• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.397-416
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• 2024

This study assessed the hydrogeological properties of the deep geological environment to develop safety criteria for the natural barriers used in the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Korea. The assessment focused on the distribution and trends of hydraulic conductivity and permeability properties appropriate for the domestic geological environment, using various in-situ hydraulic test data collected for groundwater development and management. To develop a depth-hydrogeological property relationship model suitable for domestic conditions, the study reviewed various international research examples and applied a representative model that explains the trends of hydraulic conductivity and permeability with depth. The development of the model suitable for Korea involved applying ensemble regression analysis to account for the uncertainty of various factors in the collected data. The results confirmed that existing international depth-hydrogeological property relationship models adequately describe the characteristics of the domestic geological environment. Considering the preferred hydrogeological criteria suggested by countries like Sweden, Germany, and Canada, there is a high likelihood that a suitable geological environment exists in Korea. Additionally, the application of hydrogeological criteria indicative of low-permeability environments showed that suitable conditions for disposal construction increase at depths greater than 300 m, where the influence of fractures on groundwater flow might be minimal at depths exceeding 500 m. This research can serve as foundational information for establishing hydrogeological safety standards for natural barriers in Korea according to international regulatory guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.52-63
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• 2009

WTO/TBT aims to reduce impediments to trade resulting from differences between national regulations and standards. Where international standards exist or their completion is imminent, the Code of Good Practice says that standardizing bodies should use them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basis for any standards they develop. Drawing is a formal and precise way of communicating information about the shape, size and, features. In addition, drawing is a part of the universal language of engineering. However there are many differences between international landscape drawing standard ISO 11091 and Korean landscape drawing practice(KLDP). The result of a comparison of ISO 11091 with KLDP and suggestions for international standardization of KLDP are summarized as follows. First, Among the 33 kinds of conventions from ISO 11091, 2 similar kinds and 15 different kinds from KLDP and 16 kinds of conventions which exist only in ISO 11091 appeared-for the international standardization of KLDP, it is necessary to make an extensive alteration of KLDP. Second, Europe Unity countries accepted ISO 11091 and are using it as their national standard for landscape drawing. Even Japan has accepted ISO 11091 on their civil engineering drawings and is using it as their national standard. Therefore, we need to hasten KS standard enactment based on ISO 1091. Third, For the KS standard of construction drawings, the degree of international standardization is rising even though there are still differences from the ISO standard. Therefore, since the burden on the international standardization of KLDP is expected to be weighed, preparations should be quickly brought about in the practice fields. Fourth, Since in the landscape planting ordinances of local independent governments is the standard presented by categorizing trees into evergreen and deciduous, such parts should be modified and introduced when enacting the KS standard based on ISO 11091. Fifth, For the enactment of the KS standard for landscape drawings, a wide range of opinions should be collected by the relevant landscape organization by installing a committee, and based on its recommendation, an application for the KS standard enactment of landscape drawing should be made to the chief of Ministry of Knowledge Economy.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.12-23
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• 2023

The goal of international development projects is to assist sustainable development in recipient countries through foreign aid from donor countries. However, despite the need for both countries to negotiate and work together from the initial stages to maintain sustainability after the project, clear guidelines or standards have not been established. Additionally, despite the need for donor countries, which are relatively advanced, to understand the situation of recipient countries, many projects are donor-centric and fail to prioritize the value of sustainability. Therefore, this study extracted economic, social, and environmental risks that threaten sustainability through literature review and proposed a sustainability framework based on these criteria. To validate framework, actual international development cases conducted by advanced donor countries such as Australia, the United States, and Japan, in collaboration with South Korea, were analyzed by applying content analysis with the reports, which covers the overall contents from the planning stage to the operation stage. Analysis of sustainability perspectives focused on economy, society and the environment, advanced donor countries emphasized (1) the importance of pre-assessment, (2) the need for coordination with the local population and communities despite the existence of donor-specific values, and (3) addressing economic considerations such as pre-operational and maintenance costs, social communication with the local population, and environmental considerations starting from the initial stages of construction regarding the treatment of pollutants as values to be improved. Compared to other advanced donor countries, the Republic of Korea should also focus on consultation with local residents to achieve social integration, and improve sustainability by deployment the managers in local sites for better negotiation.The proposed framework in this study will serve as a tool to enhance communication among the countries and the locals, with the expectation of increasing project efficiency and sustainability.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.127-150
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• 2020

