• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.431-443
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• 2012

The purpose of the research is to offering an implication about problem posing instruction for improving problem solving ability through 5th grade elementary school students' responses on problem posing. For the purpose a survey was implemented to 281 students at Busan urban area. There was a difference between the students' completeness in terms of problem posing types. They tended to make more simple problems linguistically rather than complicated problems and made problems for the equation easily. At first for the problem posing, students need to be taught to learn for making appropriate problems about an equation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.280-282
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• 2004

초등학교에서 재량활동인 컴퓨터 교재의 내용은 ICT 소양교육을 중점으로 기능 교육(한글, 파워포인트, 윈도우, 통신 등)에 대한 내용이 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 특히 초등학생들은 이미 생활에서 쉽게 접하는 정보화 시스템에 익숙하여 컴퓨터를 다루는 기능은 교재의 수준을 상당히 갖추고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 현재 초등학교에서 사용하고 있는 초등컴퓨터 재량활동 교재의 내용에 변화가 필요함을 나타내기 위하여, 부산광역시교육청의 초등컴퓨터 재량활동 교재인 '즐거운 컴퓨터'의 내용과 부산광역시 4, 5, 6학년 초등학생들의 ICT 활용기능을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과를 통하여 초등학생의 ICT 기술능력이 컴퓨터 교재의 내용을 앞서고 있음을 보이고 향후 교재내용의 변화가 있어야함을 보인다

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

In order to analyze the educational effects of digital textbooks for elementary students, the 3~4 graded elementary students were selected and designated as panels in 2014 to conduct the longitudinal study. We conducted a questionnaire survey on students who were in grade 5 or 6 in elementary school in 2016 to evaluate their effects on cognitive domain, social domain, social domain, psychomotor domain, and learning competency. As a result, 5th grade students using the digital textbooks for 3 years showed higher educational effectiveness than 6th grade students using the digital textbooks for 2 years. In addition, the use of the digital textbooks for three years has been shown to have improved educational effectiveness in all areas except students' psychomotor domain. These educational effects were higher for students with higher scores, more times using digital textbooks, and higher teachers' smart education capacity.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-922
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• 2016

This paper examined vocabulary in elementary mathematics textbooks and workbooks for the grade band of 3~4. This study focused on the adequacy of vocabulary using 9-degree of semantic difficulty. The results of this study showed that about three to eight percent of vocabulary with difficulty for students in grades 3~4 was employed. Whereas some difficult vocabularies were used along with the picture that helps students understand their meanings, others were presented without any illustrative tools. The most frequent vocabularies in the main activities of the mathematics textbooks included 'investigate', 'represent', 'number', 'how many', and 'method'. Based on these results, this study provides textbook writers with implications on what to further consider in dealing with vocabulary in instructional materials.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.717-735
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• 2016

For teaching division-with-remainder(DWR) problems, it is necessary to know students' strategies and errors about DWR problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze students' strategies and errors of DWR problems and to make some meaningful suggestions for teaching various methods of solving DWR problems. We constructed a test which consists of fifteen DWR problems to investigate students' solving strategies and errors. These problems include mathematical as well as syntactic structures. To apply this test, we selected 177 students from eight elementary schools in various districts of Seoul. The results were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The sixth graders' strategies can be classified as follows : Single strategies, Multi strategies and Assistant strategies. They used Division(D) strategy, Multiplication(M) strategy, and Additive Approach(A) strategy as sub-strategies. We noticed that frequently used strategies do not coincide with strategies for their success. While students in middle group used Assistant strategies frequently, students in higher group used Single strategies frequently. The sixth graders' errors can be classified as follows : Formula error(F error), Calculation error(C error), Calculation Product error(P error) and Interpretation error(I error). In this study, there were 4 elements for syntaxes in problems : large number, location of divisor and dividend, divisor size, vocabularies. When students in lower group were solving the problems, F errors appeared most frequently. However, in case of higher group, I errors appeared most frequently. Based on these results, we made some didactical suggestions.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 2007

