• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

PLGA microspheres have been known as an injectable system for tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition of emulsion formation and cell adhesion on the microsphere surface. BSA-loaded PLGA microsphere was fabricated by oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation method. Sodium alginate was dissolved in water phase to control initial burst release and to improve lag time by PLGA bulk degradation. In addition, the morphology of cells attached on the micro spheres was studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cellular proliferation behavior of human disc cells cultivated on PLGA micro spheres was analyzed using a MTT assay. MTT assay revealed that the cells can attach and proliferate on PLGA microspheres. According to these results, we concluded that BSA -loaded alginate/PLGA microspheres can be used as an injectable system for tissue engineering application.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of recipient's breed on the gestation length and birth weight of Hanwoo calves produced by Hanwoo ovum pick up (OPU) derived embryos. Embryos of OPU derived Hanwoo cows were transferred into the Hanwoo and Holstein recipients at 6~7 days of estrus cycle. Gestation length was expressed in days from the day of embryo transfer to the birth day of offspring, and birth weight of offspring was recorded within 24 h of birth. Breed of recipient cows (Hanwoo and Holstein) has no effect on overall gestation length ($280.9{\pm}6.2$ vs. $284.4{\pm}9.8$ days) and birth weight of calves ($23.56{\pm}3.75$ vs. $27.70{\pm}7.92\;kg$). The gestation length was higher (p<0.05) for male calves than female calves in both Hanwoo ($283.8{\pm}6.7$ vs. $277.3{\pm}3.3$ days) and Holstein ($287.3{\pm}8.9$ vs. $280.1{\pm}9.1$ days) recipient cows. Birth weight of Hanwoo calves did not differ when Hanwoo recipients ($26.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $23.3{\pm}1.2\;kg$) were used for embryo transfer. However, male calves were heavier (p<0.05) at birth than that of female calves when embryos were transferred into the Holstein cow ($33.5{\pm}4.9$ vs. $27.8{\pm}4.9\;kg$). In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that breed of recipient cows have no effect on gestation length and birth weight of OPU derived Hanwoo calves. However, gestation length and birth weight of male calves were higher in both Hanwoo and Holstein recipient cows.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of environmental fators on backfat thickness and carcass weight and to investigate the carcass grade frequencies by sex, backfat thickness and carcass weight in commercial pigs. Total 20,450,773 of commercial pigs was used in this study, which were obtained from Korea institute for Animal Product Evaluation (KAPE) from July 1, 2007 to April 30, 2009. The averages of carcass weight and backfat thickness were $20.76{\pm}0.001mm$ and $85.97{\pm}0.002kg$, respectively. Carcass weight and backfat thickness of barrow were $22.55{\pm}0.002mm$ and $86.25{\pm}0.003kg$, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of males and females. The carcass weight and backfat thickness were increased with the slaughter years. In the effects of the season of slaughter, carcass weight was significantly higher in winter ($87.00{\pm}0.007kg$), and the backfat thickness was significantly higher in fall ($19.32{\pm}0.004mm$). In grade frequencies of carcass quality grade in sex, grade frequencies of high grade in barrow was higher than those of female in hot carcass and cold carcass. In grade frequencies of carcass quality grade in carcass weight, grade frequencies of high grade in 84~88kg was higher than the other groups in hot carcass and cold carcass. In grade frequencies of carcass quality grade in backfat thickness, grade frequencies of high grade in 22~24 mm was higher than other groups in hot carcass and cold carcass.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.183-196
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• 2024

This study investigated the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (AEEL) against high glucose-induced human colon epithelial HT-29 cells. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses indicated that AEEL had significant antioxidant activities. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that AEEL increased cell viability against high glucose-, H₂O₂-, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. Also, the 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay indicated that AEEL decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) against high glucose-, H₂O₂-, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. AEEL showed inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AEEL showed significant positive effects on the viability and titratable acidity of L. brevis. The high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) analysis identified chlorogenic acid and rutin as the major compounds of AEEL. These results suggested that AEEL has the potential to be used as a functional food source to suppress blood glucose levels and protect the gut from high glucose-induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.447-453
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between morphology and number of deciduous teeth and the occurrence of other dental anomalies in their successors, and to evaluate the necessity of early diagnosis of dental anomalies in the primary dentition. Prevalence of double teeth and congenital missing teeth was investigated in 254(134 boys, 120 girls) panoramic radiographic films, taken by 2 to 7-year-old children in Chonnam National University Hospital from 2000 to 2005. And then it was examined that relationship of anomalies of the primary dentition and their successors. Among them 11 children(6 boys, 5 girls) had double teeth or missing teeth. And prevalence of the double teeth was 1.6% and missing teeth was 3.1%. One subject had double teeth in in the mandible and missing teeth in the maxilla. Of the 11 cases of dental anomalies in primary dentition, 7 cases had congenital missing tooth in their successors. This study suggests that the dental anomalies in the primary dentition induced high prevalence of the congenital missing of permanent successors in the permanent dentition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the overexpression and characterization of bovine pancreatic (bp)- DNase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. The bp-DNase I gene was fused in frame with the GAL10 promoter, $MF{\alpha}$, and GAL7 terminator sequences, resulting in the plasmid, pGAL-$MF{\alpha}$-DNaseI (6.4 kb). Also, the bp-DNase I gene was fused in frame with the AOX1 promoter, $MF{\alpha}$, and AOX1 terminator sequences, resulting in the plasmid, pPEXI (8.8 kb). The recombinant plasmids, pGAL-$MF{\alpha}$-DNaseI and pPEXI were introduced into S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris host cells, respectively. When the transformed yeast cells were cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 h in galactose or methanol medium, bp-DNase I was overexpressed and the most of activity was found in the extracellular fraction. P. pastoris transformant activity showed 45.5 unit/mL in the culture medium at 48 h cultivation, whereas S. cerevisiae transformant revealed 37.7 unit/mL in the extracellular fraction at 48 h cultivation. The enzymatic characteristics, such as DNA cleavage and half life were investigated. Treatment of the recombinant DNase I from P. pastoris induced degradation of the calf thymus DNA within 1 minute, and this DNA degradation rate was higher than that of commercial bp-DNase I (SIGMA) and the recombinant DNase I from S. cerevisiae.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

