• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

In order to investigate the influence of the water on compression characteristic of decomposed granite soils, a single particle crushing test and one-dimensional compression tests were carried out on three decomposed granite soils and Silica sand. The initial fracture strength for single particle reduced and variability of the strength increases due to weakening by existing water. Moreover, it was recognized that one-dimensional compression characteristic was related to the initial fracture strength characteristic, and the initial fracture strength also has the effect of weathering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.693-699
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• 2021

The inferior mesenteric artery is a rare source of postpartum hemorrhage. We report two cases of primary postpartum hemorrhage that originated from the inferior mesenteric artery after vaginal delivery. Both patients showed signs of hypovolemic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation was suspected. The bleeding continued even after embolization of the uterine artery, a typical source of postpartum hemorrhage. Inferior mesenteric arteriography confirmed contrast extravasation from the superior rectal artery, and selective embolization was performed using N-butyl cyanoacrylate. This report highlights that the inferior mesenteric artery can be a source of bleeding in patients with intractable and persistent postpartum hemorrhage due to birth canal injury.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2023

This paper presents the effects of a virtual mass with a low-pass filter on stability boundaries of a virtual spring in the haptic system with first-order hold. A virtual mass is required to improve the realism of a virtual environment. However the second derivative of a displacement of a haptic device is needed while the inertia forces are computed, which causes the reflective force to change quickly and then makes the haptic system unstable. A low pass filter is added to resolve this problem and the stability region of a haptic system depends on the characteristics of the filter. In this paper the finite impulse response filter (FIR filter) is applied as one of low pass filters and the effect of the FIR filter on the stable region of a haptic system with first order hold is analyzed. When compared to stable region of the system without the FIR filter, the region of available virtual mass is increased by 20% and the maximum of the stable virtual spring is reduced by 32%, irrespective of the sampling time. Besides it is shown that the stable region of a virtual spring is proportional to the inverse square of the sampling period.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the catch rate of Monochamus saltuarius, based on sexual maturation by using aggregation-sex pheromone traps. Ovariole development of caught M. saltuarius females was compared to that of the ones not caught using traps. In a mesh cage set up at the Hongneung experimental forest, we placed a multi-funnel trap with or without an aggregation-sex pheromone lure. M. saltuarius adults, which emerged from pine logs, were grouped in four according to the emergence dates (0, 1, 7, and 10 days after emergence [DAE]). We released beetles into the mesh cage to investigate the catch rate using the traps. In each group, a total of 80 beetles (20 beetles × 4 replications) were tested, making it a total of 320 beetles. Among the four groups, M. saltuarius adults in the 7 DAE group were caught more frequently using the traps, especially with a pheromone lure; the other groups showed a low catch rate. A similar number of female and male beetles were caught using the traps. Regarding ovariole development, all the female adults in the 0 and 1 DAE groups were immature, while those in the other two groups were completely developed. Therefore, aggregation-sex pheromone traps might have a limitation in the prevention of pine wilt disease because of the transmission of pine wood nematode during maturation feeding of newly emerged M. saltuarius adults. However, aggregation-sex pheromone traps can be effective for collecting sexually mature M. saltuarius adults, for the investigation of seasonal occurrence of beetles in forests.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.347-352
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• 2012

As medical treatment is developing with technology, the men's average life expectancy is extended. Therefore, primary medical care becomes emphasized in order to reduce the medical expenses in the long term by satisfying individual's life being healthy. The date for this thesis was collected from January 2011 to June 2011. 889 patients who visited the university hospital emergency room and hospitalized in internal medicine, were picked as the research subjects and they were targeted to be recorded the distribution of chief complaint and principal diagnosis of the patients. Also, this record was used to apply to the standard Classification of Diseases(as known as ICD) and the method of detailed classification of the primary medical care(as known as ICPC) to compare each other. In order to analysis, frequency analysis was used to see vital statistics and the cross tabulations were used to see the distribution of chief complaint according to ICD and ICPC. Results of the research were Abdominal pain(17.7%), Dyspnea(13.5%), Fever (12.5%), and Haematemesis (9.8%), and those symptoms represented the 54.5% of overall chief complaints that is treated in primary care. Therefore, it is acceptable to use the classification of the primary medical care at doc-in-a-box. Also, in case of diagnosis of abdominal pain, it is classified to R10 in ICD and 116 patients(18.7%) belonged to it, but according to ICPC, it is subdivided to Epigastric(11.5%) and General(5.8%). ICPC classification, which is focused to primary medical care is more detailed than ICD classification. Because the data that is collected for this thesis is from only one hospital, it is hard to represent to all the cases, but ICPC in emergency medical care, it has more classification available and it can subdivide the patients effectively, so it is meaningful.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.235-262
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• 2019

