• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2015

Last five years, Occupational injury rate is declining but still a standstill as 2%, if the rate of deaths all people from 2% to 1% in 2013, but decreased as, occupational safety and health in terms industrial accidents yet has a very weak structure in very small Manufacturing workplace. The purpose of this study was to survey a 1:1 directly person interviews with a structured questionnaire intended for 150 a very small manufacturing workplace. In the results, working with non-regular(informal) workers is one in 10 persons 11.7% and female workers is about three people on 10 persons with 31.0%, and that 75% of non-regular workers who are mainly engaged in the production line appeared. And the work-related injury and accident experience was 4.0% and the occupational injury rate was 1.24%, especially occupational injury rate of older workers was 3.65%, a female workers 1.72%. Workplace risk assessment carried out in response that it was very low as 9.3% of the total. In the technology and funding programs that are supported by the government, was highest with 62.7% of the clean support program awareness, awareness of the rest of the programs is about 10-14% lower. And the satisfaction of supporting a clean support program were the highest 81.3%.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 2017

Ethyl formate, a volatile solvent, has insecticidal and fungicidal properties and is suggested as a potential fumigant for stored crop and fruit. Its primary contact route is through the respiratory tract; however, reliable repeated toxicological studies focusing on the inhalation route have not been published to date. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the safety of a 90-day repeated inhalation exposure in rats. Forty male and 40 female rats were exposed to ethyl formate vapor via inhalation at concentrations of 0, 66, 330, and 1,320 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks. Clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis, hematologic parameters, serum chemistry measurements, organ weights, necropsy, and histopathological findings were compared between the control and ethyl formate-exposed groups. Locomotor activity decreased during exposure and recovered afterward in male and female rats exposed to 1,320 ppm ethyl formate. Body weight and food consumption continuously decreased in both sexes exposed to 1,320 ppm ethyl formate from week 1 or 3 compared with the control values. The increases in adrenal weight and decreases in thymus weight were noted in both sexes exposed to ethyl formate at 1,320 ppm. Degeneration, squamous metaplasia of olfactory epithelium in the nasopharyngeal tissue, or both were noted in the male and female rats at 1,320 ppm and female rats at 330 ppm ethyl formate. Taken together, our results indicate that ethyl formate-induced changes were not observed in male and female rats at 330 and 66 ppm, respectively. This indicates that exposure to ethyl formate at concentrations below 66 ppm for 90 days is relatively safe in rats. This is the first report of a full-scale repeated inhalation toxicity assessment in rats and could contribute to controlling occupational environmental hazards related to ethyl formate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.158-165
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• 2014

The statistics of occupational injuries and illnesses is one of the most important indicators of worker's safety and health in the field of occupational safety and health. The conventional statistics was produced without consideration of gender difference. This study was planned to investigate the difference of occupational injuries and illnesses by gender because that recently female workers was increased through the change of industrial structure such as from manufacturing dominated to service dominated structure. Statistics of occupational injuries and illnesses collected by workmen's compensation insurance system that have no information about gender composition of population. Economically active population survey was used to calculated the rate of occupational injuries and illnesses by gender. The distribution of estimated rate of occupational injuries and illnesses by industry, occupation and the type of accident were different between male and female employees, but those by the size of enterprise, age of the injured, the duration of the first recuperation, and job tenure were similar between male and female employees. This study has shown that gender sensitive approach may be applied to policy of occupational safety and health because that gender neutral perspective may not discover the fact of gender specific problems.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : Male and female rats were administered orally with Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz water extract of 1,000 mg/kg(low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg(middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results : No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology. But we found out subtle changes in body weight and individual organ weight of the female group. In addition specific changes were observed in serum biochemical value of female group. Conclusions : These results suggest that water soluble extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats. Also Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz is expected to be sensitive with respect to the female.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore how adolescents' psychological characteristics affect their sense of life safety according to gender. To this end, a survey was conducted on male and female high school students in six schools in the C area, and a total of 1,048 data were used for analysis. Differences in major variables according to gender were verified, and the effect of psychological characteristics on living safety awareness was analyzed through hierarchical multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, depression, anxiety, type A characteristics, and the presence or absence of experience in accidents did not significantly affect life safety awareness in the male student group. On the other hand, in the female student group, anxiety and type A characteristics had a significant effect on life safety awareness. Anxiety negatively affects living safety awareness, and type A characteristics have been shown to have a positive effect on living safety awareness. The presence or absence of depression and accident experience did not significantly affect life safety awareness. The results of these studies suggest that gender differences should be considered in education to prevent life safety awareness and that education that reflects the psychological characteristics of adolescents is necessary.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

