• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of cyber security at the Busan Port container terminal and derive strengthening factors through exploratory research. In recent years, the maritime industry has actively adopted Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, resulting in changes in the form of ports, such as automated and smart terminals. While these changes have brought positive improvements in port efficiency, they have also increased the potential for cyber security incidents and threats, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to terminal operations disruption. Especially in the case of ports, cyber security threats can have not only local effects within the port but also physical damage and implications for national security. However, despite the growing cyber security threats within ports, research related to domestic port cyber security remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors for enhancing cyber security in ports and derive future enhancement strategies. The study conducted an analysis focusing on the Busan Port container terminal, which is one of the leading ports in South Korea actively adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, and conducted a survey of stakeholders in the Busan Port container terminal. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was used to derive strengthening factors. This study holds significance in providing directions for enhancing cyber security in domestic container ports in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2003

Since the beginning of open-door policy, China has been making rapid annual growth with an average 10% economic development. And due to this rapid growth, cargo volumes via ports have been also rapidly increased, and accordingly, current China government has intensively invested in port development. Further, this development project is significantly big scale, compared with those project which Korea and Japan have. Thus, China is beginning to threaten Korean ports, especially Busan port which try to be a hub port in Northeast Asia. For this reason, it has been very important issue for Korea and Busan port to investigate or analyze Chinese ports based on empirical data. Especially, although various studies related to Shanghai and Hong Kong have been conducted, the competitiveness of overall Chinese major ports has been little studied. In this paper, we analyzed competitiveness level of eight Chinese ports with capabilities as container terminal, based on reliable sources. From data analysis, eight Chinese ports were classified into four groups according to competitiveness level. Rankings among four clusters based on competitiveness level are cluster(Hone Kong), cluster C(Shanghai), cluster A(Qingdao, Tianjin, and Yantian) and cluster D(Dalian, Shekou, and Xiamen).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.5 s.121
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• pp.353-359
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• 2007

Effective plan and operation managements can be established in advance if the traffic volume of container ship will be forecasted in the trend for container port's cargo volume to increase. At the viewpoint for marine traffic the number of incoming and outgoing container ship can be presumed in the long run and organised rational plan to deal the demand of marine traffic on the basis. Therefore, the paper estimated the future traffic volume of incoming and outgoing container ship for Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon port on a forecasting data basis of container volume suggested in the national ports base plan. The trends of volume per ship on container were estimated with ARIMA models and seasonal index was computed. Thus the traffic volume of container ship in the future was estimated computing with volume per ship in 2011,2015, and 2020 respectively.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.131-146
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to predict the railway cargo volume on Busan new-port and north-port, in order to revitalize railway transport. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the description of the objective and methods on this study. Section 2 presents the status of Railway Cargo volumes and Construction plan of railway facilities in Busan New port. Section 3 presents the Forecast Railway Cargo volume using a volume ratio, actual volume records and another predicted datas. Section 4 summarizes our conclusions and further research topics. Especially, korea faces enforcement of green Logistics policy. Modal shift to trail freight transportation is one of ways, but there are no more detail plans. so it need that a cooperation system in government department, a indirect subside policy shift to rail freight transportation from trucking for revitalization of Railway Freight transportation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.314-324
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• 2021

Competition between ports around the world is intensifying to attract transshipment cargo. However, recently, there have been concerns about the departure of transshipment cargo volume at Busan Port, such as the lifting of the cabotage policy in China's shipping sector and the implementation of a safe fare system. In terms of operation, terminal congestion and vehicle waiting time are seriously occurring due to imbalance in the transshipment volume of each terminal and vehicles concentrated in a specific time period. In this paper, we propose a method of inter-terminal transportation (ITT) using buffer space to solve the problem caused by inefficient ITT systems and presented a mixed integer programming (MIP) for the problem. The effect of using the buffer space was analyzed for various work volumes and capacity fluctuation ranges by applying the terminal congestion pattern and ITT vehicle in/out pattern based on the Busan New Port data.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.777-783
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• 2011

Interest about Modal Shift is not being decreased, and it is drawing limelight as green logistics which meets low carbon green growth of National development vision. As an effect of Modal Shift, not only reduction in CO2 emission but also reduction in social cost, logistics cost etc. are being discussed. However, until now research about its practical transformation effect has been scanty. In this study, the actual expenses via CO2 emission, social cost, and logistics cost etc. by road transportation and rail transportation of container cargo with Origin/Destination between Busan-Kyeonggi Area were calculated and we propose beneficial effects when transportation mode is transformed from road to rail with Scenario Planning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2023

