• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

Non-verbal communications are important because they support and replace verbal communication. Body language of various non-verbal communications is the communication using the body. In animation, expression of body language is very important because characters play an important role in communicating the scenario. Animation has a dual communication structure, different from general communication. One is the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character, the other is the image and the audience, which includes the communication between the speaker character and the hearer character. In this study, we divide the body language from the characters into the discourse-in act and discourse-out act according to this dual structure and classify it into adaptors, emblem, illustrator, regulator, affect display by a functional approach method. Especially, the illustrator is subdivided into pragmatic speech act. Finally, this study analyzes the features of body language in animation and represents animation character's body language for an effective expression of the communications in animation.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to discover how therapeutic music making affects the way of communications in single-parent families. To do this, the study conducted a therapeutic music making program in two families consisting of a mother and a child. Songwriting, Ostinato-creating, improvisation imitation, and ensemble were used as musical interventions. The results of this study are following. First, the participant group B improved from 59 to 69.5 point after the program. However, the group A decreased from 81 to 75.5 point mainly due to frequent absences, differences in applying music. Second, the analysis of the results of verbal, nonverbal and musical responses from the program suggests that the group B gradually improved functional communications as each session develops. For the case of group A, at the initial stage, dysfunctional communications in verbal and nonverbal ones could be found. After the eighth session however, functional communications had increased. The result of the study shows that overall therapeutic music making has been an effective musical intervention in improving communication in single-parent families.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

This study was done with collected and analyzed data using the convenient sampling method on 349 middle school students located in the metropolitan area in order to verify the effect of instructors verbal and nonverbal communications on instructor trust and class commitment in middle school sports clubs. As a result of analyzing the collected data, First, as a result of correlation analysis using the total number of items between sub-factors of latent variables, all correlation coefficients showed a positive (+) significant relationship. Second, as a result of the effect of verbal and nonverbal communications on instructor trust, it was found that the influence of spatial language, appearance language, body language, and linguistic factors were significantly explained in order. Third, as a result of the effect of verbal and nonverbal communications on class flow, it was found that class commitment was significantly explained in the order of appearance language, spatial language, and linguistic factors. Fourth, as a result of the influence of instructor's trust on class commitment, it was found that only the exercise capacity factor significantly explained class commitment. This study provides basic academic data to plan and create interactions with school sports club instructors and students.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

Mentally disable children feel as failure because they have difficulty in restricted and undifferentiated communications with others. It also makes the counter-partner feel frustrated. Therefore, in the aspects of language acquirement and communication activities, it is essential to let the disable children learn and communicate voluntarily. Music provides the unthreatening and interesting stimulus as non-language communication vehicle. Musical experiences for mentally disable children's are multi-stimulating experiences that make a positive influence in speech and language development and development of variety of talents. There are many communication intervention and method to treat the mentally disable children. One of the most effective treatments for mentally disable children to acquire communication techniques by expressing the language more naturally and joyfully is the musical therapy. This study analyzes children's communication technique referring to response action and attempt action through video tape observation. Also, this study measured the receptive and expressive language by PRES(Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale) as a test tool in order to examine the pre-post language ability for respective children as pre-post period of therapy activity. First result of this study showed that music therapy with song was effective for mentally disable children in enhancing the communication techniques centered with communication response and in attempt action by increasing the communication action incidence. Secondly, pre-post comparison test with PRES showed that the music therapy with song was effective on improvement the receptive and expressive language ability of 4 children.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.439-444
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• 2007

