• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.247-247
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• 2005

The attachment representation of 40 36- to 52-month-old upper-middle class children was analyzed in relation to their attachment security and mother-child interaction behaviors. Instruments were the Attachment Story Completion Task(Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990), the Attachment Q-set, and the Vocabulary test of the K-WIPPSI. Mother-child interaction behaviors were observed at home during semi-structured problem-solving situations. The Attachment Story Completion Task classified Korean preshoolers from these upper-middle class families as securely attached to their mothers. Girls' representation of their attachment relationship was more secure than boys. Preschoolers' attachment representation was significantly related to vocabulary ability. Attachment security correlated positively with preschool children's attachment representation. Mother-child interaction behaviors related significantly to preschool children's attachment representation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.141-157
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• 1993

The purpose of this study were to collect the data for searching the better day care service programs among the employed mothers of the urban low income class. The Subject were 280 low income class employed mothers with the child under age of six, who lived at the Gwang-ju City. The frequency, percentage, and χ2test were calculated for the analysis of the collected data. The Results were as follows ; 1) Most of the urban low income class employed mothers needed day care facilities. 2) Urban low income class employed mothers preferred a center-based day care program to any other type of day care program. They also preferred the whole-day day care service 8 A.M. to 6 pp.M. rather than the half-day care service. Mothers with the child at the age of 3 to 6 years mostly wanted day care program service. 3) They expected the government or their companies to support considerable amount of day care service fee. Most of mothers emphasized the child's every day life's and love for the children was most preferred. Mothers also wanted 14-16 years for teacher's education career.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of both social-status and mode of stimulus-presentation on children's empathic behavior, where empathy is defined as either the comprehension and recognition of an affective state in stimulus persons (others) or the empathic response to that perception. Middle-and lower-class kindergarten children were presented with a series of either short-sentence stories or short-pictorial stories. The subjects were asked to indicate how the child in each situation felt by selecting a "happy", "sad", or "angry" face to complete the picture accompanying each story. Immediately following the first question, children were asked to state verbally how the child in the picture might feel. The main results were (1) The mean empathy scores for the comprehension and recognition of an affective state in others and the empathic response to that perception was higher in middle-class children than in lower-class children. (2) There were differences in empathy scores to the three affective situations, i.e. the mean score for both happiness and sadness was significantly greater than for aggression, and (3) The empathy scores in the pictorial-stories were greater than in the sentence-stories.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.808-817
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• 2016

This study aims at reviewing differences of awareness toward speech-language therapy according to background variables of child-care teachers, and establishing a basic data necessary for special education support programs afterwards based on child-care centers and its characteristics with the results. Researcher carried out a survey by objecting child-care teachers of Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, and looked into existence of some differences through SPSS 20.0 for Window, independent sample t-Test, ANOVA, Scheffe post verification on background characteristics such as level of education, working career, license grade, whether or not to have objects of speech-language objects in the class. Research results are same as follows. First, significant differences in awareness of child-care teachers toward speech-language therapy appeared from license grade among characteristics like level of education, license grade, whether or not to have objects of speech-language therapy in the class. Second, significant differences were displayed from whether or not to have objects of speech-language therapy in the class among characteristics such as level of education, working career, license grade, and whether or not to have objects of speech-language therapy. When putting these results together, a conclusion could be made such like awareness of child-care teachers toward speech-language therapy and therapists is able to be different a little according to background variables of teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

This study aimed to identify parents' experiences of child-rearing on Saturday with no class as well as their perceptions and demands on the Five-day School Week system. The study participants were 640 parents with first to second grade children. The major results were as follows: First, parents were generally satisfied with the Five-day School Week System. Second, the Five-day School Week System increased fathers' role-sharing on the Saturday with no class. It was also related with some of the demographic variables and the Five-Week Workweek System of the father and the mother. Third, both the fathers and mothers had more parenting stress on Saturdays with no class than on Saturdays with classes. Their parenting stress on Saturdays with no class was related with some demographic variables and work flexibility.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to forecast demand of childcare teachers based ion four different scenarios. In order to, the demand for childcare teachers from 2015 to 2024 were forecasted using time series techniques with data on the number of childcare teachers from 2003 to 2014. Results were as followings. Firstly, the demand for childcare teachers was expected to increase until 2019, but after 2020 steadily decreased in terms of scenario 1(child teacher ratio regulation). According to scenario 2(child teacher ratio based on 17 cities and provinces), the demand for childcare teachers was expected to need 440 teachers more until 2016. Then, according to scenario 3(two teachers each class), Scenario 4-1(one teacher and one staff each 2 toddler class and 3 older class) and scenario 4-2(one teacher and one staff each class), the demand of childcare teachers and staffs were estimated. These results implicated that childcare teachers and staffs supply policy would be established according to forecast demand.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.115-143
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine underlying types of developmental trajectories of adaptation to child care among infants and toddlers. This study also aimed to identify latent classes in their child care adaptation types in order to find predictors that account for individual differences. Methods: Participants were 420 mothers of infants and toddlers and 123 teachers. The levels of child care adaptation of participating infants and toddlers were rated monthly from early April to June, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling, latent class analysis and multinominal logistic analysis. Results: The results of growth trajectories of child care adaptation showed there were two to four latent groups by dimension of child care adaptation. Also, the groups of individual dimensions of child care adaptation were classified into three latent classes, which were 'complying and positive group', 'negative group', and 'individualized group. Multinominal logistic analysis revealed that children's age, gender, and temperament differentiated the three latent classes of adaptation to child care. Conclusion/Implications: The results show individual characteristics that infants and toddlers possess should be prudently considered in order for successful adaptation to child care.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2008

This study analyzed home environment, self-efficacy and parents' child rearing attitudes of disruptive children and of cooperative children in the classroom. Participants were 322 children(11-12 years of age) and 49 teachers. Instruments were four kinds of questionnaires. Data were analyzed by T-test and Fisher's exact test. Results of between group differences in parents' academic backgrounds showed more parents of cooperative children had completed high school. Disruptive children's mothers were more occupied outside the home; cooperative children's mothers engaged in more housework at home. Disruptive children's perceptions of their economic status were lower than cooperative children's perceptions. Results of comparison of general self-efficacy, scholastic self-efficacy, and home environment showed that disruptive children were statistically lower than cooperative children on all sub-variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate infants' individual attempts at interaction with their teachers in the two-year-old class curriculum of a child care center. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed both the types of interactions that infants attempted with their teachers, as well as the underlying message contained in infants' attempts at of interacting. This study used the complete participation observation methodology following an ethnographic approach, a research method which can help us see the whole picture by tracing the main causes and connections. The participants in this study were 13 infants and their teachers in 2 two-year-old classes (Hope and Love) of the Vision Child Care Center located in G city. The researcher, who was also a Hope-class teacher, ad as an observer, and the Love-class teacher acted as an assistant observer. Participant observation was made everyday except the days when field trips and group activities wewe planned, from october 2009 to January 2010. A variety of methods were used to collect materials, such as participant observation, in-depth interviews and collection of documents.