As containerized maritime transport began in earnest, the size of container ships has steadily increased, and recently, the operation of 24,000 TEU-class vessels has become regular. However, concerns about the efficiency and productivity of such mega container ships from a port operational perspective have continued to be raised. The 10^th Busan International Port Conference requested an in-depth study on the trends of container ship enlargement by analyzing the order status of ultra-large container ships from major global liners. Generally, the factor that drives the upsizing of ships is the realization of economies of scale that lowers transportation costs per TEU, which leads to a higher level of cost reduction per unit transportation compared to the increase in fuel consumption due to transporting large amounts of cargo with a single ship. However, it is necessary to examine whether this trend of container vessel enlargement is feasible for port operations. To this end, this study compares and analyzes the productivity and efficeiency of different ship sizes to evaluate the effect of ship size on port operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2023

As containerized maritime transport began in earnest, the size of container ships has steadily increased, and recently, the operation of 24,000 TEU-class vessels has become regular. However, concerns about the efficiency and productivity of such mega container ships from a port operational perspective have continued to be raised. The 10th Busan International Port Conference requested an in-depth study on the trends of container ship enlargement by analyzing the order status of ultra-large container ships from major global liners. Generally, the factor that drives the upsizing of ships is the realization of economies of scale that lowers transportation costs per TEU, which leads to a higher level of cost reduction per unit transportation compared to the increase in fuel consumption due to transporting large amounts of cargo with a single ship. However, it is necessary to examine whether this trend of container vessel enlargement is feasible for port operations. To this end, this study compares and analyzes the productivity and efficeiency of different ship sizes to evaluate the effect of ship size on port operations.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.103-119
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• 2021

Ports in Korea have been increasing in terms of volume while they have performed functions and roles such as industrial ports in promoting industries of their hinterlands as well as commercial ports supporting imports and exports. Nevertheless, specialization degree is different from port to port by cargo type and the changes in cargo volume. This study aims to analyze the structural changes and the degree of concentration and specialization by cargo type and port between 2001 and 2020. Top 10 ports were analyzed in terms of traffic volume by categorizing liquid, dry, general cargo and containers. HHI(Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), LQ(Location Coefficient), and shift-share analysis were employed in order to identify the degree of concentration, specialization and changes in cargo volume by port and cargo type. As a result of the analysis, the degree of port concentration and specialization for each cargo of 4 categories have maintained a high level, and no significant difference were found in fluctuations over the past 20 years. As a result of calculating the flucation of cargo volume through the shift-share analysis, the growth rate of liquid cargo was high in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port in dry cargo, and Busan Port in general cargo and container ports. The result implies that it is not expected that the structural changes including degree of cargo concentration, specialization and relative fluctuation of cargo volume is significant in Korean ports in the future since the effects of economies of scale and clustering were achieved to the great degree.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.51-71
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to use DEA modeling to make an analysis on 12 ODCYs in the hinterland of Busan North Port, so that it may propose possible ways to efficiently operate them. For analysis, this study adopted 3 input factors such as CY area, number of employees and number of cargo work equipments and also adopted 1 output factor, i.e. container throughput. According to the analysis DEA-CCR model, it was found that Chunil(YongDang CY) was the most efficient one among companies engaged in the operation of ODCY. And it was found that KCTC(YongDang CY), Kukbo(U-Am CY), KORAIL(BusanJin CY) and Hanjin (JaeSong CY) would need to boost the container throughput 5 or more times higher than current throughput with a view to improving cargo handling efficiency, while Sebang(U-Am CY), KCTC(U-Am CY), KCTC(YongDang CY), Hyopsung(YongDang CY) and Kukbo(U-Am CY) need to work on personnel restructuring targeted to current employees. Based on the analysis DEA-BCC model, it was found that Chunil(YongDang CY), Dongbu(ShinYoung GamMan CY), Intergis(GamMan CY) and Sebang(U-Am CY) were efficient companies, but KCTC(YongDang CY), Kukbo(U-Am CY), KORAIL(BusanJin CY) and Hanjin(JaeSong CY) were inefficient companies. Particularly, it was found that both KCTC(U-Am CY) and Kukbo(U-Am CY) would need to try harder to carry out personnel reshuffle than other comparable companies.