• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2015

As radiation therapy is one of three major cancer treatment methods, many cancer patients get radiation therapy. To exposure as much radiation to cancer while normal tissues near tumor get little radiation, medical physicists make a radiotherapy plan treatment and perform quality assurance before patient treatment. Despite these efforts, unintended medical accidents can occur by some errors. In order to solve the problem, patient internal dose reconstruction methods by measuring transit dose are suggested. As feasibility study for development of patient dose verification system, inverse square law, percentage depth dose and scatter factor are used to calculate dose in the water-equivalent homogeneous phantom. As a calibration results of ionization chamber and glass dosimeter to transit radiation, signals of glass dosimeter are 0.824 times at 6 MV and 0.736 times at 10 MV compared to dose measured by ionization chamber. Average scatter factor is 1.4 and Mayneord F factor was used to apply percentage depth dose data. When we verified the algorithm using the water-equivalent homogeneous phantom, maximum error was 1.65%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

The development of GM crops has gained significant economic importance, and the number of countries cultivating commercial GM crops has continuously increased since the 1960s. Globally, the area given to cultivating GM soybean, maize, cotton, and canola alone had reached 114 million hectares by 2007. Although the economic importance of cultivating and commercializing GM crops has increased, there is still a need to assess their agricultural traits in comparison to non-GM produce. This study evaluated the agricultural traits of GM rice containing the drought-tolerant gene CaMsrB2 and standard rice to investigate any unintended effects of genetic engineering. The GM and non-GM rice were compared in terms of various agricultural traits in a drought greenhouse and an irrigated paddy field. There was no statistical difference in the field-grown crops, but there was a statistically significant difference in both tiller number and yield in the greenhouse. These results therefore suggest that GM rice lines containing the CaMsrB2 gene are superior in performance to non-GM rice in drought stress conditions and could be grown in drought-prone areas where drought intolerant rice may not be able to grow.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2018

This study analyzed the causal relationship between cooperation elements and the performance of joint R&D and verified the mediating effect of collaborative efforts. Cooperation elements consist of strategic agreement, complementation of resources, trust and absorption capacity, and influence the intention to participate in the joint R&D. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the cooperation elements and collaborative efforts on the short-term and long-term performance of the joint R&D. The results are summarized as follows: First, it is verified that strategic agreement, complementation of resources, trust and absorption capacity constitute the second order factor of cooperation elements, which positively affects the joint R&D performance. Second, it is verified that collaborative effort play a role as a mediating factor in the relationship between joint R&D performance and cooperation elements. Specifically, it was confirmed that positive effects on short-term performance of the joint R&D can be increased through cooperative efforts. However, in the case of long-term performance, the effects of collaborative efforts could not be confirmed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2002

Unlike a study related in language alone, rhetorical study of current time, composed with multi-culture, medias, communication, presents its own field that covers from the form of discourse(persuasive) to another form of discourse(not persuasive). If there was a study of making beautiful sentences for story and finding simple method of speech in Greek and roman period of an ancient time, it now a study in which one finds the essence of literary style or terminology in the expression of sentence. The taller case is especially important, given that the importance of what to express visually is on-going active procedure of this stuffy as itself an activity of communication. When a visual object persuades viewers, the activity of communication derives them to react and to understand the intention of an artist. The matter of how to speak is the matter of how to shape message persuasively. This persuasive method or technique is study of rhetoric. The three aspects (figurative, accentuating, mutating) of rhetorical expression of an illustration, the visual image can give fresh feelings to be in intimate relations with public. These rhetorical expressions also vitalize the story that is expressed on illustration with crisp image. It helps to attain expected effects while discovering essential meaning through the corresponding linguistic interpretation of an image. The study aims at the most effective way to communicate by figuring the most strong and direct illustrative message out. One of the method is to patternize illustrative expressions that are established from all kinds of shapes of Rhetoric. Therefore ,an operation of significance and an implication can shape an ultimate goal of this study from acknowledging the mechanism that modern illustration embraces.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.344-355
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• 2014

The 2009 revised curriculum emphasizes science writing as a way to foster scientific thinking, creative thinking and communicative abilities. This research attempted to find out the aspects of science writing in science textbooks by analyzing seven versions of the 2009 revised science textbooks. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, it was found that the proportion of science writing pages is small and the amount of science writing differs a lot depending on the kind of textbook. Also, science writing is generally located in the wrap-up part of each unit, and the amount and the number of science writing vary substantially from unit to unit depending on the textbook. Second, it was found that 'scientific knowledge-explanation' statements have the largest proportion and 'STS-assertion' statements have the second largest proportion in terms of topics and styles of science writing in science textbooks. Some 'scientific knowledge-explanation' statements are not appropriate to foster scientific ability because they evaluate reading comprehension of the suggested passage as nonliterary writing, not the writing itself as a method to learn science. Third, it was found that there are many predicates that do not indicate a clear purpose of the science writing contained in science textbooks.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.485-500
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate how elementary mathematics teachers use and implement a reform-oriented mathematics curriculum material, Everyday Mathematics, and to examine what features the curriculum material has. Eight elementary mathematics teachers in the United States participated in the study. Data sources consist of teacher classroom observation write-ups, interviews, and the curriculum material. The results from the analysis of the curriculum material suggest that 80 percent of the tasks are at the high-level in terms of cognitive demand and 26 percent of tasks are identified as transparent. The results also show that the teachers appeared to adapt the curriculum material and partially take suggestions or activities out of the curriculum material in enacting them in their mathematics classrooms. The analysis of enacted tasks suggests that the levels of cognitive demand were shifted from high-level to low-level; 27 percent of the high-level tasks in the curriculum material were maintained at the high-level as enacted in the mathematics classrooms. The level of cognitive demand shifted in many cases; shifts from high-level to low-level occurred. This contributes to the curriculum material not being transparent to teachers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.31-62
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• 2016