A Basic Plan for the Promotion of Space Development (hereinafter referred to as "basic plan"), which prescribes mid- and long-term policy objectives and basic direction-setting on space development every five years, is one of the matters to be deliberated by the National Space Committee. Confirmed February 2018 by the Committee, the 3rd Basic Plan has a unique matter, compared to the 2nd Basic Plan. It is to construct "Korean Positioning System(KPS)". Almost every country in the world including Korea has been relying on GPS. On the occasion of the shooting down of a Korean Air flight 007 by Soviet Russia, GPS Standard Positioning Service has been open to the world. Due to technical errors of GPS or conflict of interests between countries in international relations, however, the above Service can be interrupted at any time. Such cessation might bring extensive damage to the social, economic and security domains of every country. This is why some countries has been constructing an independent global or regional satellite navigation system: EU(Galileo), Russia(Glonass), India(NaVic), Japan(QZSS), and China(Beidou). So does South Korea. Once KPS is built, it is expected to make use of the system in various areas such as transportation, aviation, disaster, construction, defense, ocean, distribution, telecommunication, etc. For this, a pan-governmental governance is needed to be established. And this governance must be based on the law. Korea is richly experienced in developing and operating individually satellite itself, but it has little experience in the simultaneous development and operation of the satellites, ground, and users systems, such as KPS. Therefore we need to review overseas cases, in order to minimize trial and error. U.S. GPS is a classic example.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.151-174
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• 2022

According to the "Special Act on the Restoration and Maintenance of the Core Relics of the Shilla Kingdom" enacted in 2019, the Shilla Kingdom refers to the capital of Shilla and Unified Shilla period, and refers to Gyeongju, where the king lived, and the nearby area. Shilla Wanggyeong is a heritage registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000 under the name of Gyeongju Historic Site and belongs to Wolseong District, Hwangnyongsa District, and Daeneungwon District among the five districts registered as Gyeongju Historic Site. Unlike the Namsan and Sanseong districts, the Shilla Kingdom is a heritage consisting mostly of archaeological sites without physical substance. Gyeongju City sought to promote local tourism while providing more direct experiences to visitors by restoring the heritage that constitutes the Shilla Kingdom. Starting with the restoration of Woljeonggyo Bridge in 2005, the Shilla Wanggyeong restoration project began in earnest. Gyeongju City tried to restore the building site on the west side of Donggung Palace and Wolji after Woljeonggyo Bridge, but it was canceled due to opposition from the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee opposed the restoration and recommended a heritage impact assessment for similar projects in the future. During the miscarriage impact assessment procedure, there is an OUV attribute analysis process of the heritage to be evaluated. This study intends to preemptively derive OUV attributes for the Silla Kingdom through literature and overseas case analysis. In the case of literature research, domestic and foreign research data related to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Management were examined, and in overseas cases, the architectural works of Krakow Historical District, Stonehenge and Abbury Geoseok Ruins in England, and Le Corbusier were analyzed. Through this, the outstanding universal value attributes of the Silla Kingdom were derived. This study is expected to be used as a reference in the process of restoration projects of other heritage constituting the Shilla Kingdom or construction plans in nearby areas in the future and serve as an indicator to improve the management system of the Shilla Kingdom more efficiently from the perspective of world heritage.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2011

This study focused on developing strategies of cyber-compact city, combining compact city with information and communications technologies(ICTs), in order to enhance sustainable transportation. The cyber-compact city development is defined as a development that is able to reduce travel by ICTs and encourage people to use transit or non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles for ICT-induced travel (especially, discretionary travel) by compact and mixed land use. It can be achieved with combining cyber and compact strategies with respect to network, node, and area. For example, ICT network may use transit network facility, a transfer station may be a hub of ICTs, and transit influenced zone may work with ICT service area. We proposed three cohesive strategies for the cyber-compact city based on literature review and case studies on cyber and compact cities. The first strategy is a cohesion between public transportation and telecommunication network by centering on the two for national and urban spatial linkage structure. That is, cities or urban centers and its peripheral areas can be connected by rail network, and extra space of railway network can be used for constructing telecommunication network infrastructure. The second strategy is a cohesion between public transportation node and telecommunication node by building up regional and urban telecommunication centers near to or at main railway stations. For this strategy, telework centers and communication service centers should be established mainly at transfer stations. The third strategy is a cohesion between public transportation impact zone and telecommunication impact zone as transit oriented development.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-105
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• 2017

