• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

The three-dimensional incompressible clavier-Stokes equations are solved to simulate the flow field around a Wigley model with free-surface. The IAF(Implicit Approximate Factorization) method is used to show a good success in reducing the computing time. The CPU time is almost an half of that if the IAF method were used. The present method adopts the local linearization and Euler implicit scheme without the pressure-gradient terms for the artificial viscosity. Calculations are carried out at the Reynolds number of $10^6$ and the Froude numbers are 0.25, 0.289 and 0.316. For the approximations of turbulence, the Baldwin-Lomax model is used. The resulting free-surface wave configurations and the velocity vectors are compared with those by the explicit method and experiments.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

The increasing capabilities of the computers enable us to utilize various numerical schemes for the time-domain simulations concerned with 3-dimensional free-surface wave problems. There are still difficulties to solve such kind of problems, however. That's because long time simulations with large computational domain are needed in time-domain analysis. So, we need faster and more efficient numerical schemes to get the solutions practically for these problems. In this paper, a high-order spectral/boundary-element method is used for the numerical investigation of physics involved in wave-body interaction. This method is one of the most efficient numerical methods by which the nonlinear gravity waves can be simulated and hydrodynamic forces also can be calculated in time-domain. To get the robust study in these topics, various numerical tests are performed and compared with others' works.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 1992

This paper deals with the open boundary problems, and two numerical schemes are used for the implementation of open boundary condition. One is to add the artificial damping term to dynamic free-surface boundary condition. Determination of suitable damping coefficient and the damping cone is the most important in this scheme. The other scheme is a modified Orlanski's method. This will be useful for the problems with unidirectional waves. A few typical free-surface wave problems are modeled for the numerical test. Method of solution is fundamental source-distribution method and the fully nonlinear boundary conditions are applied. The computed results are compared with those of others for the proof of practicality of these schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.216-223
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• 2004

A nonlinear sloshing problem is numerically simulated. During excessive sloshing the sloshinginduced impact load can cause a critical damage on the tank structure. A three-dimensional free-surface flow in a tank is formulated in the scope of potential flow theory. The exact nonlinear free-surface condition is satisfied numerically. A finite-element method based on Hamiltons principle is employed as a numerical scheme. The problem is treated as an initial-value problem. The computations are made through an iterative method at each time step. The hydrodynamic loading on the pillar in the tank is computed.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.48-55
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• 1999

In this paper, the ill-posed inverse problem of surface waves caused by a two-dimensional pulsating pressure distribution on the free surface is studied using the regularization method. In order to exemplify the method, a cosine pressure distribution on a limited range of the undisturbed free surface is considered. By taking the resulting horizontal velocity as input data, the corresponding pressure is determined numerically by three different regularization schemes. It is found that the iterated Tikhonov method provides with the most accurate result, while solutions obtained from the Landweber-Friedman regularization are most stable.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

In this paper, the localized finite element method(LFEM) is applied to 3-dimensional ship motion problems in water of infinite depth. The LFEM used here is based on the functional constructed by Bai & Yeung(1974). To test the present numerical scheme, a few vertical axisymmetric bodies are treated by general 3-dimensional formulation. The computed results of hydrodynamic coefficients for a few vertical spheroids and vertical circular cylinders show good agreement with results obtained by others. The advantages of the present numerical method compared with the method of integral equation are as follows; (i) The cumbersome existence of irregular frequencies in the method of conventional integral equation is removed. (ii) The final matrix is banded and symmetric and the computation of the matrix elements is comparatively easier, whereas the size of the matrix in the present scheme is much larger. (iii) In the future research, it is possible to accommodate with the nonlinear exact free surface boundary condition in the localized finite element subdomain, whereas the linear solution is assumed in the truncated(far field) subdomain.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.34-39
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 수면파(Surface wave)와 수중파 (Internal wave)간의 동적 상관관계에 관하여 수행된 연구결과를 정리하였다. 표면파의 비선형 문제는 파의 경사매개변수를 2차원으로 가정하여 해석하였으며, Cauchy 문제는 불균일 조류상의 균일 수면중력파에 대하여 해석하였다. 또한, 파의 경사, 주기의 범위(Frequency range) 그리고 자유표면하의 조류의 분포들간의 조화에 대한 연구가 수행되었으며 해류 및 이동파와 연계되어 수중파의 최전 후방에 형성될 수 있는 정적 파형 (Steady wave pattern)이 수면파형에 포함되었다.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 1985

The numerical calculation for solving boundary-value problem related to potential flows with a free surface is carried out by application of the localized finite element method. Only forced motion of 2-D body in infinitely deep fluid is considered, although this schemes is equally applicable to any first order time-harmonic problems of similar nature. The infinite domain of the fluid is separated into the inner flow field and the outer flow field with common inter-surface boundary. The finite element method is applied to obtain the solution in the inner flow field and the Green functions are utilized to represent the solution in the outer flow field. At the inter-surface boundary, the continuity of the value of potential and the normal derivative of the potential(i.e. matching condition) is conserved. The present method has better computational efficiency than the previous LFEM and the integral equation method of Frank. This enhanced computational efficiency is presumably due to the fact that the present method gives a symmetric coefficient matrix and requires less computational time in calculating the influence coefficient matrix of Green function than the integral equation method. And the irregular frequency desen't exist because the uniqueness of the solution is assured by the such that the exact free surface condition is satisfied on the boundary of the localized finite element region(i.e. inner region). As an example of the above method, the hydrodynamic forces for the circular cylinder and the rectangular cylinders are calculated. In the computed results, the small number of singularity distribution segments($3{\sim}6$) give good result relative to Ursell's and Vugts'.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2012

Three-dimensional finite-difference simulation in a small-scale half-sphere basin with planar free-surface is performed for an arbitrary shear-dislocation point source. A new scheme to deal with free-surface boundary condition is presented. Then basin parameters are examined to understand main characteristics on ground-motion response in the basin. To analyze the frequency content of ground motion in the basin, spectral amplitudes are compared with each other for four sites inside and outside the basin. Also particle motions for those sites are examined to find which kind of wave plays a dominant role in ground-motion response. The results show that seismic energy is concentrated on a marginal area of the basin far from the source. This focusing effect is mainly due to constructive interference of the direct Swave with basin-edge induced surface waves. Also, ground-motion amplification over the deepest part of the basin is relatively lower than that above shallow basin edge. In the small-scale basin with relatively simple bedrock interface, therefore, the ground-motion amplification may be more related to the source azimuth or direction of the incident waves into the basin rather than depth of it.