This study is about the phenomenological study of bodyguards' ethical dilemmas. Through this study, the meaning and essence of bodyguards' ethical dilemmas will be analyzed based on empirical facts. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information of the prevention and solutions for their ethical dilemmas and to understand and research the process and the essentials of them. To achieve this goal of the study, seven bodyguards who experienced ethical dilemmas working more than five years are selected as objects of the study. Colaizzi's six stage method are applied into this study so information gathered through interviews and questionnaire from 0ctober 1st, 2015 to November 20th, 2015 is analyzed. From the process of this research, these following conclusions are drawn considering validity of this study and ethical things. As a result, bodyguards' ethical dilemmas are divided into six centric meanings and 20 thematic statement. First, the centric meaning is conflict factors and the themes are discordance of pre-practice, regulatory or procedure problems, communication about sturcture and job and service disagreement. Second, the centric meaning is limited professional roles and the themes are institutional custom, decision making, priorities. Third, the centric meaning is difficulties of circumstantial judgement at work places and the themes are ambiguity of decision, conflict of knowledge, experience and opinion. Forth, the centric meaning is reasonable self-defense and the themes are lack of responsibility, rationalization, intentional negligence and sense of shame. Fifth, the centric meaning is difficulties of social network and the themes are the relationships between subordinates and superiors, the role of a moderator, uncooperative work and unpleasant sayings and doings. Sixth, the centric meaning is keeping secrets and the themes are burried for and illegal practice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.551-561
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• 2009

FH system is very robust to the jamming interference. OFDM system is very good for the high speed communication system. But, it has high PAPR. SC-FDMA system based on OFT-spread OFDM was proposed to reduce high PAPR. Therefore, in this paper, we like to introduce the FH system into SC-FDMA system, which can be best solution to the jamming hostile environment and for the high power efficiency. Also, OFDM is very sensitive to ICI. Especially, ICI generated by frequency offset and phase noise breaks the orthogonality among sub-carriers, which seriously degrades the system performance. We analyze the performance of the FH SC-FDMA system in the PBJ and MTJ channel. In this paper, the ICI effects caused by phase noise, frequency offset and Doppler effects are analyzed and we like to propose the PNFS algorithm in the equalizer to compensate the ICI influences. Through the computer simulations, we can confirm the performance improvement.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

This study aims to clear the relation between perceived risk and user's attitude and behavior toward a food service event. To accomplish this, theoretical reviews and empirical analysis were jointly carried out. For the empirical analysis, a survey was conducted from April 3 to April 6, and total 291 copies of the questionnaire were used for the statistical analysis, SPSS 15.0 and LISREL 8.30. The results of the test of the hypotheses can be summarized as follows: First, the analysis shows that there is significant difference between the perceived risk and attitude of a food service event user. The perceived risk of food service event users causes effect that is contradictory in attitude. As users' perceived risk is less, attitude improved. Second, the analysis of the relationship between user's attitude and behavior intention showed that user's attitude affected behavior intention. Therefore, under these circumstances, there should be more concern in solving perceived risk among food service event users and a special program for promoting satisfaction with an event. And food service event director should make more efforts in nutritive value, organic food, time saving, etc.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.47-68
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• 2010

In this study, a unit of regional tourism as a cluster of innovative strategies that can be an assumption that the activation of tourism clusters building on local festivals and participated to review the empirical aims. The purpose of this study was to achieve literature and empirical research were given recognition for the cultural festival in Chungnam, Chungcheong-do you want to go to the local cultural festival linked to the tourist attractions, the cluster characteristics, participation motives, the festival satisfaction, revisit the decision, recommendation of the The analysis was carried out degrees. To this end, local cultural festivals and attractions, Chungnam 150 spectators in the survey was conducted, the statistical analysis using SAS 9 statistical package program was analyzed. Used for statistical analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis. Festival of the cluster attribute satisfaction and revisit four on the most direct impact on the competitive conditions were not. Festival in regard to motivation and satisfaction with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation in returning to the doctor more were affected. The condition is the element intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation is a race condition was the biggest influence. Therefore, the element condition Satisfaction Festival, a race condition in four to revisit the biggest indirect impact can be seen.