정서 전달에는 언어적 의사소통뿐만 아니라 비언어적 의사소통이 거론되곤 한다. 하지만 지금까지의 비언어적 의사소통 연구는 대부분 언어의 음향학적 연구나 얼굴표정 연구에 국한되었다. 또한 음악의 정서에 대한 연구는 음악적 구조 혹은 스타일과 여러 성격적 특질 및 행동 간의 관계, 혹은 생리적 효과 등 어떤 음악(what music)이 특정한 효과를 일으키느냐에 중점을 두고 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Gabrielsson & Juslin(1996)의 연구에 의거, 음악을 통하여 작곡가가 아닌 연주자의 의도된 정서가 청자에게 얼마나 잘 지각될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 봉 녕구의 가설은 다음과 같다; 첫째, 연주자의 정서적 의도는 음악의 모든 물리적 변인에 영향을 준다; 둘째, 청자는 의도된 정서를 지각하는 데 일반적으로 성공적이다; 셋째, 특정 정서는 다른 정서보다 더 잘 구분된다. 본 연구에 사용된 곡은 학습 효과를 배제하기 위하여 새롭게 전문 작곡가에 의해 작곡되었으며, 전문 연주자는 동일한 곡을 7종류의 정서(행복한, 슬픈, 화난, 두려운, 다정한, 엄숙한, 정서 표현 없음)를 표현하도록 연주하였다. 하나의 완전한 음악을 표현하기 위하여 각 곡은 멜로디(악기구성: 일렉트릭 기타, 베이스, 그랜드 피아노)와 리듬(드럼)을 포함하였다. 실험참가자는 각 곡을 듣고 7개의 정서 종류 각각에 점수를 평정하였다. 그 결과 이전 연구와 마찬가지로 청자는 연주자의 의도된 정서를 일반적으로 지각하는 데 성공하였으며 7개의 정서 중 특징적인 정서("행복한", "슬픈", "화난", "다정한") 는 다른 정서 보다 더 잘 구별되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 "두려운" 정서 곡의 음향분석 결과 소리 강도의 큰 변산이 특징이었다. 이는 이전 연구에서 "두려운" 정서의 특징인 타이밍의 큰 변산과 함께, "두려운" 정서가 '불규칙적이거나 변화가 커서 예측하기 어려운' 속성을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 또한 "다정한" 정서에 대해서 본 연구에서는 다른 모든 정서와 유의미한 차이를 보인 반면, 이전 연구에서는 "슬픈"과 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이는 본 연구에 쓰인 "다정한" 정서의 곡은 리듬 패턴을 다른 정서 버전과는 다르게 보사노바 리듬을 사용하였다. 이전 연구와는 다르게 빠른 템포였음에도 불구하고 구별이 잘 된 이유는 이와 같이 장르 특징적인 영향이 컸기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 이는 연주자나 음악 스타일 자체의 성격이 정서 판단에 있어 큰 영향을 준다는 사실을 시사한다. 종합적으로 음악을 통한 정서 전달에 있어 연주자, 청자, 악기, 음악 스타일의 차이가 영향을 줄 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였으며 이러한 결과는 Scherer & Oshinsky(1977)가 언급하였듯 음악 연주가 다른 비언어적 의사소통 방법과 공유하는 특징이 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

In this study, using data completed in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children, discourse management, situational adjustment and application ability, communication intention, and non-verbal communication were investigated by the child pragmatic language checklist tool in the field of cognitive and language development. It is to find a significant influence by analyzing the relationship between the factors of the observed variables on the latent variables of communication. The subject of this study is 4th grade elementary school students in 1,392 households, excluding 36 non-respondents to the language development question, out of 2150 households in the 11th year of the Panel Study on Korean Children(2018) data, 1428 households excluding 722 households who did not participate in the survey. As a result of the study, it was found that the total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect among the three latent variables except for communication intention were all significant in the effect analysis of the research model. Specifically, not only did nonverbal communication have a direct effect on discourse management ability, but also the indirect influence mediated by situational control and application ability was significant in the relationship between nonverbal communication and discourse management ability. As a result, it was found that the higher the non-verbal communication and situational adjustment and adaptation ability, the higher the discourse management ability.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.67-71
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• 2023

