• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the safety of Korean human milk. The microorganisms were identified from human milk of 149 healthy mothers by two collection methods, hand and pump expression. The means of total bacterial counts were 2.33x10$^4$ cfu/mL on the samples collected by the pump expression and 7.83xl0$^3$ cfu/mL on those collected by the hand expression. Therefore, the total bacterial counts of pump expression samples was 9.80xl0$^2$∼3.06x10$^4$ cfu/mL more than that of hand expression samples. The coliform counts of pump expression was 9.36xl0$^3$∼8.57xl0$^4$ cfu/mL more than that of hand expression. However, there was any significant differences of the lactic acid bacterial counts between the two samples collected by each methods. 100 strains of 5 patterns of total bacterial counts were isolated based on the morphology of colony in the standard plate count agar. 13 species were identified among the isolated strains. The dominant species in Korean human milk were Staphylococcus which 7 subspecies identified(81% in the rate of total bacteria, 1.07x10$^4$ cfu/mL). Other species identified were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Yersinia and Acinetobacter. 36 strains of 6 patterns of lactic acid bacterial counts were isolated based on morphology of colony in the BCP agar. 7 species were identified among the isolated strains. The dominant species of lactic acid bacteria in Korean human milk were Lactobacillus brevis(50.9% in the rate of lactic acid bacteria, 4.72xl0$^4$ cfu/mL). Others species identified(49.1% lactic acid bacteria) were Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostic lactis and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.994-1002
• /
• 2009

A bacteriocin-producing bacterium identified as Bacillus licheniformis was isolated from soybean sauce. Antibacterial activity was confirmed by paper disc diffusion method, using Micrococcus luteus as a test organism. The bacteriocin also showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus planiarum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Pediococcus dextrinicus. Optimal culture conditions for the production of bacteriocin was attained by growing the cells in an MRS medium at a pH of 6.5~ 7.0 and a temperature of 37$^\circ$C for 36$\sim$48 hr. Solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile had little effect on bacteriocin activity. However, about 50% of bacteriocin activity diminished with treatment of methanol and isopropanol at the final concentration of 50% at 25$^\circ$C for 1 hr. It was stable against a pH variation range from 3.0 and 7.0, but the activity reduced to 50% at a pH range from 9.0 to 11.0. It's activity was not affected by heat treatment at 100$^\circ$C for 30 min and 50% of activity was retained after heat treatment at 100$^\circ$C for 60 min, showing high thermostability. The bacteriocin was purified to a homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation, SP-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The entire purification protocol led to a 75-fold increase in specific activity and a 13.5% yield of bacteriocin activity. The molecular weight of purified bacteriocin was estimated to be about 2.5 kDa by tricine-SDS-PAGE.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2006

Crown gall on lower stem of weeping fig(Ficus benjamina Roxb.) was first observed at Daejon in 2003. Tumors were about 15 cm in size and semi-round with rough surface texture of dark brown color. Two virulent isolates among ten bacteria isolated from the tumor tissues were characterized. Their colonies were convex, glistening, circular with an entire edge, and white or tannish cream in color on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% $CaCO_3$. They were rod shape with peritrichous flagellae, gram-negative, aerobic growth, oxidase-positive, and grew on D1M agar. The isolates were identified as Agrobacterium larrymoorei and A. tumefaciens based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns. Seedlings of some host plants excepting grapevine produced typical galls two to three weeks after inoculation with cell suspensions of the virulent strains. This is the first report on crown gall of weeping fig in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2006

Crown gall on lower stem and root of chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura) was observed at Hwasung and Gumi in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Tumors were semi-round with rough surface texture of dark brown color. Nine isolates inducing gall formation on lower stem of chrysanthemum among twenty isolates from the tumor tissues were characterized. Their colonies were convex, glistening, circular with an entire edge and whitish or tannish cream in color on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% $CaCO_3$. The virulent isolates were rod-shaped with peritrichous flagellae, gram negative, aerobic and growing on D1M agar. Among nine virulent isolates, one isolate was identified as Agrobacterium rubi and eight isolates were A. tumefaciens based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns. A. tumefaciens had strong pathogenicity and broad host range compared with A. rubi. This is the first report on crown gall of chrysanthemum in Korea. To our knowledge, crown gall of chrysanthemum caused by A. rubi is first report in this study worldwide.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 1995

