• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2022

For biodiversity conservation, the importance of beta-diversity which is changes in the composition of species according to environmental changes has become emphasized. However, given the systematic investigation of species distribution and the accumulation of large amounts of data in the Republic of Korea(ROK), research on the spatialization of beta-diversity using them is insufficient. Accordingly, this research investigated the applicability of the Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling(GDM) to ROK, which can predict and map the similarity of compositional turnover (beta-diversity) based on environmental variables. A brief overview of the statistical description on using GDM was presented, and a model was fitted using the flora distribution data(410,621points) from the National Ecosystem Survey and various environmental spatial data including climate, soil, topography, and land cover. Procedures and appropriated spatial units required to improve the explanatory power of the model were presented. As a result, it was found that geographical distance, temperature annual range, summer temperature, winter precipitation, and soil factors affect the dissimilarity of the vegetation community composition. In addition, as a result of predicting the similarity of vegetation composition across the nation, and classifying them into 20 and 100 zones, the similarity was high mainly in the central inland area, and tends to decrease toward the mountainous areas, southern coastal regions, and island including Jeju island, which means the composition of the vegetation community is unique and beta diversity is high. In addition, it was identified that the number of common species between zones decreased as the geographic distance between zones increased. It classified the spatial distribution of plant community composition in a quantitative and objective way, but additional research and verification are needed for practical application. It is expected that research on community-level biodiversity modeling in the ROK will be conducted more actively based on this study.

• 암석학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

청송 북부에는 청송 암맥군, 중태산 병반과 갈평지 암주 등의 화성관입체를 산출한다. 청송 암맥군은 다양한 구과를 발달시키는 유문암질 암맥들로 구성된다. 암맥들의 분포는 갈평지 암주를 중심으로 기하학적으로 방사상 패턴을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 관입체들의 화학조성은 암맥군의 공급원을 지시한다. 여기서 우리는 3개 관입체로부터 28개의 시료에 대한 조성적 자료를 보고한다. 관입체들은 같은 유문암질 조성이지만, 조성대비에 의하면, 관입체 조성 간에 상당히 중첩된다. 특히 청송 암맥군은 암석 색깔에 의해 몇몇 암맥그룹으로 구분되고 조성 다양성을 나타내지만, 대체로 기타 관입암 조성과 중첩을 나타낸다. 중태산 병반은 청송 암맥군과 비교하면 알칼리, $K_2O$와 $Al_2O_3$이 더 풍부하며 $Fe_2O_3{^t}$, $TiO_2$과 REE가 더 고갈되어 있다. 이와 대조적으로, 갈평지 암주는 화학조성이 더 좁은 범위를 나타내며, 청송 암맥군과 흔히 예리한 조성중첩을 가진다. 이러한 조성대비에 의하면 갈평지 암주는 조성적으로 청송 암맥군의 공급원으로 판단되며 화산작용의 에피소드로 연결된다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological characteristics of forest cover types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Sobaeksan on the basis of the vegetation data from the point-quarter sampling method. Recognized forest cover types were 1) Mixed mesophytic forest, 2) Taxus cuspidata forest, 3) Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica forest, 4) Betula ermanii forest, 5) Pinus densiflora forest, 6) Quercus mongolica mixed forest, and 7) Quercus mongolica pure forest. For those of classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value (IV) to describe the community floristically. The species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. The results showed that the forest cover types were characteristically different from one another in growing species and compositional rates, depending upon the type which was formed by a number of similar vegetational sample points. Species diversity indices (H') of total and overstory both were the highest in the mixed mesophytic forest (3.530 and 2.880, respectively), and lowest in the Q. mongolica pure forest (2.122 and 0.000, respectively) with only one canopy species. The highest species diversity in the mixed mesophytic forest may due to the relatively high species richness and evenness in the forest cover types. The description on ecological characteristics were suggested to understand the formation and development of forest cover types in this study area.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.24-37
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• 2021

[Purpose] To determine whether physical activity (PA), primarily the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA, is associated with gut bacterial microbiota in 10-year-old children. [Methods] The Block Physical Activity Screener, which provides minutes/day PA variables, was used to determine whether the child met the PA recommendations. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples from the children to profile the composition of their gut bacterial microbiota. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou's evenness, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity) by PA were determined using linear regression, whereas beta diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac) relationships were assessed using PERMANOVA. Taxon relative abundance differentials were determined using DESeq2. [Results] The analytic sample included 321 children with both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (mean age [SD] =10.2 [0.8] years; 54.2% male; 62.9% African American), where 189 (58.9%) met the PA recommendations. After adjusting for covariates, meeting the PA recommendations as well as minutes/day PA variables were not significantly associated with gut richness, evenness, or diversity (p ≥ 0.19). However, meeting the PA recommendations (weighted UniFrac R² = 0.014, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with distinct gut bacterial composition. These compositional differences were partly characterized by increased abundance of Megamonas and Anaerovorax as well as specific Christensenellaceae_R-7_group taxa in children with higher PA. [Conclusion] Children who met the recommendations of PA had altered gut microbiota compositions. Whether this translates to a reduced risk of obesity or associated metabolic diseases is still unclear.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