While traditionally threatening human infectious diseases are decreasing, chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes, including cardiovascular diseases, are spreading rapidly. Reflecting the characteristics of chronic diseases that are difficult to treat, the management of risk factors and the preparation of health promotion policies corresponding to them have emerged as important concerns around the world. Providing so-called multi-sector approach such as health promotion and disease prevention policy and solution for community response, The value of primary care is once again highlighted in the changed medical environment. As the existing medical delivery system has become difficult to cope with the people's desire for rapid aging, disease paradigm change, and quality of life improvement, European Union countries have made various efforts to improve the quality of their primary medical system, which provides continuous, com- prehensive and coordinated management. This paper examines the current status and problems of the healthcare delivery system in Korea, draws implications from the European Union examples related to the strengthening of primary care, and discusses the plans for establishing a patient-centered future medical delivery system.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2016

To determine the dominant bacterial species during the Saeu-jeotgal ripening process, the cultivable bacterial population was examined over a 135-day period using six different growth media. The greatest numbers of bacteria were identified when marine agar was used for culture, with maximum cell density identified at day 65 (2.51 × 10⁷ colony forming units/g). Over the course of 135 days, the bacterial diversity was analyzed eight times. A total of 467 isolates, comprising 87 species from 42 genera, as well as 16 isolates belonging to previously unknown species, were identified. The number of species detected decreased from 39 at day 1 to 13 at day 135. The order of dominance at the genus level was as follows: Staphylococcus, Salimicrobium, Kocuria, and Psychrobacter. Staphylococcus and Salimicrobium accounted for 2% of the diversity at day 1, and then increased to 39% and 36%, respectively, at day 135. The dominant species Staphylococcus equorum, Salimicrobium salexigens, and Kocuria palustris accounted for 23.6%, 16.1%, and 10.9% of all isolates, respectively. Importantly, both St. equorum and Sm. salexigens remained viable at a NaCl concentration of 21% (w/v), which indicates their strong involvement in the ripening of Saeu-jeotgal.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2008

In order to investigate shape of synaptic vesicles of the tooth pulp afferent boutons and their presynaptic endings (p-endings), and the neuroactive substance of the p-endings in the trigeminal nucleus principalis, rat incisor tooth pulp afferents were labeled by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and quantitative ultrastructural analysis and postembedding immunogold labeling were performed. Labeled tooth pulp afferent boutons contained clear, spherical synaptic vesicles (diameter: $45{\sim}55\;nm$) and occasionally dense core vesicles(diameter: $80{\sim}120\;nm$). They formed symmetrical synapses with unlabeled axon terminals (p-endings) containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The ratio of short to long diameter (form factor) of synaptic vesicles of pulp afferent boutons was 0.6 to 0.99, whereas that of p-endings was 0.25 to 0.99. In addition, most of the p-endings showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. These results indicate that the shape of synaptic vesicles is quite different between the tooth pulp afferent boutons and p-endings, and the p-endings may contain GABA as a neuroactive substance in the trigeminal nucleus principalis.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.496-501
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• 2009

In order to promote the efficiency of strawberry breeding programs, pollen viability of strawberry, 'Seolhyang' was investigated using the fluorochromatic reaction test and seed set under controlled environment. Pistil receptivity was also assessed by hand pollination. Four varieties including 'Maehyang' were used for the test of pistil receptivity with 'Seolhyang' as a pollen parent. Pollen viability remained high for several days under dry conditions as below 33% relative humidity while the greatest loss of viability occurred at 76% relative humidity. The viability was rapidly decreased at high humidity and almost all grains were unviable in 7 days after storage. Pollen viability does not appear to be drastically reduced if the relative humidity is low. Therefore, humidity is more important factor than temperature for the pollen viability in Fragaria${\times}$ananassa. The rate of seed set by hand pollination lasted higher than the average of 77.2% from 2 to 8 days after emasculation when the daily average temperature was around $15^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. It began to decline gradually from 10 days and had decreased dramatically after 12 days except several cultivars. Based on the daily mean accumulated temperature, it is recommended to have an artificial pollination between the range of $45{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ after the emasculation to increase the rate of seed set in strawberry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.898-906
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• 2018

To investigate the effect of yellow dust on phytoplankton, a field survey and physiological experiments were carried out in the waters near Taean Peninsula from April 22 to 26, 2006, when yellow dust occurred. Phytoplankton populations during the yellow dust period were in the range of $26{\sim}290{\times}10^3cells{\cdot}L^{-1}$, a somewhat low standing crop. An increase in diatoms (a main taxonomic group), especially benthic diatoms such as Paralia sulcate, a typical species for active mixed sea water areas, was also remarkable. In addition, the Chl-a concentration after yellow dust exceeded the Chl-a concentration change range according to the tide before yellow dust. As the concentration of yellow sand increased in a yellow sand treatment experiment, primary productivity decreased, and the maximum assimilation number showed the same tendency. In the 48h culture experiment, primary productivity of the test group was lower than that of the control group at the early stage (T0) of yellow sand treatment, but after 48 hours (T48), the test group showed higher primary productivity than the control group. In particular, the primary productivity of the test group significantly increased to 321 % after 48 hours. Therefore, strong physical environment accompanied by yellow dust may temporarily inhibit the growth of phytoplankton in the waters adjacent to China in the early stage of yellow dust, but the formation of stable water mass has also been identified as a potential factor promoting the growth of phytoplankton.