• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2011

It is important to concern about individual difference on every subject and every class. How can we know the individual difference? It is helpful for that to find out students' math learning style and learning type. In this paper, I conducted a survey to look for math learning style and math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students, and analyzed those data. The research findings are summarized as follows; First, 4th, 5th and 6th grade students prefer the visual learning style to the verbal style, and they have more wholistic tendency than analytical tendency in the domain of the cognitive learning style. Second, they prefer the authoritative and goal-oriented learning style to the practical and recreational learning style, and they have more interior-oriented than exterior-oriented in the domain of affective learning style. Third, the representative math learning type of 4th, 5th and 6th grade students is visual/holistic/authoritative and goal-oriented/interior-oriented. The math learning styles of students have a lot of influence on their learning, so that an appropriate teaching method for each student could arouse a maximum effect in the math study.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.289-314
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• 2013

본 연구는 2011년 학업성취도 평가 결과를 Fusion 모형이라는 인지진단모형을 적용하여 수학교과에서 학교급별, 성취수준별, 성별에 따른 인지요소 숙달 양상과 다문화가정의 인지요소 숙달 양상을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초6은 12개의 인지요소에서 '귀납적으로 추론하기', 중3은 10개의 인지요소에서 '연역적으로 정당화하기', 고2는 10개의 인지요소 중 '사칙계산'이 가장 높은 숙달 비율을 보였다. 성취수준별로 인지요소의 숙달 양상을 분석한 결과, 초 중 고 모두 우수학력 집단은 전체 인지요소에서 94%이상의 숙달률을 보였으나, 기초학력이하 집단 학생들은 거의 모든 인지요소에서 초6과 중3의 경우 미숙달 비율이 70%이상이었고 고2는 99%이상이었다. 또한, 초6, 중3까지는 전반적으로 여학생의 인지요소 숙달 비율이 남학생보다 높으나 고2에서는 대부분의 인지요소에서 남학생이 여학생보다 숙달 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다문화가정 학생 집단과 일반가정 학생 집단 간 인지요소의 숙달 양상은 학교급별로 상이하게 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to assess grade and gender differences in dietary behavior, food preference and perception about body image of students in 4, 5 and 6th grades in elementary school in Kwangju. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were $137.98{\pm}6.79cm\;32.69{\pm}6.09kg$, in the 4th grade, $144.11{\pm}6.91cm,\;36.88{\pm}7.60kg$ in the 5th grade and $151.52{\pm}7.47cm,\;42.68{\pm}8.06kg$ in the 6th grade. Height and weight of male and female students of each grade were very similar to those of the Korean standard Growth data. Females in the 5th and 6th grades were taller than those in male students, which suggested the height growth spurt in females. Furthermore, both genders showed marked variability even in the same group. All the three different obesity indices(BMI, Rohrer and % of ideal body weight) showed higher value in males than in females consistently. Male respondents desired taller and heavier body shape while females perceived they were heavy and desired only taller and thinner body image. There were significant differences in satisfaction with height, weight and body image by grade(p<0.05). 36.7% of subjects responded that they did not eat despite hunger. In higher grade they felt guilty after eating sweet things. Strikingly, it was noted a small number of students tried to take a diet pills or vomited on purpose. Data on food preference showed that female did not like sweet food and pork. While male students preferred red meat and chicken. Thus result indicated that there was a great difference in food preference by gender.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to describe child perceived health knowledge, health education needs, and health behaviors by grade in a representative general characteristic and examined their associations for students' better health behaviors. Methods: The survey participants were 410 fourth to sixth grade students in two elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. A total of 12 classes in two elementary schools were randomly selected and all students of the selected classes participated in the self-administered survey. The questionnaire contained the items of perceived health knowledge, health education needs(health topics which they want to know more), health behavior, and general characteristics. Results: Perceived health knowledge, health education needs, and health behaviors were, generally, better in the $4^{th}$ grade students than $5^{th}$ or $6^{th}$ grade students. That is, higher grade students had lower perceived health knowledge, lower health education needs, and lower health behavior status. Specifically, there was significant grade differences in 'significance of publichealth,' 'nutritionandhealthyeating,' 'desirablehealthhabits,' 'humansex,' 'physical development in childhood,' 'stress management & drugcontrol,' and 'injury prevention.' Correlations between perceived health knowledge and health behavior were low or medium in all grades. However, correlations between perceived health education needs and health were significant in the $4^{th}$ grade students but not significant in the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grade students. Conclusions: There was significant grade difference of the relationship between health knowledge, health education needs, and health behaviors among children. In general, the lower the grade the better the health knowledge, educational needs, and health behavior. Health education needs were more significant by grade than perceived health knowledge and health behaviors.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2016

This research examined the Korean and American $6^{th}$ grade students' mathematical problem solving ability and methods via an intuitive thinking. For this, the survey research was used. The researcher developed the questionnaire which consists of problems with intuitive and algorithmic problem solving in number and operation, figure and measurement areas. 57 Korean $6^{th}$ grade students and 60 American $6^{th}$ grade students participated. The result of the analysis showed that Korean students revealed a higher percentage than American students in correct answers. But it was higher in the rate of Korean students attempted to use the algorithm. Two countries' students revealed higher rates in that they tried to solve the problems using intuitive thinking in geometry and measurement areas. Students in both countries showed the lower percentages of correct answer in problem solving to identify the impact of counterintuitive thinking. They were affected by potential infinity concept and the character of intuition in the problem solving process regardless of the educational environments and cultures.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore effects of 4MAT system program on the creativity, science achievement and science-related attitudesof elementary school students. 4MAT learning program is a model based on the whole brain learning including the learning styles and the cognitive specialization of left and right hemispheres. The study was conducted for 10 weeks during the 1998 second semester in H elementary school which is located in Incheon. 4MAT learning program was applied to the 5th and 6th grade students. One hundred 5th grade students and eighty three 6th grade students are selected for this study. The experimental group was taught in applying the 4MAT system, and the control group was taught by the traditional manner. The results of this study were as follows: There was a significant difference on creativity between the instruction by applying 4MAT system and the traditional instruction. In the 6th grade, there was a statistically significant difference on science achievement and science-related attitude. In the 5th grade, there was slightly increased, but statistically onsignificant. In conclusion, the instruction by applying 4MAT system was more effective in developing student's creativity than the traditional instruction in both grades.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.309-317
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• 1987

