• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.499-511
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to find out effect of the orthographic representation on speech sound segmentation performance. Children's performances of the orthographic representation task and the speech sound segmentation task had positive correlation in words of phoneme-grapheme correspondence and negative correlation in words of phoneme-grapheme non-correspondence. In the case of words of phoneme-grapheme correspondence, there was no difference in performance ability between orthographic representation high level group and low level group, while in the case of words of phoneme-grapheme non-correspondence, the low level group's performance was significantly better than the high level group's. The most frequent errors of both groups were orthographic conversion errors and such errors were significantly more noticeable in the high level group. This study suggests that from the time of learning orthographic knowledge, children utilize orthographic knowledge for the performance of phonological awareness tasks.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.580-582
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• 2008

• Review of KIISC
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

본 고는 ITU-T SG17 Q.5 "Countering spam by technical means"에서의 스팸 대응 기술 표준화 현황을 정리한다. Q.5/17에서의 스팸차단기술 표준화는 주로 이메일 스팸, IP 멀티미디어 스팸, 모바일 단문메시지서비스 스팸을 대상으로하며, 스팸 차단을 위한 상위 수준의 개요 표준, 기술 프레임워크 표준 및 기술 기법에 대한 표준 개발이 이루어지고 있다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.475-482
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• 2010

In this paper, an efficient two-level parallel domain decomposition algorithm is suggested to solve large-DOF structural problems. Each subdomain is composed of the coarse problem and local problem. In the coarse problem, displacements at coarse nodes are computed by the iterative method that does not need to assemble a stiffness matrix for the whole coarse problem. Then displacements at local nodes are computed by Multi-Frontal Sparse Solver. A parallel version of PCG(Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method) is developed to solve the coarse problem iteratively, which minimizes the data communication amount between processors to increase the possible problem DOF size while maintaining the computational efficiency. The test results show that the suggested algorithm provides scalability on computing performance and an efficient approach to solve large-DOF structural problems.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2002

This paper proposes new 16 kbps wideband speech codec with bandwidth of 7 kHz. The proposed codec decomposes the input speech signal into low-band and high-band signals using QMF (Quadrature Mirror Filter), then AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) speech codec processes the low-band signal and new transform-domain codec based on G.722.1 wideband cosec compresses the high-band signal. The proposed codec allocates different number of bits to each band in an adaptive way according to the property of input signal, which provides better performance than the codec with the fixed bit allocation scheme. In addition, the proposed cosec processes high-band signal using wavelet transform for better performance. The performance of proposed codec is measured in a subjective method. and the simulations with various speech data show that the proposed coders has better performance than G.722 48 kbps SB-ADPCM.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-196
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• 2016

In this paper, we analyze the influence of mathematics teaching-learning for high level math problems of A-type of mathematics section on the College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT). To analyze the influence, we compare and analyze units and field of questions set at examinations based on the rate of wrong answers in A-type mathematics test of the CSAT from 2012 to 2016. Also, we study the recognition of academic high school students and teachers about units and fields on math which need to allow more time to improve grade for A-type of mathematics section on the CSAT. We found following facts. First, high level math problems determining rank of high rank students on the CSAT was taken mostly from the unit related a exponential function and a logarithmic function. Second, these problems need more time for a calculation rather than an ability for students to deepen their understanding of the concept and quality of education. Third, high rank students spend a lot of time to study more important units and fields of mathematics on the CSAT such as a exponential function and a logarithmic function, and teachers spend a lot of time to teach them.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.499-508
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the features of the standards of classification, prediction and reasoning in foreign national science standards and the characteristics of these inquiry processes in the Korean science textbooks. The inquiry process of classification was found less frequently rather than observation and measurement. 'The classification of one character' was much more contained than the higher level of classification, 'the classification of composit character'. For the inquiry process of prediction, most of prediction was 'prediction from experiment result'. In the level of prediction, 'basic prediction' was found more frequently than 'operation prediction'. The inquiry process of reasoning was found more frequently than classification and prediction and was increased in the higher grade textbooks. In the level of reasoning, the higher grade textbooks included 'secondary reasoning' rather than 'simple reasoning'.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to know the experience of emergency nurses on hospital violence and violence's effect on nurses via convergent approach of phenomenological methodology to be known for a good method to study alive human's experience. This study is a qualitative study converged the phenomenological methods and 5 emergency nurses participated in an in-depth interview. From the transcript, 41 significant statements, 17 clusters of theme, 6 categories were extracted. The extracted categories are violence's background, emotional response, physical response, social response, passive coping and active coping. The hospital violence's negative effect on emergency nurses occurred in various sides and the countermeasure is required to prevent violence from hospital setting anymore.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze family variations for growth-related traits of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using all measurement data like shell length, shell width, and total weight as 18-month-old growth traits of 5,334 individuals of selected third generation's Pacific abalone produced in 2011. Family variations of 865 individuals of the upper 10 families with the largest number were inspected. Overall mean in phenotypic traits of 18-month-old Pacific abalone which was investigated in this study showed 54.5 mm of shell length, 36.8 mm of shell width and 21.3 g of total weight respectively. And, variation coefficient of total weight was 51.0%, so variability of data was shown to be higher than 21.1% of shell length and 20.7% of shell width. The family effects showed significant difference by each family (p < 0.05), and heritability of shell length, shell width, and total weight was medium with 0.370, 0.382, and 0.367 respectively. So it is considered that family selection is more advantageous than individual selection. On the basis of breeding values of estimated shell length and total weight, to investigate distribution and ranking by each individual about the upper 10 families with the largest number of individuals, the values were used by being changed into standardized breeding values. Based on shell length, it was investigated that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 152 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 8. In case of total weight, it was inspected that the individual number of the upper 5.4% is 164 and the number of the lower 5.4% is 1. Like these, phenotypic and genetic diverse variations between families could be checked. By estimating genetic parameters and breeding values of a population for production of the next generation, if they are used properly in selection and mating, it is considered that more breeding effects can be expected.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.6-13
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 인간언어공학에서의 활용을 위해 세종전자사전의 의미부류와 KorLexNoun 1.5의 상위노드 간의 사상을 목표로 전문가의 수작업에 의한 세밀한 사상 방법론(fine-grained mapping method)을 제안한다. 또한 이질적인 두 이종 자원 간의 사상에 있어 각 의미체계의 이질성으로 인해 발생하는 여러 가지 문제점을 살펴보고, 그 해결방안을 제안한다. 본 연구는 세종의미부류체계가 밝히고자 했던 한국어의 의미구조와, Prinston WordNet을 참조로 하여 KorLexNoun에 여전히 영향을 미치고 있는 영어 의미구조를 비교함으로써 공통점과 차이점을 파악할 수 있고, 이를 바탕으로 언어 독립적인 개념체계를 구축하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 또한 향후 KorLex의 용언에 기술되어 있는 문형정보와 세종 전자사전의 용언의 격틀 정보를 통합 구축하여 구문분석에서 이용할 때, 세종 의미부류와 KorLexNoun의 상위노드를 통합 구축함으로써 논항의 일반화된 선택제약규칙의 기술에서 이용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안된 사상방법론은 향후 이종 자원의 자동 사상 연구에서도 크게 기여할 것이다. 아울러 두 이종 자원의 사상을 통해 두 의미체계가 지닌 장점을 극대화하고, 동시에 단점을 상호 보완하여 보다 완전한 언어자원으로써 구문분석이나 의미분석에서 이용될 수 있다.