Protease activity was identified in crude extracts of Pnrqgonimw westermnni eggs which were purified from infected dog lungs, isolated on 14 weeks after metacercarial challenge. The eggs were used after removing possibly contaminated host or worm tissues on their shell surfaces. In the crude egg extracts, high proteolytic activities against carboBfrb enzoyl - ph enylalanyl - arginyl-4- methoxy- β- naphthylamide (Cbz - phe - arg- MNA) and Azocoll were detected whereas those against succinyl-alanyl-propyl-phenylalanyl-p- nitroanilide (Suc-ala-pro-phe-pNA) were not revealed. The eVe eBdlibited the maximal activity at pH 6. Its activity was inhibited by specific cysteine protease inhibitors, 105 M I- trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64) and 1 mM iodoacetamide (LAA) while potentiated by 6.5-fold in the presence of 2.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) . When the enzyme was purified partially by Sephacryl S-300 High Resolution gel filtration, it migrated as a single homogeneous band at 35 kDa. The 35 kDa cysteine protease has been recognized neither in the metacercariae nor in the adult. These findings indicated the presence of at least one protease of cathepsin family in immature eggs of f westernani.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.347-350
• /
• 2011

Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with phenotypic and biochemical properties distinct from free-living planktonic cells. Biofilm bacteria show much greater resistance than planktonic counterparts and much higher concentration of biocide is needed to treat biofilms compared to the dosage used for planktonic bacteria. As a result, alternative strategies or more effective agents exhibiting activity against biofilm-producing micro-organisms are of great interest. Therefore, we turned our attention to control of biofilm of S. aureus. The aims of this research are to investigate substances which inhibit the formation of biofilm by S. aureus and to suggest effective materials for controlling skin problems. We coated slide glasses with human placental collagen and the coverslip was incubated with test materials and bacteria. The coverslip was stained with crystal violet and we measured optical density of each sample. The biofilm inhibitory activity was calculated by crystal violet staining degrees. In this study, S. aureus ATCC 6538 was used as test organism. Our results show that both water soluble and insoluble Hinoki cypress polysaccharide strongly inhibited biofilm formation. Whereas, green tea and sunset hibiscus root extract promoted biofilm. Xylitol showed a concentration dependent effect; high concentration (3 % and 5 %) of xylitol reduced biofilm while promoted biofilm formation at a concentration of 1 %. These results support that Hinoki cypress polysaccharide and xylitol have ability to suppress biofilm formation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2012

Three protease-producing halophilic bacteria were isolated from fermenting anchovy. Isolated FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were found to grow optimally at salt concentrations of 2-4%, 10%, and 6%, respectively, and could grow in salinity of up to 18-22%. The salinity conditions for optimum protease production were 6% in FAM 10 and 10% in FAM 114 and FAM 115. The protease activity of FAM 10 was gradually inhibited by the addition of NaCl up to 10%, and was not evident at 14%, whereas FAM 114 and FAM 115 displayed protease activity at 14% NaCl and could not be measured at 18%. These results demonstrated that the three isolated strains belong to protease-producing, moderately halophilic bacteria. Strain FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were identified as Salinivibrio sp., Halobacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp. respectively, based on comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic space sequence (IGS), biochemical testing, and Gram staining. Salinivibrio sp. FAM 10 had two 16S rDNAs containing different sequences at position 191 and four IGSs that harbored no tRNA gene and tRNA genes for isoleucine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and/or valine. Halobacillus sp. FAM 114 and FAM 115 had completely identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed 99% identity to the sequences of various Halobacillus strains. The three IGSs found in the genome of both strains displayed 99% sequence identity with Halobacillus aidingensis and Halobacillus sp. JM-Hb, and had $IGS^0$ with no tRNA gene and $IGS^{IA}$ with tRNA genes for isoleucine and alanine.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide preliminary data for bone disease prevention by examining the correlation between bone mineral density, and lifestyle and nutritional status of female shift workers, at general hospitals with an irregular life cycle. The subjects for this study were 232 female shift workers, over 30 years old, who worked at a general hospital more than 5 years. From the subjects, who understood the purpose of this study and decided to be participated, we measured serum albumin, total brotein, total cholesterol, hematocrit, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus from blood test, and obtained bone mineral density. To analyze the effectiveness of the variables for explanation power, we established the studied values as independent variables, bone minral density as a dependent variable. Exercise, the number of drinking, calcium, and phosphorus were selected as significant variables and the explanation power was 10.2%. The bone mineral density were significantly higher at the subjects who had exercise, higher calcium and phosphorus possession, and drank alcohol than the opposite cases. Regular exercise, and 1:1 intake of calcium and phosphorous were important to prevent osteoporosis for the subjects who were working three shifts which cause irregular lifestyle.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.157-157
• /
• 2010

