• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

In computer education area, abstract thinking has played a positive role in programming ability, and language experience has also affected the ability. However, most of the studies were empirical. The practical research about the relation analysis between abstract thinking and programming ability has rarely been performed. Among various types of programming abilities such as coding, debugging, and reading, this paper focused on program understanding. We analyzed the affection relation on program understanding and the interaction effect between abstract thinking level and language familiarity. We surveyed 376 high school students on their abstract thinking levels, language familiarity, academic achievement, and the program understanding abilities of C and Scratch. From the research, we knew that the abstract thinking level played an important role in understanding the iterative program for the male students. In addition, if the students had the experience on other programming languages before entering high schools, then there was an interaction effect between abstract thinking level and program language familiarity.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.159-173
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• 2016

In real educational field, there are cases that concrete problematic situations are introduced after abstract concepts are taught on the contrary to process that abstract from concrete contexts. In other words, there are cases that abstract knowledge has to be concreted. Freudenthal expresses this situation to antidogmatical inversion and indicates negative opinion. However, it is open to doubt that every class situation can proceed to abstract that begins from concrete situations or concrete materials. This study has done a comparative analysis in difference of mathematical thinking between a process that builds abstract context after being abstracted from concrete materials and that concretes abstract concepts to concrete situations and attempts to examine educational implication. For this, this study analyzed the mathematical thinking in the abstract process of concrete materials by manipulating AiC analysis tools. Based on the AiC analysis tools, this study analyzed mathematical thinking in the concrete process of abstract concept by using the way this researcher came up with. This study results that these two processes have opposite learning flow each other and significant mathematical thinking can be induced from concrete process of abstract knowledge as well as abstraction of concrete materials.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 1999

Objective：This study was conducted to examine the Draw-A-Person test as a non-verbal indicator of concrete and abstract thinking. Method：Thirty child-psychiatric children and 27 normal children were individually assessed with Draw-A-person Test and KEDI-WISC, and the scores were compared between similarity test and DAP. Results：The results showed significant differences between the groups. In clinical group, there were significant correlations with DAP scores and similarity test scores, especially abstract scores on DAP were highly correlated with similarity test scores. Results indicate characteristics of abstract thinking may be more discernable on the DAP than concrete thinking in clinical group.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.21-32
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• 2013

Since creativity has been emphasized and creative problem solving has also been a big topic recently, various kinds of research works have proceeded. Among them, this paper focuses on abstract thinking and growth mindset, which affect on problem solving. Also, this paper analyzes what kinds of relationships time perspectives and smart-phone addiction have with the two factors and how they influence on them. In order to do so, we survey on 441 primary, middle, high school, and college students. Our analysis results cover the relationships among the two factors, smart-phone addiction level, present-hedonic perspective, and future time perspective. In addition, we analyze the relationship among the factors with a structural equation model. By doing these, we propose educational alternatives in terms of time and plan to improve our adolescent's abstract thinking level, which helps their problem solving skills and their academic achievement.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

As a 21C core skill, computational thinking has been focused recently, and computer programming education is popular in primary and secondary schools. This paper aims to analyze the computer programming learning results based on gender difference and verify the reasons causing the difference. In this research, we focused on students' abstract thinking level as a variable and used C programming language and the RUR-PLE. Also, in this research, we focused on the concept of abstraction, one of the main component of computational thinking. And then, we analyze 587 high school students' abstract thinking level and survey them in order to find a new method for enhancing programming skill. In addition, we analyzed the causes for the difference in how the abstract thinking level applies when the students understand various structures of computer programs. From the results, we can propose a computer programming education method that enhances students' merits and compensates their drawbacks in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.10
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• pp.14-15
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• 1981

통계학의 방법론과 이론을 교수 및 연구해온지도 벌써 오랜세월이 지났지만, 한국통계학이 이론적(수리적)인 연구가 정착되지 못한 이유는 여러가지가 있겠지만, 발표자가 지적하였듯이 수리통계 학자들의 궁핍 등의 이유를 들 수 있겠다. 60년대 몇몇 대학만이 통계학과를 운영해 오고 있었으나, 70년대 들어와서 전국 각대학(교)에 통계학과의 설치인가를 받아 활발히 통계학과의 기초를 닦고 있는 현시점에서 앞으로 이론 통계학 분야의 중요성과 필요성을 발표자가 피력함으로써 이론 통계학의 중요성을 재인식시키는데 큰 도움을 줄 것이다. 통계적 이론의 바탕이 발전되어야, 이를 기반을 둔 통계적 방법 및 응용 또한 발전이 따르기 마련이기 때문이다. 추상적인 이론이라 하여, 그것을 우리는 배격할 필요는 없다. 아무리 추상적인 이론이라 할지라도 그 바탕은 간단한 문제에서 출발하고, 그 추상적인 결과 역시 여러 분야에 응용되고 있지 않는가\ulcorner 예를 들면, 수학에 있어서 위상수학은 추상적인 분야라는 사실은 너무나 잘 알고 있다. 이것 또한 수직선을 기초로 두고 생각을 했고, 그 결과 추상적 이론이 수없이 전개되어 오고 있다. 이 추상적인 이론이라 할지라도 물리학, 공학 및 경제학 등에 응용되고 있음은 어느 누구도 부인할 수 없을 것이다. 그러므로 통계학에서 이론 통계분야의 중요성과 필요성을 지적한 점은 그 의의가 크다 하겠다. 이 중요성과 필요성을 재인식함으로써 우리나라의 이론 통계학분야의 사고를 더욱 발전시켜 기초과학으로써의 기반을 튼튼하게 해야할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

