• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.127-137
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes according to the socioeconomic factor of patients who visited the emergency room. Methods: This study conducted frequency analysis, percentage analysis, and Fisher's exact test analysis method, using the R 4.1.2 program based on the 2019 data from the Korea Health Panel. Results: Among the treatment results of 1,648 patients, 392 patients were hospitalized or transferred to other hospitals, 845 were discharged after treatment, 224 were discharged, and 7 died. The Fisher's exact test of treatment outcomes and socioeconomic factors was not statistically significant for status of the worker and employment relationship, but was significant for the housing, household, economic activity, and insurance types, and marital status and education. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to conduct follow up studies on socioeconomic factors to provide basic data that can contribute to fairness and equity in the health care field.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.549-558
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• 2015

Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on vital signs, anxiety, cortisol, and pain of Cataract Surgery Patients in elderly. Non equivalent control group pre-post test design was adopted. The number of subjects consists of 41 elderly having cataract surgery, 21 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results were: 1) there was no difference between two groups in their vital signs changes 2) anxiety, cortisol in the saliva, and pain of the experimental group decreased more significantly than those of the control group. This study confirmed the ability of music therapy to relieve pain and anxiety in cataract surgery, and suggested that music therapy could be used effectively in various interventions for the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of horticulture activity program on self-esteem and school life adaptation of multicultural adolescent. A non-equivalent control group pre-post test design with experimental group (n=39) and control group (n=36) was used. The program was conducted from Jan. 2 to Feb. 28, 2017, and the questionnaire was conducted before and after the program. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS(Ver, 24.0), conducting ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test. There were statistically significant increase in self-esteem(t=2.41, p=.021) and school life adaptation(t=3.85, p=.000) by difference between a pretest and a posttest in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Therefore, the horticulture activity program for multicultural adolescent have a significant effect for better performance of self-esteem and school life adaptation. Also, It was confirmed that the program used for improving adaptability of multicultural adolescent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.330-338
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of blended learning approach on academic achievement and self directed learning skills of nursing undergraduate students. This experimental study is designed for a nonequivalent control group. The number of subjects in this research consists of 145, where 75 of the experimental group participated in blended learning program and 70 of the control group didn't do. The data was analyzed by $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and paired t-test. The effects of blended learning approach on learning outcomes in women's health nursing are as follows : The academic achievement of the experimental group has been more elevated than that of the control group on final examination. The experimental group has made increase in self directed learning skills. The blended learning approach on learning outcomes in nursing major are effective. This study has significant implication in that it identified the availability of the blended learning program and that it would be a useful teaching and learning method to achieve learning outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.481-489
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the effect of laughter therapy on the moods, pain and stress of the patients in a hospice ward. Participants were divided as control (23 patients), and experimental group (26 patients). Laughter therapy was provided for 5 days, and 20-30 minutes per day. Data collected on the $3^{rd}$ and $8^{th}$ day, respectively, were analyzed using SPSS win 24.0 program, Chi-square test, fisher's exact test, Independent-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Experimental groups showed the significant differences in Mood (t= -12.88, p<.001), Pain (t= -6.38, p<.001) and Stress (z= -6.03, p<.001). Conclusion: Laughter therapy was an effective nursing intervention to relieve the negative mood condition, pain and stress on patients, as one of the daily nursing services in the hospice ward.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.556-564
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of team based learning on academic achievement, problem solving skill, and communication ability in high risk pregnant nursing. This experimental study is designed for a equivalent control group. The program was put into practice 1 times a week for 8 weeks. The number of subjects in this research consists of 120, where 60 of the experimental group participated in team based learning program and 60 of the control group didn't do. The data was analyzed by ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. The effects of team based learning approaches on learning outcomes in high risk pregnant nursing are as follows: The problem solving skill of the experimental group has been significantly more elevated than that of the control group. The experimental group has made increase in communication ability. This study has significance in that it identified the availability of the team based learning program and that it would be useful teaching and learning method to achieve learning outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of the industrial nursing practical education program applying online collaborative learning on perceived motivation, problem-solving ability, and communication ability of nursing students in COVID-19 period. The study was carried out according a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 35 nursing college students from K City. Data collection was from October 19 to November 12, 2020. Collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0 with the 𝑥² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. The experimental group had significantly different perceived motivation, and problem-solving ability in comparison to the control group. This suggests that the industrial nursing practical education program applying online collaborative learning in the COVID-19 period can be applied as a way to increase nursing students' perceived motivation, and problem-solving ability.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2018

The study was done to analyze the effects of aroma inhalation method on preoperative anxiety of upper and lower surgical patients. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were a total 60 patients of each group 30 patients that were operated on under general anesthesia for upper and lower limbs surgery. The tool of the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale(APAIS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate levels was measured the day before surgery. The data were analyzed by the $x^2$ test Fisher's exact test, paird t-test, and the independent t-test using SPSS 20.0. Study result indicated that Lavender aroma therapy had the effect on reduction of anxiety before surgery and reduction of blood pressure, and pulse rate levels. Therefore, the study result could be used as a scientifical data that can be applied to the nursing interventions that use the aroma inhalation method and contributing to development of the holistic nursing care.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2639-2646
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• 2015

This study was to identify the effects of supportive nursing intervention using video-program of operating room nurses before operation on laparoscopic hysterectomy patient's anxiety. This study was nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The data were collected from May 1 to Jun 20, 2013 and analyzed by $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test and t-test using SPSS 20.0 program. Experimental group(who received supportive nursing intervention) and control group(who received booklet education) was respectively consisted of 25 patients who were laparoscopy hysterectomy. The anxiety(p=.002) of experimental group was significantly lower than control group. The systolic(p=.012) and diastolic(p=.045) pressure of experimental group was significantly lower than control group, but pulse wasn't. The supportive nursing intervention for preoperative patient is considered effective and useful in reducing anxiety. Further research is warranted to investigate the supportive nursing intervention long-term effect.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.291-299
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• 2019

This study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest designed to understand the effect of ethical dilemma discussion program on human rights sensitivity and ethical values of university students. By providing ethical dilemma discussion program to university students in C university, G-do, the effectiveness was verified. Analyzed using IBM SPSS 24.0. The normality of the variables was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. Homogeneity was verified using real number and percentage, Fisher's exact probability test and independent t-test. The program's effect was verified using paired t-test. The results of this study are as follows: after the ethical dilemma discussion program, the experimental group's human rights sensitivity(t=-2.32, p=.025), and ethical value(t=-2.43, p=.020) were higher than the control group. Therefore, the ethical dilemma discussion program of this study helped improve the human rights susceptibility and ethical values of the subjects. Further research is needed to verify the effects of ethics education on diverse groups.