I tried to analyze export relation of influence in Chinese H beam(common steel), Hot Rolled Steel(common steel), Plate(common steel) which could be influenced immediately by China's cancellation of the export rebate of value added tax in 2010 through the statistic methods such as cointegration, Granger causality, impulse response and variance decomposition. In the first period they mutually influenced each other in export to Korea but in the second period, this relation of influence was lessoned. Due to production expansion of Hot Rolled Steel(common steel), Plate(common steel) in Korea, the change of import trend, the market change of steel users' industries and China's expedient export of boron steel to Korea, mutual influence among these products was greatly declined. Ever since Hyundai Steel's production expansion involving blast furnace facilities, there is need for the industry to concentrate on developing new markets for its facilities' output in Korea. Therefore, Korea's steel industry desperately needs strength of de-jure standards such as unique quality standards and related certifications, efficient distribution management, as well as export promotion strategy through its global trading network to effectively address its structural supply-demand imbalances.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The governmental investment to SOC facilities currently has increasedthe construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads. As a result, the road cut slopes have been increasingrapidly. Unfortunately, human-life damages and property damages frequently occur due to the rockfall and the landslide every year. To reduce those damages, many studies have been performed. The present regulation regarding rockfall protection facilities follows the "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" issued by MLTM (the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) that indicates the standard size of facilities and energy absorbing efficiencies. Most domestic road slopes use standardized rockfall protection facilities based on the regulation. However, there have been doubted about the effectiveness of rockfall protection facilities and the damages caused by rockfalls havebeen increasedevery year. Thus, it seems that relevant studies are necessary on the rockfall protection net being capable of supporting rockfall energies. Accordingly, this study reviews previous literature to investigate the function and the feature of rockfall protection nets and analyzetheir limitations by each type. After that, by using the pullout test device for a rockfall protection net, an experiment on the PVC coating net and the expanded metal is performed under the exact same condition. Finally, the features of the Expended metal is explained with the comparison analysises of load-variation and the confirmation of damaged forms. As a result, there have been founded the problemsof net breaking down and not being able to support due to PVC coating net's material property of disintegration. On the other hand, the Expanded Metal might be expected as a substituteof rockfall protection net according to its capability of support and integration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2017

In concrete construction work, formwork is an important process that accounts for 10% of the total construction cost. Recent buildings are becoming bigger and higher. In order to maximize the efficiency and safety of this formwork, the system of formworking has been systematized. However, the human accidents and the noise complaints arise from dismantling processes frequently occur. In order to solve these problems, most of them are dependent on foreign technology, but they do not take into consideration the conditions of domestic construction site. In this study, we developed a table type multi-drop system form for a slab and beam which can improve the process, safety and reduction of disassembly noise, and evaluated the physical properties of the main members which are used in the system. The results of this study show that there is sufficient strength to be used as a slab and a laying material for both a yoke beam and a supporting post. The noise level is improved compared to existing method.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2009

The goal of U-Eco City testbed is im proving the technical com pletion of ubiquitous technology /services which have been developed in other core projects in U-Eco City, by implementing newly developed ubiquitous technology/services to testbed. When the newly developed ubiquitous technology/services are implemented in the testbed, we will monitor whether the developed ubiquitous technology/services can be applied in the real situation and if they have problems we will find out the solution to solve the problems. In addition to this we have goal to sale experience of construction of U-Eco city testbed to the local governments and foreign cities. To accomplish this goal, it is necessary to make the guideline for the construction of U-Eco City. Final goal of this research is develop guideline for the construction of U-Eco City. I developed the framework of U-Eco City construction guideline by i) analyzing problems when the local governments try to construct U-City, ii) finding out general idea of Eco City and investigate connection between Eco City and U-City, iii) analyzing main steps of constructing U-City, and iv) matching the all the issues and considerations into process of u-Eco city construction steps.