우리나라 아동의 비만실태를 파악하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 전국의 국민학교 5학년 10.751명의 체격분포를 조사하였다. 건강기록부를 이용하요 1학년때 부터 학년까의 키, 몸무게를 분석하고 설문지를 이용하여 체격과 관련된 일반 현황 및 식품섭취 빈도를 조사하였다 1)조사대상아의 어머니 중 29%가 직업을 갖고 있었으며 출, 퇴근시간이 어린이의 영양관리를 제대로 할 수 없는 경우가 많았다. 조사대상아의 5.8%가 거의 매일 결식하였으며 건강을 위해 약제를 복용하는 경우가 26%였다. 2)키는 4학년까지는 남학생이 우세 하다가 5학년때는 남학생이 137.1cm, 여학생이 137.6cm 였다. 몸무게는 남녀 각각 31.5kg, 31.2kg였으며 키, 몸무게의 10, 25, 50, 70 ,90percentile 분포에 해당하는 값이 제시되었다. 고학년이 될수록 남학생의 키의 성장속도는 둔화된 반면 여학생은 오히려 증가였다. 몸무게는 학년이 높아지면서 남녀 모두 증가폭이 커졌으며 여학생의 증가폭이 더 컸다. 키와 몸무게를 이용하여 5년간 BMI, RI, RW 갑이 계산되었다. 3) 49% 아동이 우유를 매일 섭취 하였으며 과자, 계란, 아이스크림, 초코렛의 섭취빈도가 높은 반면 치즈, 햄, 두유의 섭취빈도는 매우 낮았다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2020

스크래치는 교육용 프로그래밍 도구로 초등학교 소프트웨어교육에서 많이 활용되고 있으며 스크래치를 활용한 수업이 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력, 문제 해결력 등에 도움이 된다는 연구 결과가 많다. 그러나 스크래치 사용자의 연령 통계 자료를 분석해본 결과 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 스크래치 활용도가 낮았으며 블록 프로그래밍 경험이 있는 고학년 학생들도 프로그래밍의 기본 원리인 순차, 반복, 선택의 개념을 이해하는 것에 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 손으로 만지면서 프로그래밍을 학습할 수 있는 스크래치 전자 블록과 전자 블록 활용 프로그래밍 교육 커리큘럼을 개발하였으며 초등학교 2학년과 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였다. 수업 전·후 프로그래밍에 대한 흥미도 검사를 진행한 결과 2학년 학생들의 흥미도는 3.28에서 3.58로 향상되었으며 6학년 학생들의 흥미도는 3.41에서 4.09로 증가하였다. 프로그래밍 기본 원리 이해 평가 결과 2학년 학생들 중 84%의 학생들이 주어진 과제 9개 중 7개 이상을 해결하였으며 6학년 학생들 중 62%이상의 학생들의 주어진 과제 9개 중 7개 이상을 해결하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to identify the relations between alexithymia, emotional clarification, emotional expressiveness and somatic symptoms, and their effect on the elementary school students. Methods: This study targets 567 elementary school students and they are composed of 288 boy students and 279 girl students in 5th and 6th grade, and 283 in the 5th grade and 284 in the 6th grade. Results: In somatic symptoms, alexithymia, emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, a significant difference is found. For the somatic symptoms and alexithymia, the subject in grade 5 show higher score than those in grade 6. For the emotional clarification, and emotional expressivness, the subjects in grade 5 show higher scores than those of grade 6. According to sex, only in emotional clarification, a significant difference is found between boys and girls and the girls show higher score that the boys. In looking at the correlations between alexithymia, emotional clarification and somatic symptoms, the somatic symptoms has positive correlations with alexithymia while it has negative correlations with emotional expressiveness. The alexithymia has negative correlations with emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness. It is found that the emotional clarification has positive correlations with emotional expressiveness. Conclusion: In respect to the effect of alexithymia, emotional clarification and emotional expressiveness on somatic symptoms, emotional alexithymia and emotional clarification have effect on somatic symptoms and emotional expressiveness has no effect on somatic symptoms.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2016

This study analyzed the attributes of the conceptions of $3^{rd}$ to $6^{th}$ grade elementary school students on three states of matter and investigated the characteristics of the classified results of various examples of matter by grades. Through discussion activities, we confirmed the stabilization of conception attributions. For this study, 113 participants from two $3^{rd}$ to $6^{th}$ grade elementary school classes were selected. The concentration analysis (C-factor) and normalized gain (G-factor) of the conceptions for the quantitative analysis of the conception changes were used. The elementary school students retained different percentages of the attributes for states of matter. The characteristic of the grades were different between the 3rd grade and other grades. Based on these results, we pointed out the problems with the present teaching methods in science textbooks and stated the advantages of the effects of the representation of mixtures.