It would have a trouble to communicate mathematically without an appropriate use of mathematical language. Therefore it is necessary to form mathematics classroom culture to encourage students to use mathematical language precisely. A four-month teaching experiment in a 4th grade mathematics class was conducted focused the accurate use of mathematical language. In the course of the teaching experiment, children became more careful to use their language precisely. The use of demonstrative pronouns such as this or that as well as the use of inaccurate or wrong expressions was diminished. Children became to use much more mathematical symbols and terms instead of their imprecise expressions. The result of the experiment suggests that the culture that encourage students to use mathematical language precisely can be formed in elementary mathematics classroom.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.783-802
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore in detail students' understanding of fraction as quotient. A total of 158 sixth graders in 6 elementary schools were surveyed by 8 tasks in relation to fraction as quotient. As a result, students used various partitioning strategies to solve the given sharing tasks such as partitioning the singleton unit, the composite unit, or the whole unit of the dividend. They also used incorrect partitioning strategies that were not appropriate to the given context. Students' partitioning strategies and performance of fraction as quotient varied depending on the given contexts and models. This study suggests that students should have rich experience to partition various units and reinterpret the context based on the singleton unit of the dividend.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.322-331
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify health literacy levels of elementary school students. Methods: Participants were 331 fifth and sixth graders in nine elementary schools located in Gyeongsangnam-do. Instruments were 42 health-related words derived from fifth-grade textbook 'Health in Daily Life' for linguistic health literacy, modified Korean Health Literacy Assessment Tool (KHLAT) for numeracy section of functional health literacy, items from a snack box and newspaper article for reading comprehension section of functional health literacy. Data were collected from July 15 to August 15, 2013. Results: The mean score for linguistic health literacy was $24.02{\pm}7.16$ of 42 (57.2% were correct answers). The mean score for functional health literacy was $9.27{\pm}2.30$ of 12 (77.3% were correct answers). There were significant differences in health literacy by grade and academic performance. Conclusion: This study results show that both linguistic and functional health literacy among elementary school students were not high enough to use health-related information and make appropriate health-related decisions. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies aimed at increasing health literacy levels, especially focused on underperforming students. It is also necessary that studies be done on the factors affecting the health literacy of elementary-school students.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

새로운 것을 학습할 때 학생들은 자신이 어떤 지식 상태를 갖고 있는지에 따라 상당히 다른 이해의 정도를 나타낸다. 유의미한 이해를 이끌어 내기 위해서 교사들은 학생들의 사전 지식상태를 파악하고 그것에 근거하여 학습과제를 제시할 필요가 있으며, 어떤 단원을 학습한 후에 학생들의 지식상태를 파악해 보는 방법도 모색되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 충청북도 C도시 4개 초등학교 5학년 학생 285명에게 수학 5-가 6단원을 학습한 후 넓이 측정과 관련된 지식상태 검사를 실시하고 그 결과를 Doignon & Falmagne(1999)의 지식공간론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 학생들의 답안에서 평면도형의 넓이 측정과 관련된 지식의 상태를 파악하고 세 가지 범주-측정의 의미 파악, 공식 활용, 전략의 사용-에서 지식 상태의 위계도를 작성하였다. 첫 번째 범주인 측정의 의미 파악과 관련하여 학생들은 둘레나 넓이의 속성 파악에서 혼동을 보이거나 직관적으로 넓이를 비교해야 하는 과제에서도 계산을 시도하는 지식 상태가 반 이상인 것으로 드러났다. 두 번째 범주인 공식 활용과 관련해서는 학생들의 상당수가 부적합한 수치를 넣어 무조건 넓이 계산을 시도하고 있었다. 또한 세 번째 범주인 전략 사용에 관해서는 분할이나 등적변형 등의 전략을 알고 있는 학생 중에도 40% 가량은 문제를 표상하는데 어려움이 있어 해결하지 못하는 것으로 드러났다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking experience and attitude including affect factors to smoking for elementary schoolers. The cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. We selected 810 students from 14 elementary school located in Chungchung-do and Gangwon-do by convenience random sampling and received IRB from Y Univ. 810 students were included in the final analysis using generalized linear model. Among 810 students, 7.3% of students reported to have smoking experience. The result of analyzing the smoking affect factors for smoking students who were having friends who had smoking experience, unable to smoking suggestion and those who were male, had significantly more smoking experience. According to the results of this study, there should be an intensive tailed smoking related program development for male elementary students, especially for smokers who have smoking friend and including smoking refusing program. And the school system services of elementary school should be strengthened to protect the elementary students from further the critical situation caused by smoking experience.