RDF는 장기저장이 가능한 것이 특징 중의 하나이지만, 우리나라보다 앞서 대량저장을 시작한 일본의 RDF 저장 사일로에서 폭발사고가 발생한 사례가 있어, RDF를 실제로 저장하여 RDF 온도 및 가연성가스 발생상황 등을 장기간 감시 측정하여 사일로 안전관리지표를 도출하였다. 실험에 사용한 RDF 저장조는 직경 3.1m, 높이 11.4m의 사일로방식으로 제작하였다. RDF 저장량은 $70m^3$이었으며, 저장기간은 475일이었다. 사일로에는 15개의 열전대를 설치하여 사일로 표면, 직경방향 1.2m 지점 및 기온을 측정하여 수직방향 및 수평방향의 온도변화를 분석하였다. 가스 샘플링포트는 온도측정지점과 동일한 위치 설치하여 진공펌프로 흡인하여 테트라 백에 포집하여 GC로 분석하였으며, 가스샘플링은 17회 실시하였다. 비교적 대형 저장설비이고 RDF가 열전도성이 낮은 물질임에도 불구하고 사일로 내부온도는 기온보다는 높았지만, 기온의 영향을 많이 받아 7월에 정점, 1월에 하점을 나타내는 사인곡선과 같은 패턴을 보였다. 측정지점별 온도차는 수평방향 보다 수직방향에서 높게 나타났으며, RDF층으로 전열 및 축열이 진행되고 생화학반응을 촉진시키는 상승작용의 결과로 월평균온도가 $49^{\circ}C$를 나타내는 지점도 있었다. 실제 사일로는 RDF의 투입과 배출이 연속적으로 진행되어 방열이 이루어지므로 하계에 대량저장을 실시하지 않는 한 RDF층 내부에서 생화학적 반응열이 생성되더라도 $40^{\circ}C$를 상회할 가능성은 매우 희박할 것으로 판단된다. RDF 저장시 발생하는 가스는 대부분 $CO_2$였으며, 미량이지만 $H_2$, CO, $CH_4$도 검출되었다. 가연성 가스는 저장 후 2개월 동안은 발생하지 않았으며, 하계에는 타 계절에 비해 상대적으로 고농도로 검출되었다. 발생가스와 온도 및 $CO_2$와 $H_2$농도의 상관성은 높게 나타나지 않았지만, 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 저장한 RDF의 성상(수분, 발열량, 분화물)은 실험개시 전의 RDF분석결과와 실험종료 후 분석결과에서는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 RDF의 안전 저장을 위해서는 (1) 반입되는 RDF성상관리, (2) RDF가 2개월 이상 장기간 체류하는 데드스페이스가 발생하지 않고 선입선출이 확보되는 저장조 설계, (3) 사일로 내부에 최소 3개 이상의 지점에서 온도를 측정하여 상시감시하고 $40^{\circ}C$이하로 관리, (4) 발생가스는 CO, $CO_2$, $H_2$, $CH_4$ 등의 가연성가스를 모두 측정 감시하는 것이 바람직하지만, 최소 $CO_2$와 $H_2$는 상시감시하고 각각 1%와 100ppm 미만으로 관리, (5) 배풍기 등을 이용한 상시 환기실시, (6) 하계에는 대량저장이 이루어지지 않도록 저장조 운용계획 수립 등을 실시해야 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.70-81
• /
• 2015

Helicases are known to be a proteins that use the chemical energy of NTP binding and hydrolyze to separate the complementary strands of double-stranded nucleic acids to single-stranded nucleic acids. They participate in various cellular metabolism in many organisms. DEAD-box proteins are ATP-dependent RNA helicase that participate in all biochemical steps involving RNA. DEAD-box3 (DDX3) gene is belonging to the DEAD-box family and plays an important role in germ cell development in many organisms including not only vertebrate, but also invertebrate during asexual and sexual reproduction and participates in stem cell differentiation during regeneration. In this study, in order to identify and characterize DDX3 gene in the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus having a powerful regeneration capacity, total RNA was isolated from adult head containing clitellum. Full length of DDX3 gene from P. excavatus, Pe-DDX3, was identified by RT-PCR using the total RNA from head as a template. Pe-DDX3 encoded a putative protein of 607 amino acids and it also has the nine conserved motifs of DEAD-box family, which is characteristic of DEAD-box protein family. It was confirmed that Pe-DDX3 has the nine conserved motifs by the comparison of entire amino acids sequence of Pe-DDX3 with other species of different taxa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pe-DDX3 belongs to a DDX3 (PL10) subgroup of DEAD-box protein family. And it displayed a high homology with PL10a, b from P. dumerilii.