• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.507-530
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to help teachers for their teaching practice by analyzing the excellent lesson videos. To analyze the lesson videos between teacher and students, the researchers classified excellent lesson classes into four types as 'Discourse type', 'Representation type', 'Operation type' and 'Complex type' by mathematical communication pattern and kept close watch each lesson videos. Mathematical communication of the best discourse type classroom was analyzed in terms of questioning, explaining, and the sources of mathematical ideas. As a result, the number of Discourse type classes was 6. Operation type classes were 16 owing to characteristic of elementary class. Representation type class was 1 and Complex type class was 1. The Classes excluding Operation type was more planned by teachers. Teachers need to know about mathematical communication accurately because they designed just 5 lesson plan considering mathematical communication of students and only one of the lessons has the intellectual purpose of communication. Furthermore teachers should reflect questioning for student-to-student in their lesson plan.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-164
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• 2011

The national mathematics curriculum revised in 2007 emphasized students' mathematical communication and the curriculum is currently applied to all grades. In order to promote students' mathematical communication, the teacher needs to understand full implications and apply them to instruction. This study examined how teachers employed mathematical communication in their instruction and how they perceived it. The results showed that teachers had lack of understanding of student-centered instruction and mathematical communication. They also did not use various representation activities and discussion-based activities as expected. The number of students per classroom was reported by teachers as a main barrier to promote mathematical communication, but it did not make substantial differences in practice. Building on the results, this paper included implications for improving teachers' conception of mathematical communication.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

When mathematicians solve the new problems, they present the solutions to their colleagues for getting the approval. If the solution is accepted, it will be theorems. This phenomenon also happens to classrooms in elementary and secondary school. That is main reason to emphasize mathematical communication activities in mathematics education. This study is aimed to develop teaching and learning model for the improvement of mathematical communication ability, applicate the teaching and learning model to two groups and analyze for mathematical thoughts. This study is a case study of 3rd grader's activities. Eight students, four are group applied the teaching and learning model and four are traditional group. The results have been drawn as follows: First, students in the teaching and learning model group induced richer interactions for student's understanding and investigation when we compare to those of traditional group. Second, students in the teaching and learning model group have the chance to explain their thoughts. And we can observe students to clear on their thought through speaking and discussing. This model makes students to enhance organizing, forming and clearing in their mathematical thoughts and is effective to estimate of students thought for teacher.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.269-283
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• 2009

This study has investigated the way to improve the communication skills emphasized in mathematics education, and analyzed the effects of Communication Oriented Mathematics Lessons on the mathematical disposition and the academic achievements. For this research, two groups of first grade students from D elementary school in Daegu city were selected which had been proved homogeneous in mathematical disposition and academic achievements via a preliminary test. The experimental group was given Communication Oriented Mathematics Lessons (COML) while the control group was given Traditional Classroom-based Instruction (TCI). COML were given along with first grade, first level mathematics for eight weeks, to improve communication skills of the students who were unfamiliar with mathematical communications. The schemes for the education include revising, summarizing, asking questions, and participating. The results of the study were summarized for mathematical disposition and academic achievements. First, COML is effective to evaluate the will to solve problems in the mathematical disposition of the students, and to make it useful for them to live their lives and to learn other subjects. Second, previous studies have shown contrary interpretations on the effects of COML. This study has found that it does not improve the students' scores on the original form of academic achievement test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Elementary Mathematics Education
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.63-88
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• 2010

본 연구는 초등학교 수학에 적용 가능한 수학사를 추출하고 이를 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 수업 모형을 개발하여, 수학사를 활용하는 수업이 학생들의 수학적 의사소통과 수학적 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 실험집단에는 수학사를 활용한 수업을, 비교집단에는 교과서를 활용한 강의식 수업을 실시하였으며, 연구 중에 수집된 자료는 양적 분석과 질적 분석 방법을 병행하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 수학사를 활용한 수학수업은 학생들의 의사소통 참여도를 향상시키는 데에 도움을 주었으며, 둘째, 학생들이 수학적 논리를 가지고 자신의 의견을 상대방에게 정당화하게 하였다. 또한 셋째, 수학사를 활용한 수학 수업이 학생들의 수학적 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시키는 데에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.523-545
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• 2010

Mathematical communication has been emphasized not only as the process of learning mathematics but also as the objective of mathematics education. However, little studies have been conducted with regard to what to consider and how to implement in the actual classroom for promoting mathematical communication. Given this background, this paper implemented a mathematics instruction in each of 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade classrooms in which specific learning objectives were considered to promote discourse-based mathematical communication. It then analyzed the degree by which such learning objectives were achieved and the linguistic interactions between the teacher and students in each classroom. This paper finally provided issues and suggestions for effective discourse-based instruction in mathematics classroom by analyzing similarities and differences among the three classrooms.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.585-601
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of communication skills and self-directed learning ability between mathematically gifted elementary students and non-gifted students. The subjects include 126 mathematically gifted elementary students from gifted education centers and gifted classes in elementary schools in D Metropolitan City and 124 non-gifted students that were non categorized as gifted students or special children in the same city. Employed in the study were the tests of communication skills and self-directed learning ability. Through this study, there are notable differences in communication skills and self-directed learning ability between mathematically gifted students and non-gifted students. Thus, those communication skills and self-directed learning ability should be taken into account when organizing and running a curriculum. In addition, developing a program for mathematically gifted students, as well as in teaching and learning communication skills and self-directed learning ability sufficient to consider the interrelationships between.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.435-455
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• 2015

This study is aimed at analyzing the level change and features of mathematical communication in elementary students' expository writing. 20 students of 5th graders of elementary school in Seoul were given expository writing activity for 14 lessons and their worksheets was analyzed through four categories; the accuracy of the mathematical language, logicality of process and results, specificity of content, achieving the reader-oriented. This study reached the following results. First, The level of expository writing about concepts and principles was gradually improved. But the level of expository writing about problem solving process is not same. Middle class level was lower than early class, and showed a high variation in end class again. Second, features of mathematical communication in expository writing were solidity of knowledge through a mathematical language, elaboration of logic based on the writing, value of the thinking process to reach a result, the clarification of the content to deliver himself and the reader. Therefore, this study has obtained the conclusion that expository writing is worth keeping the students' thinking process and can improve the mathematical communication skills.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-115
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• 2009

One of remarkable characteristics of 2007 revised mathematics national curriculum is the emphasis of communication in classroom. It does not mean only listening students' comments. In other words, it is different from presentation of individuals' thoughts. In the paper, teaching and learning practices required teachers who want to establish classroom culture supporting harmonious communication in mathematics instruction.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Storytelling in Mathematics Instruction effects students' mathematical communication apprehension. In order to do this, I selected two grade six classes with no significant difference on the Communication Apprehension(CA) test. I applied normal story telling and digital story telling to each of the classes for ten weeks then analyzed the effects through the post CA test. As a result, for Normal Storytelling Class (NSC), there was no meaningful difference in the ex ante and ex post CA test results. However, for Digital Storytelling Class (DSC), there was a meaningful difference in regards to the communication apprehension subgroup. Also, between the two NSC and DSC groups' post CA results, there was a meaningful difference in mathematics lesson and subgroup factors. Consequently, these results suggest the appliance of Digital Storytelling helps lower CA in $6^{th}$ graders participation in math class and subgroup.