 위한 협력적 거버넌스의 제도화 등을 제언하였다.

동료 교수법 기반의 과학교사 연수를 위한 단계형 개념검사문항 개발 -바늘구멍 사진기의 원리 학습을 중심으로- (Developing Sequential ConcepTests for In-service Science Teachers' Training based on Peer Instruction: Focus on 'Principle of Pinhole Camera')

  • 이지원;김종원;김규환;황명수;김중복
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.229-248
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    • 2013
  • 동료교수법은 개념변화에 효과적인 연수방법이다. 동료교수법의 성공을 위한 가장 중요한 요소는 개념검사문항이다. 개념검사문항은 단순히 인지갈등 상황만을 주는 것이 아니라 올바른 개념변화를 이끌어낼 수 있어야 한다. 이에 따라 이 연구에서는 빛의 직진에 대한 교사들의 오개념을 올바른 과학적 개념으로 변화시키기 위하여, 단계적으로 교사들의 개념을 변화해 나가도록 돕는 단계형 개념검사문항을 개발하여 연수에 적용하였다. 개발된 개념검사문항을 5회에 걸친 연수에 투입하여 토론 전후 정답률과 연수 중 토론, 인터뷰 결과를 분석하여 그 결과를 바탕으로 문제 수정이 이루어졌다. 수정의 방향은 단계를 따라 문제를 해결하는 과정을 통해 '유한크기 광원은 점광원의 집합'이라는 목표개념에 도달할 수 있도록 하는데 중점을 두었다. 최종 개념검사문항을 적용한 결과, 교사들은 각 문제에서 높은 Hake gain을 보였고 인지적 단계에 따라 목표개념에 도달하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 동료교수법에서 개념검사문항을 개발할 때, 각 개별 문제가 학습자에게 도전의식을 주는 유의미한 인지갈등 문제일 뿐만 아니라, 각각의 문제가 유기적인 관계를 가지고 단계적으로 사고할 수 있도록 배치되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이 연구에서 개발된 개념검사문항은 초등교원연수와 중등교원연수, 또는 예비교사교육에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

SCM 도입 요인 중요도 분석 (Importance Analysis of SCM Adoption Factors)

  • 김우용;양해술
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제10권9호
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    • pp.2290-2299
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 선행 연구를 통해 제시된 공급사슬관리 시스템의 다양한 도입 요인에 대해서 그 중요도를 분석하기 위하여 AHP 기법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 지금까지 연구된 공급사슬관리 시스템의 도입 요인에 대해서 국내외 문헌을 통하여 SCM의 도입 요인을 조직 특성, 거래 특성, 관계 특성, 정보 특성 등 4개의 특성으로 범주화하였으며, 각 특성에 대한 세부 도입 요인으로 조직 특성 요인은 도입 전략, CEO 지원, 정보 기술 성숙도, 평가측정시스템 개발, 혁신 선도자 등 5개 요인, 거래 특성 요인은 거래 기간, 납기/품질, 목표 공유 등 3개 요인, 관계 특성 요인은 신뢰, 협력, 갈등, 상호 의존성, 몰입 등 5개 요인, 정보 특성 요인은 정보의 질, 정보 공유, 정보 교환 등 3개 요인을 설정해서 총 16개의 세부 도입 요인으로 분석하였다. AHP 기법을 이용하여 SCM 도입 요인의 중요도를 분석한 결과 SCM 도입 요인에 관한 1차 계층 요인 중에서는 조직 특성(0.387)의 중요도가 가장 높게 분석되었으며, 관계 특성(0.291), 정보 특성(0.167), 거래 특성(0.155) 순으로 분석되었다. 1차 계층 요인의 중요도와 2차 계층 요인의 중요도를 동시에 고려해서 분석한 결과에서는 가장 중요한 도입 요인이 CEO 지원(.169)이었고, 그 다음으로 신뢰(.124), 도입 전략(.089), 목표 공유(.081), 정보 교환(.069), 협력(.064), 정보 공유(.057) 요인 순으로 분석되었다.