The glycome consists of all glycans (or carbohydrates) within a biological system, and modulates a wide range of important biological activities, from protein folding to cellular communications. The mining of the glycome for disease markers represents a new paradigm for biomarker discovery; however, this effort is severely complicated by the vast complexity and structural diversity of glycans. This review summarizes recent developments in analytical technology and methodology as applied to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. Mass spectrometric strategies for glycan compositional profiling are described, as are potential refinements which allow structure-specific profiling. Analytical methods that can discern protein glycosylation at a specific site of modification are also discussed in detail. Biomarker discovery applications are shown at each level of analysis, highlighting the key role that glycoscience can play in helping scientists understand disease biology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2015

This study characterized the fecal bacterial community structure and inter-individual variation in 30-week-old Duroc pigs, which are known for their excellent meat quality. Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes generated 108,254 valid reads and 508 operational taxonomic units at a 95% identity cut-off (genus level). Bacterial diversity and species richness as measured by the Shannon diversity index were significantly greater than those reported previously using denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; thus, this study provides substantial information related to both known bacteria and the untapped portion of unclassified bacteria in the population. The bacterial composition of Duroc pig fecal samples was investigated at the phylum, class, family, and genus levels. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes predominated at the phylum level, while Clostridia and Bacteroidia were most abundant at the class level. This study also detected prominent inter-individual variation starting at the family level. Among the core microbiome, which was observed at the genus level, Prevotella was consistently dominant, as well as a bacterial phylotype related to Oscillibacter valericigenes, a valerate producer. This study found high bacterial diversity and compositional variation among individuals of the same breed line, as well as high abundance of unclassified bacterial phylotypes that may have important functions in the growth performance of Duroc pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1972-1982
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• 2016

Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome of negative polarity. Owing to the antigenic diversity and cross concrete shift, an immense number of novel strains have developed astronomically over the years. The present work deals with the codon utilization partialness among five different influenza A viruses isolated from human hosts. All the subtypes showed the homogeneous pattern of nucleotide utilization with a little variation in their utilization frequencies. A lower bias in codon utilization was observed in all the subtypes as reflected by higher magnitudes of an efficacious number of codons. Dinucleotide analysis showed very low CpG utilization and a high predilection of A/T-ending codons. The H5N1 subtype showed noticeable deviation from the rest. Codon pair context analysis showed remarkable depletion of NNC-GNN and NNT-ANN contexts. The findings alluded towards GC-compositional partialness playing a vital role, which is reflected in the consequential positive correlation between the GC contents at different codon positions. Untangling the codon utilization profile would significantly contribute to identifying novel drug targets that will pacify the search for antivirals against this virus.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2015

Male skirt is found in traditional costumes all over the world. Due to the development of tailoring skills in the early Middle ages, men started wearing breeches and pantaloons gradually distinguishing the different characteristics of menswear and womenswear. Since then, skirt became the strong representation of the female gender, symbolizing the feminism. However, under the influences of technological development and diversification in 2000s, gender identity has been diversely expressed in modern fashion allowing male gender to embrace different sexual identities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the nature of male skirts, which have been popularized in modern men's fashion through both the expressional elements and compositional elements. This study associates design elements of male skirt, gradually appearing in the contemporary men's fashion with the sexual symbolism and reinterpreted it's significance in the flow of the modern fashion. Reinterpretation of the gender image in costumes are considered to contribute to the cultural context and extension in diversity. These research results forms a basic foundation to expand in studies of men's fashion design and gender image of costumes through cultural contexts and it's changes. It is considered that this can lay groundwork to make various attempts at passing over the archetype of the gender image besides the continuous appearance of male skirt in the field of fashion design.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 1993

경기도(京畿道) 광주군(廣州郡)과 전라남도(全羅南道) 광양군(光陽郡)에 위치한 서울대학교(大學校) 연습림(演習林)에서 참나무류(類)가 주종을 이루고 있는 천여(天然) 활엽수림(闊葉樹林)의 구성적(構成的)인 특정을 중심으로 임분(林分) 구조(構造)를 파악하여 보다 효율적으로 경영하기 위한 기초 생태학적(生態學的) 그리고 조림학적(造林學的) 정보를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 표본 조사 방법은 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 6cm 이상의 목본(木本) 식생(植生)에 대하여 점사분법(點四分法)을 이용하였고, 광주군의 산림에는 152개의 표본점을, 광양군 산림에는 187개의 표본점을 설정하였다. 두 지역의 조사 임분에 대하여 1) 중요치(重要値) 산출에 의한 수종(樹種) 구성(構成) 상태(狀態), 2) 주요 구성 수종별 단위 면적당 임목수, 3) 두 지역 산림의 수종(樹種) 다양성(多樣性), 그리고 4) $X^2$ 검정(檢定)에 의한 참나무류 6수종에 대한 종간(種間) 상관관계(相關關係)를 비교 분석하였다. 참나무류의 상대우점도는 경기도 광주군에서 88%정도이고, 전남 광양지역에서는 50%정도로서, 두 지역에서 굴참나무와 신갈나무가 공통적으로 높은 우점도를 나타내고 있었다. 굴참나무는 광주지역에서 낮은 분포를 보이고, 상수리나무, 떡갈나무, 갈참나무는 광양에서 거의 출현하지 않았다. 참나무군집의 종다양성과 균재도는 광주에서 각각 0.82와 0.61인 반면, 광양지역은 각각 1.09와 0.73를 나타낸 것으로 보아서, 광주지역은 인간의 간섭을 더 많이 받은 지역으로 여겨지며, 광양지역은 서어나무, 단풍나무, 고로쇠나무 등이 많이 침입하여 종다양성이 증가하고 천이가 상대적으로 더 진전되고 있었다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.200-213
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• 2002

