• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2014

In this study, we attempted to isolate fungi from soybean fermented foods produced in Sunchang County and to identify Aspergillus oryzae from fungal isolates. Ten fungal isolates were identified with ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. According to the sequences of ${\beta}$-tubulin gene, ten fungal isolates were identified as A. oryzae/flavus complex. For further identification of the ten of fungal isolates, omtA gene, one gene of the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster, was sequenced and the sequences were compared with those of A. oryzae and A. flavus strains from the GenBank database. In addition, identification of the ten fungal isolates was further confirmed using the PCR amplicon of norB and cypA intergenic region, in which a deletion was recognized relative to A. flavus and A. parasiticus. The amplicon size of the ten fungal isolate strains was smaller than those of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, but the same as that of the reference A. oryzae strain. These results indicated that the ten isolates should be identified as A. oryzae. The protease activity in rice koji made with 6, 13, 17, 27, 37 and 38 of strain, respectively was twice higher than that in control. The kojis made with nine of the A. oryzae isolates, respectively, did not produce aflatoxin, suggesting that the strains could possibly be used as starters for soybean products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.353-360
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• 2013

Korean ginseng (P. ginseng C. A. Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal plant in the world. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Korean ginseng is important for breeding. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize Korean ginseng cultivar and breeding lines through the use of eight previously reported STS markers (MFGp183, MFGp130, MFGp110, UFGp74, UFGp163, MFGp108, MFGp81 and UFGp156). All STS markers produced interpretable electropherograms from 31 accessions consisting of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars and 20 breeding lines. When eight STS markers were combined, we identified to total 19 genetic patterns; in particular, nine cultivars (Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Gopoong, Gumpoong, Sunpoong, Sunone, Cheongseon, Sunhyang, Cheonryang) and 5 breeding lines (G08012, G04079, G04075, G08036, G04110) in ginseng samples can be discriminated from the others. Together with other available markers, these STS markers will contribute to the management of ginseng genetic resources and the protection of breeders' rights.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.434-441
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• 2010

'Wonhwang' pear ($Pyrus$ $pyrifolia$ Nakai) often showed physiological disorder and quality deterioration during long-term storage and shelf life although this cultivar has the advantage of a good appearance and better taste for overseas exportation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature during transportation and continuing market temperature on fruit quality, and the occurrence of physiological disorder to set up the appropriate transportation and distribution temperatures in the fruits harvested at different times. Unripe fruits harvested 120 days after full bloom maintained higher firmness until 21days of shelf life at both 18 and $25^{\circ}C$ than late harvested ones. Otherwise, ripe fruits harvested 130 days after full bloom showed high incidence of mealiness breakdown of flesh tissues in 21 days of shelf-life at $25^{\circ}C$ of market temperature, but not in the fruits stored at $18^{\circ}C$. Late harvested fruits showed much severe physiological disorders when compared with early harvested ones that showed relatively lower respiration rates. Fruit quality parameters were more highly affected by market temperature than transportation temperature. Results showed that unripe fruits harvested at 120 days after full bloom maintains high marketability until 21 days of shelf-life, while the maximum shelf-life of ripe fruits harvested 130 days after full bloom will be considered at within 7 days.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

Purpose: This research aims to assess the effect of a single session of group education of hospice program at Seoul National University Hospital for the advanced and terminal cancer patients and their family members. Methods: Response to questionnaires from 89 participants were evaluated using SAS and CHISQ analysis. The questionnaires included the following items: 1) the characteristics of participants; 2) the characteristics of patients; 3) the difficulties of patient care; 4) the satisfaction with the program Results: The participants consist of 33 patients (37.5%) and 56 family members (56.2%). Diagnosis included mainly stomach, lung, breast, and colon cancer. Participants of family members consisted of spouse, parent, children, daughter-in-law, and siblings (in decreasing order). The participants were interested in the medical information, nutrition, pain and symptom management, and psychosocial adaptation. They had difficulties in emotional problem, nutrition and symptom management. Even though it was a single session of group education, the level of satisfaction was high (95%). Conclusion: This research shows that even the single session of the group education for the advanced and terminal cancer patients and their family members is very helpful by giving them the necessary information. In order to develop comprehensive care-giving services, more specific informations, more opportunities to participate in such sessions and longer question-answer time is required.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.737-750
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• 2015

This study was carried out to construct a DNA profile database for 102 watermelon cultivars through the comparison of polymorphism level and genetic relatedness using genomic microsatellite (gMS) and expressed sequence tag (EST)-microsatellite (eMS) markers. Sixteen gMS and 10 eMS primers showed hyper-variability and were able to represent the genetic variation within 102 watermelon cultivars. With gMS markers, an average of 3.63 alleles per marker were detected with a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.479, whereas with eMS markers, the average number of alleles per marker was 2.50 and the PIC value was 0.425, indicating that eMS detects a lower polymorphism level compared to gMS. Cluster analysis and Jaccard's genetic distance coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on the gMS, eMS, and combined data sets showed that 102 commercial watermelon cultivars could be categorized into 6 to 8 major groups corresponding to phenotypic traits. Moreover, this method was sufficient to identify 78 out of 102 cultivars. Correlation analysis with Mantel tests for those clusters using 3 data sets showed high correlation ($r{\geq}0.80$). Therefore, the microsatellite markers used in this study may serve as a useful tool for germplasm evaluation, genetic purity assessment, and fingerprinting of watermelon cultivars.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.87-117
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• 2010

