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http://dx.doi.org/10.38121/kpea.2021.03.37.1.103

A Study on the Changes in Specialization Degree and Cargo Volume by Cargo Type in Major Ports in Korea  

Lee, Choong-bae (중앙대학교 국제물류학과)
Su, Miao (중앙대학교 무역물류학과)
Liu, Yanfeng (중앙대학교 무역물류학과)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Port Economic Association / v.37, no.1, 2021 , pp. 103-119 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ports in Korea have been increasing in terms of volume while they have performed functions and roles such as industrial ports in promoting industries of their hinterlands as well as commercial ports supporting imports and exports. Nevertheless, specialization degree is different from port to port by cargo type and the changes in cargo volume. This study aims to analyze the structural changes and the degree of concentration and specialization by cargo type and port between 2001 and 2020. Top 10 ports were analyzed in terms of traffic volume by categorizing liquid, dry, general cargo and containers. HHI(Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), LQ(Location Coefficient), and shift-share analysis were employed in order to identify the degree of concentration, specialization and changes in cargo volume by port and cargo type. As a result of the analysis, the degree of port concentration and specialization for each cargo of 4 categories have maintained a high level, and no significant difference were found in fluctuations over the past 20 years. As a result of calculating the flucation of cargo volume through the shift-share analysis, the growth rate of liquid cargo was high in Yeosu Gwangyang Port, Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port in dry cargo, and Busan Port in general cargo and container ports. The result implies that it is not expected that the structural changes including degree of cargo concentration, specialization and relative fluctuation of cargo volume is significant in Korean ports in the future since the effects of economies of scale and clustering were achieved to the great degree.
Keywords
Cargo Concentration; Cargo Specialization; Portfolio Analysis; Shift-share Analysis; HHI;
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