안동저반은 안동, 도산, 풍산, 임하, 녹전 등의 5개 심성암체로 구분되며 이후에 각섬석 반려암의 예안심성암체가 동부에 별도로 노출된다. 이는 각 암체들이 관입.고결이 시간 간격을 두고 맥동적으로 다상 정치되었음을 반영한다. 본역에서 암체들은 화학적 성질과 변화에 의하면 예안심성암체를 제외하고 모두 칼크알칼리 계열에 속하며, 모두 조산대의 대륙호 환경에 속한다. 그러나 모든 암체는 동일한 REE 패턴을 가지면서 서로 다른 독자적 변화를 나타내기 때문에 동일 마그마에 의한 분화 산물이 아니라 그 성인과 마그마과정이 달랐다는 것을 지시한다 또한 주원소와 미량원소에서 예안과 도산심성암체는 기타 암체와는 거의 모든 변화도에서 독자적으로 조성단절, 불일치 변화경향 등의 매우 뚜렷한 차이를 나타낸다. 안동, 풍산와 임하심성암체는 일부 원소에서 연속 변화경향을 나타내지만 몇몇 원소에서 불일치 변화경향이 관찰된다 따라서 본역의 모든 암체는 각각 서로 다른 조성의 마그마로부터 형성되었음을 지시한다. 안동저반에서 암체들간의 조성변화와 REE 패턴은 동일한 일차 마그마로부터 단순한 분별결정작용에 의해 설명될 수 없고 마그마의 근원물질이 다르거나 불균질 기원을 나타낸다. 안동, 도산과 풍산심성암체에서 $Al_2$$O_3$/(MgO+$FeO^{t}$ ) 몰비가 낮고 CaO/(MgO+$FeO^{t}$ ) 몰비가 높은 것은 변성현무암질 내지 변성토날라이트질 근원지로부터 용응에 의해 유래되었음을 지시한다. 반면에 임하심성암체에서 CaO/(MgO+$FeO^{t}$ ) 몰비가 비슷하지만 변성그레이와케 근원암을 지시하는 높은 $Al_2$$O_3$/(MgO+$FeO^{t}$ ) 몰비를 나타낸다. 화강암의 "결"과 미세균열의 방향성을 측정하기 위하여 최대 균열 변형율과 최소 균열 변형율의 비($\varepsilon$max/$\varepsilon$min)를 계산하였다. 그 비는 2.42에서 3.43까지의 높은 값을 가지는데, 이는 연구지역의 조립질 화강암류 석재에 발달되어 있는 미세균열은 대부분이 일정한 방향성을 보이는 입자내 균열임을 시사한다.분이 일정한 방향성을 보이는 입자내 균열임을 시사한다. 화학(化學)간장은 양조(釀造)간장은 비(比)해 철분함량(鐵分含量)이 높았다. 7. 시판(市販)간장중(中)의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 제조원(製造元)에 따라 다양하나 총질소(總窒素) 1.0으로 환산(換算)하여 평균(平均) 62.7ppm이었으며 재래식(在來式) 간장의 철분함량(鐵分含量)은 평균(平均) 37.68ppm이었다.보건관리 5.67 시간, 모자보건 및 가족계획 5.52 시간, 사업 운영관리 및 지도 4.10시간, 지역사회 조직 및 개발 3.05 시간, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집 2.94 시간, 사업계획 수립 2.89시간의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 보건진료원의 업무영역별 수행 소요시간의 상판판계를 살펴보면 지역사펴 조직 및 개발을 위 해 소요한 시간은 사엽계획 수립 소요시간 및 보건정 보체계 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를, 사업 계획 수립 소요시간은 지역사회 보건관리, 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리 소요시간 및 보건정보체제 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 통상질환관리 소요시간은 지역 사회 조직 및 개발, 사업계획 수립, 지역사회 보건관리와 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리, 사업운영 관리 및 지도, 보건정보체계 관리 소요시간과 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 6) 보건진료원의 총 업무수행 정도를 잘펴보면 업무수행 점수의 평균은 87.5점이었으며 보건진료원의 근무지가 병지이고 보건진료소의 시설상태가