인간은 출생부터 필연적으로 부모와 관계 속에서 다양한 경험을 통해 성장하고 발전하게 된다. 자녀가 세상에 태어나면서 부모와 언어적, 비언어적 의사소통을 통해 다양한 관계를 경험하면서 성장하고 발전하면서, 본인의 가치관 정립과 대인관계 형성을 위한 기초가 된다. 부모-자녀 간 원활하지 못한 의사소통이 자녀에게 정신건강 문제와 이탈, 비행과 범죄로 연결된다는 것을 많은 연구 사례가 볼 수가 있다. 이러한 선행연구를 살펴보면서 부모와 자녀 간의 원활한 개방적 의사소통이 자녀의 성장과 대인관계 형성을 하는 데 중요한 역할을 하지만, 원활하지 못한 의사소통이 이루어지면은 발전과 성장에 많은 문제를 가지고 청소년기를 보내고, 성인이 되어서도 건강하지 못 할 수가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 중기 청소년의 성장 과정에서 자기 통제력 향상에 부모와 자녀의 개방적 의사소통이 원활할 때 중기 청소년의 발달과 성장에 영향을 줄 수 있는 자기 통제력에 대해 부모-자녀 간 개방적 의사소통의 매개 역할을 하는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 부모-자녀 간 메시지 전달이 감정교류 및 정보전달 등을 모두 포함하는 상호작용을 통해 성장과 발전을 할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 중기 청소년의 부모-자녀 간 원활한 의사소통에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 자기 통제력을 종속변수로 설정하여 본 연구를 검증하기 위해 진행하였다.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.385-415
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• 2011

To investigate the more effective mathematical communication process, a recommended teacher and a selected class as an exemplary model was analyzed with Flanders system. The mathematical communicative level was examined to measure content level using the framework analysing the mathematical communicative level(Park & Pang) based on describing levels of math-talk learning community(Hufferd-Ackles). The purposes of this paper are to describe the verbal flow pattern between teacher and students in the elementary school class for mathematically gifted students, and to propose the effective communication model of math-talk with analysis of verbal teaching behavior in the active class. In addition the whole and the parts of the exemplary class sample is respectively analysed to be used practically by elementary school teachers. The results show the active communication process with higher level presents a pattern 'Ask Question${\rightarrow}$Activity (Silence, Confusion or work)${\rightarrow}$Student-Initiated Talk${\rightarrow}$Activity (Silence, Confusion or work), and the teacher's verbal behavior promoting math communication actively is exhibited by indirect influence especially accepting or using ideas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.507-509
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• 2013

This paper covers the individual with mild autistic disorder complementary and alternative communication Support program by using Android. The complementary and alternative communication is the communicative system to help handicapped people who have problems with colloquial and non-colloquial communication. In this research, we will introduce the communication manner of autistic disorder, the method of how to measure the language disabled people's selection and frequency of the words, and the basic training method of Autism people's communication ways. In this paper, we developed complementary and alternative communication system which used language representative method to encourage language disabled people to study on communication in effective way. We utilized 'TTS technology' to enable handicapped people delivering their mind with the voice; moreover, by listening their voice by themselves, we accelerated their studies on communications. In addition, by offering 'Painting function', we promoted handicapped people to deliver their purpose widely and efficiently. Also, we built the smart system in 'Painting function' to collect frequency and educated degree data from the users by using this function, we can analyze the percentage of conscious and unconscious communication way of Autism cases to help them.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Humans develop and maintain relationship through communication. Communication is largely divided into verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of a language or characters, while non-verbal communication utilizes body language. We use gestures with language together in conversations of everyday life. Gestures belong to non-verbal communication, and can be offered using a variety of shapes and movements to deliver an opinion. For this reason, gestures are spotlighted as a means of implementing an NUI/NUX in the fields of HCI and HRI. In this paper, using Kinect and the geometric features of the hand, we propose a method for recognizing the number of fingers and detecting the hand area. A Kinect depth image can be used to detect the hand region, with the finger number identified by comparing the distance of outline and the central point of a hand. Average recognition rate for recognizing the number of fingers is 98.5%, from the proposed method, The proposed method would help enhancing the functionality of the human computer interaction by increasing the expression range of gestures.