'Entrepreneurship' which means spirit or activity seeking new value by challenging boldly the uncertainty is one of the most important concept in 21st century business environment. Franchise Industry taking a relationship with distribution industry also needs entrepreneurship. As franchise industry consists of small and medium enterprises, the entrepreneurship of franchisor's CEO is important for the franchisor's growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing on the entrepreneurship of franchisor's CEO, and the effect of the CEO's entrepreneurship on franchisor's performance. For this purpose, this study set CEO's psychological characteristics, market characteristics, and social-institutional characteristics as independent variables, CEO's entrepreneurship as parameter variables, and franchisor's performance as dependent variables. And to analyze this study model, this study collected questionnaires from 152 franchisors' CEOs, and uses SEM(Structural Equation Modeling). As the result, 'CEO's Entrepreneurship' influenced on both 'Franchisor's Financial Performance' and 'Franchisor's Non Financial Performance'. The results of this study provide some guides for franchisor's CEO and government policies.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.213-219
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black rice muffins prepared with various concentrations of chito-oligosaccharide(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%). The the weight of the groups with chito-oligosaccharide was higher than that of the control group, but the height, volume, and specific volume of the groups with chito-oligosaccharide were lower than those of the control group. The moisture contents increased with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The pH decreased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The L value of Hunter's color decreased, but the a and b value increased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. The muffin without the chito-oligosaccharide was the highest hardness. The textural properties revealed the cohesiveness, chewiness, and brittleness of groups with chito-oligosaccharide increased significantly with the addition of chito-oligosaccharide. Antioxidant activities of muffins increased as the amount of chito-oligosaccharide increased.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2009

Cowpea might have been introduced from China to Korea and cultivated for several hundred years but it has never been a staple food crop in Korea. In this study, genetic diversity of 492 Korean cowpea landrace accessions that have passport information was estimated using six SSR markers. The mean of Weir's gene diversity was 0.665 from all accessions investigated in the study. Cowpea gene diversity of six local provinces in Korea was ranged from 0.370 in accessions of Gangwon to 0.680 in Jeonra provinces. Low gene diversity of the cowpea genepool of Gangwon province was probably derived from relatively few introductions. Especially SSR markers VM36 and VM39 seem to be good markers to distinguish the Gangwon accessions from others by occurring at a specific locus with higher than 78% of allele frequency. Except for the Gangwon province with the low genetic diversity, gene diversity of cowpea accessions from other provinces was ranged from 0.600 to 0.680 indicating no big differences among provinces. Distribution pattern of the allele frequencies was similar among the other provinces. This may reveal that Korean farmers might exchange cowpea seeds easily with even their neighbors with geographical barriers. A core collection, 100 landraces, ca. 20% of base collection, was developed at the 70% of a similarity coefficient level using random sampling approaches after stratification of the entire landrace collection based on the phenetic dendrogram. The variability of SSR in the base and core collections of Korean cowpea landrace was compared by calculating Weir's gene diversity. The mean of Weir's gene diversity of the core was 0.707 while that of the base collection was 0.665. The higher diversity index in the core collection indicates that it maintains the initial variability and well represents the base collection. The core collection included one of determinate accession (IT 216155) and two of no branching type accessions (IT 103959 and IT 161024). The core collection could be used to guide more efficient management and utilization of the entire collection. This core collection should be revised periodically as additional accessions are collected and further characterization is conducted.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 2012

TTo increase productivity of a strong extracellular alkaline protease (BCAP), stable strains of Bacillus clausii I-52 carrying another copy of BCAP gene in the chromosome were developed. Integrative vector, pHPS9-fuBCAP carrying BCAP promoter, ribosome binding site, signal sequence and active protease gene was constructed and transferred into B. clausii I-52, and integration of the constructed plasmid into chromosome was identified by PCR. An investigation was carried out on BCAP production by B. clausii I-52 and transformant C5 showing the highest relative activity of alkaline protease using submerged fermentation. Maximum enzyme activity was produced when cells were grown under the submerged fermentation conditions at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with an aeration rate of 1 vvm and agitation rate of 650 rpm in a optimized medium (soybean meal 2%, wheat flour 1%, sodium citrate 0.5%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.4%, $Na_2HPO_4$ 0.1%, NaCl 0.4%, $MgSO_47H_2O$ 0.01%, $FeSO_47H_2O$ 0.05%, liquid maltose 2.5%, $Na_2CO_3$ 0.6%). A protease yield of approximately 134,670U/ml was achieved using an optimized media, which show an increase of approximately 1.6-fold compared to that of non-transformant (83,960 U/ml). When the stability of transformant C5 was examined, the integrated plasmid pHPS9-fuBCAP was detected in the transformant after cultivation for 8 days, suggesting that it maintained stably in the chromosomal DNA of transformant C5.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect size of the difference of job satisfaction by type of employment by combining data from previous studies. For this purpose, the total of 95 articles analyzed. For the analysis of data, CMA(Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) 2.0 program was used and statistical significance was set at 5%(${\alpha}=0.05$). The main conclusions of this study are as follows. First, regular workers have higher job satisfaction than non-regular workers and the effect size of employment type is medium. Second, among five constituents of job satisfaction, the difference of wage and promotion satisfaction is greater than the difference of satisfaction in human relations, work and working environment satisfaction. Third, the job satisfaction of regular and non-regular workers differs according to the occupation areas. Fourth, there is a big difference in job satisfaction in financial, insurance, food and service occupation areas, and regular workers have higher job satisfaction than non - regular workers. On the other hand, non-regular workers have higher job satisfaction than regular workers in health, medical, social occupation areas.