The IT industry has made rapid development and also had an economic impact on other industries Also, since the fourth industrial revolution has begun in recent years ago, so The convergence between IT and other industries is increasing. Therefore, the development of the IT industry will enhance the international competitiveness It will also have a major impact on the nation's economic growth. Therefore, IT firms should be more efficient in their production. so This paper analyzes the efficiency of High-growth IT firms using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR, BBC efficiency and RTS(return to scale) of 12 IT firms. As a result, there were 6 companies with BCC efficiency 1 and 4 companies with 1 CCR efficiency. The scale of profitability was analyzed by IRS as 7 companies and CRS as 5 companies. We also suggest the IT firms which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. It is expected to provide investors and external stakeholders with very useful information on managerial management efficiency.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2019

Gul jeotgals (GJs) were prepared using solar salt aged for 3 years. One sample was fermented using starters, such as Bacillus subtilis JS2 and Tetragenococcus halophilus BS2-36 (each $10^6CFU/g$), and another sample was fermented without starters for 49 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Initial counts of bacilli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in non-starter GJ were found to be $3.20{\times}10^2$ and $7.67{\times}10^1CFU/g$ on day 0, and increased to $1.37{\times}10^3$ and $1.64{\times}10^6CFU/g$ on day 49. Those of starter GJ were found to be $2.10{\times}10^5$ and $3.30{\times}10^7CFU/g$ on day 49, indicating the growth of starters. The pH values of GJ were $5.93{\pm}0.01$ (non-starter) and $5.92{\pm}0.01$ (starter) on day 0 and decreased to $5.78{\pm}0.01$ (non-starter) and $5.75{\pm}0.01$ (starter) on day 49. Amino-type nitrogen (ANN) production increased continuously during fermentation, and $407.19{\pm}15.85$ (non-starter) and $398.04{\pm}13.73$ (starter) mg% on day 49. Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes were constructed from total DNA extracted from non-starter GJ on days 7, 21, and 42. Nucleotide sequences of Escherichia coli transformants harboring recombinant pGEM-T easy plasmid containing 16S rRNA gene inserts from different bacterial species were analyzed using BLAST. Uncultured bacterium was the most dominant group and Gram - bacteria such as Acidovorax sp., Afipia sp., and Variovorax sp. were the second dominant group. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (day 7), Bacillus velezensis (day 21 and 42), and Bacillus subtilis (day 42) were observed, but no lactic acid bacteria were detected. Acidovorax and Variovorax species might play some role in GJ fermentation. Further studies on these bacteria are necessary.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2022

The detailed mechanism by which cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2) overexpression induces cancer stem cell-like phenotypes is not fully understood. The downregulation of FBXW7 E3 ligase, a tumor suppressor known for its proteolytic regulation of oncogenic proteins such as cyclin E, c-Myc, Notch, and Yap1, has been frequently reported in several types of tumor tissues, including those in the large intestine, cervix, and stomach. Therefore, we investigated whether FBXW7 is involved in CUG2-induced oncogenesis. In this study, the decreased expression of FBXW7 was examined in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 (A549-CUG2) and human bronchial BEAS-2B cells (BEAS-CUG2) overexpressing CUG2 and compared with control cells stably expressing an empty vector (A549-Vec or BEAS-Vec). Treatment with MG132 (a proteosome inhibitor) prevented the degradation of FBXW7 and Yap1 proteins, which are substrates of the FBXW7 E3 ligase. To address the role of Fbxw7 in the development of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes, we suppressed Fbxw7 protein levels using its siRNA. We observed that decreased levels of FBXW7 enhanced cell migration, invasion, and spheroid size and number in A549-Vec and BEAS-Vec cells. The enforced expression of FBXW7 produced the opposite results in A549-CUG2 and BEAS-CUG2 cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of FBXW7 elevated the activities of EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 and upregulated β-catenin, Yap1, and NEK2, while the enforced expression of FBXW7 generated the opposite results. We thus propose that FBXW7 downregulation induced by CUG2 confers CSC-like phenotypes through the upregulation of both the EGFR-ERK1/2 and β-catenin-Yap1-NEK2 signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Mixed cropping of hairy vetch and Barley is widely used as a green manure for reducing chemical fertilizers while maintaining soil fertility in paddy soil. We investigated the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) fertilizer on vetch N₂ fixation, biomass production and transfer N from vetch to barley under a hairy vetch-barley mixed cropping system. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch were sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without chemical fertilizer application but with Mo fertilizer at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kg/ha as a treatment. The percentage of hairy vetch N derived from air N₂ fixation (%Ndfa) and N transfer from hairy vetch to barley (%Ndfv) was determined by the ¹⁵N natural abundance method. Although application of Mo at 2.0 kg/ha significantly increased biomass of both barley and hairy vetch, the biomass was decreased at application of Mo 4.0 kg/ha. At the application of Mo 2.0 kg/ha, the percentage of Ndfa and Ndfv was 81.7 and 53.9, respectively, which are significantly higher than that of the treatments without Mo. CONCLUSION: These results highlight that application of Mo fertilizer can be an effective measures to improve N fixation in hairy vetch and biomass production in both barley and hairy vetch.