This research aims to examine and analyze behavior of consumers in pursuit of safety the basis of data Korea Consumer Agency in 2007 2,000 male and females older than 20 years old in Korea. In particular, this study investigates the impact of and life styles of consumers in pursuit of safety. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. First of all, Korean consumers tend to place emphasis on factors such as price and freshness rather than safety in the purchase of vegetables, meats, rice, and fruit.Second, the safety consciousness of consumers is high among female young consumers among consumers showing intermediate positions for the issue of opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. Third, this study also examines the impact of life styles on consumers' behavior in pursuit of safety. Such behavior is high among consumers emphasizing values on family and current consumption and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for imported foreign agricultural products. Finally, behavior in pursuit of safety is high among female, high school graduated, family-oriented consumers and valuing leisure and showing negative attitudes opening domestic markets for foreign agricultural products. However, safety consciousness of consumers do not generate direct impact on patterns of pursuing safety.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2009

This study was conducted in search of the acceptance level of air traffic services from domestic airlines pilot's perspective in comparison with male controllers and female controllers. Pilots responded to the questionnaire that female ATC controllers are of significance to male controllers in terms of pronunciation, accuracy of English grammar, attitude and kindness. Besides, The ICAO aviation English proficiency level four test revealed that female controllers were found superior to male controllers in terms of rating scales of holistic descriptors.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Purpose: This research was for understanding the attitudinal difference by gender towards emotional design through questionnaire survey with female and male inpatients on environmental characteristics of wards in general hospitals. Methods: The survey was conducted by questioning inpatients at two general hospitals on the importance rating on emotional design elements of patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. Eighty questionnaires were returned and used for data analyses through SPSS windows version 15.0 statistic package program. Results: 1) In general, female patients considered emotional design of wards as more important than male patients and the most outstanding difference was indicated for patient rooms among patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. For patient rooms the comfortability index was rated as the most important to both female and male inpatient groups, and for lounges and hallways the safety index was evaluated as the most important to both gender groups. 2)For lounges, while male patients rated 'prevention of infection' important among safety relating items, women considered 'accident prevention' more important. It is inferred that female patients have more safety needs and anxiety about physical injury or accidents than male ones do. Implications: It is considered that there need to be further succeeding in-depth studies, e.g. research interviews with inpatient;s family members or other caregivers as well as patients themselves.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to identify the validity of breast cancer symptom questionnaire of worker's special health examination and its relationship with breast ultrasonography findings in young female night workers. Methods: The breast cancer symptom questionnaire data of worker's special health examination and breast ultrasonography results in young female shift workers who worked in one electronic manufacture company were collected from 2014 to 2018. Results: Of the 857 workers, 18 had a Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System category 4 or higher. Among other variables, shift work tenure alone was associated with the risk of having a Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System category higher than 4. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the symptom questionnaire were 16.7%, 87.7%, 2.8%, and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The current breast cancer symptom questionnaire of the worker's special health examination is inappropriate due to its low sensitivity and positive predictive value. In the future, female night workers will need alternative measures for more accurate screening for breast cancer.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.166-180
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• 2012

This review summarizes the epidemiology of cancer of the female reproductive system and associated lifestyle factors. It also assesses the available evidence for occupational factors associated with these cancers. Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers are relatively common, and cause significant cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, whereas vulvar, vaginal, fallopian tube cancers, and choriocarcinomas are very rare. As several lifestyle factors are known to play a major role in the etiology of these cancers, very few published studies have investigated possible relationships with occupational factors. Some occupational exposures have been associated with increased risks of these cancers, but apart from the available evidence on the relationships between asbestos fibers and ovarian cancer, and tetrachloroethylene and cervical cancer, the data is rather scarce. Given the multifactorial nature of cancers of the female reproductive system, it is of the utmost importance to conduct occupational studies that will gather detailed data on potential individual confounding factors, in particular reproductive history and other factors that influence the body's hormonal environment, together with information on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors, including physical activity from multiple sources. Studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the female reproductive organs are also needed in order to elucidate the possible role of chemical exposures in the development of these cancers.