One major change in the 2015 revised national curriculum is that computational thinking ability is becoming an essential competency for students. Computational thinking is divided into abstraction, automation, and creative convergence in the curriculum for secondary schools' Information subject. And, the curriculum contains problem solving and programming area. Among the components of computational thinking, data representation emphasizes the ability to structure data and information for problem solving of learners. Pre-service teachers of Information subject at secondary schools also learn how to structure information through diagramming. There are differences in the ability to structure diagrams among students, but the studies on learning methods that help students develop their structuring abilities have rarely been performed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences of abstract thinking disposition and gender perspective among college students. As a result, female students had more concrete thinking disposition than male students. Also, there were gender differences according to the characteristics of diagrams. Differences in abstract thinking disposition also made a difference in structuring diagrams. It is useful for achieving the education purpose of improving computational thinking ability by finding out the differences in thinking tendency between males and females and finding the education method that can complement them.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.316-318
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• 2016

최근 국내외에서 소프트웨어 교육의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 2015년 개정 교육과정에서도 초 중등생들의 컴퓨팅사고력 계발에 관심이 집중되면서 초 중등학생들을 대상으로 코딩교육이 진행되고 있다. 컴퓨팅사고력 증진을 위해 그 핵심요소인 추상화와 자동화 능력을 신장시킬 여러 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 추상화 능력에 대해 교육심리 측면에서 학생들의 프로그래밍 능력 특성을 파악한 후, 컴퓨팅 사고력 계발에 도움을 주고자 한다. 이를 위해 일반계 고등학생들을 대상으로 파이썬 프로그래밍 교육을 보다 용이하게 진행하기 위하여 러플(RUR-PLE) 프로그래밍을 한 학기동안 학습한 후, 학생들의 추상적 사고수준이 프로그램을 이해하는데 어떻게 영향을 미치며 성별 간에 어떤 차이를 가지는지를 분석한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

This study analyzed the Entrepreneurial Competencies of Science and Technology Personnel from the point of view of the industry's demanders. It is necessary to change institutional and policy support from quantitative support to improvement of qualitative level. Specifically, this study used the Borich's Needs Assessment Model to determine what capabilities are currently lacking and which should be supplemented. As a result of analysis, it showed that the current level was lower than expected level. Especially, expectation level was high in order of team working, problem solving ability, communication, abstract thinking, job knowledge, Autonomy, leadership, risk-taking, and commercialization are all lower than the overall average. In the analysis of educational need, the most important factor of entrepreneurial competence appeared in order of problem solving ability, teamworking, job related knowledge, abstract thinking, and communication. This means that it is necessary to logically solve the problems that are encountered in various situations in the organization by using cooperation between the teams and their own job knowledge. In addition, education should be conducted to effectively communicate the results to others.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1 s.18
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• pp.211-222
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• 2004

신체적 체험은 인간의 사고를 형성하는 바탕이 된다. 문제해결 경험은 인간 사고를 한층 더 발전시킨다. 특히 사물의 형태와 움직임을 관찰하고, 그러한 환경에 감각-운동 신경을 발달시키는 체험에서 획득된 개념들은 추상적 사고에서 중심적 역할을 한다는 언어심리학의 가설이 흥미롭게 제기되어 연구되어 오고 있다. 개념체계로서 수학, 언어로서 수학, 의미 만들기로서 수학 , 문제 해결로서 수학 등 수학학습과 관련된 수학의 여러 모습에 대한 새로운 시각을 갖게 한다. Lakoff와 Johnson는 신체적 체험이 가져온 이러한 개념체계들 '메타포'라고 부른다. 메타포의 '개념' 수준으로의 확장은 analogy의 의미를 확장시켰다. 수학학습에 신체적 체험으로 존재하는 개념들은 수학적 개념에 이르는 학습을 새롭게 보게 한다. 본 연구는 metaphor와 analogy의 인지과학 및 언어과학에서 연구되고 있는 일반적 의미들을 제시하고 수학학습에서의 적용될 수 있는 방법들을 제시한다.