• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

This paper proposes a novel adaptive header-based power gating structure to compensate for the performance loss and the increased wake-up time of the power gating structures induced by the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect. The proposed structure consists of variable width footers based on the two-pass power gating and a new NBTI sensing circuit for an adaptive control. The simulation results of the proposed structure are compared to those of power gating without the adaptive control and show that both the circuit-delay and wake-up time dependence of the power gating structure on the NBTI stress is minimized with only 3% and 4% increase, respectively while keeping small leakage power and rush-current. In this paper, a 45 nm CMOS technology and predictive NBTI model have been used to implement the proposed circuits.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the convergent interaction effects of work environment on the relation between patients related stress and nurse's burnout. Data were collected with a convenience sample of 168 nurses at hospital in Seoul, Korea from 1 July to 15 July 2014. The structured questionnaires measured patients related stress, work environment, and burnout. In the results, patients related stress enhanced burnout. The analysis of moderating effect of work environments to relation between patients related stress to burnout showed that high control, rewards, fairness, and value and low overload reduced the influence of patients related stress to burnout. And community had main effect to burnout. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop nurse's work environment improvement strategies for relieving burnout.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.435-439
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• 2009

The reason of lowering the dielectric constant of SiOC film was studied using parameters obtained from C-V measurement and refractive index. SiOC film was formed by the force of ionic bonding during the recombination of dissociated gases. Generally, the dielectric constant was obtained from the square of the refractive index or C-V measurement using the metal/insulator/Si structure. The dielectric constant consists of the ionic and electronic elements. It was researched about the dielectric constant of SiOC film using the average of the ionic and electronic elements. The dielectric constant decreased after annealing process. As deposited films trended toward the dielectric constant consisted of most ionic elements, on the other hand, annealed films mostly consisted of electronic elements. Because the effect of ionic elements reduced after annealing. Consequently, it was found that the electronic effect of SiOC film increased and the ionic effect of SiOC film decreased by the after-annealing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.424-432
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• 2018

Job-wage is "a compensation system in which the basic pay is determined by the value of the task regardless of the nature of the person performing the task." The retirement age of workers in 2016 is trying to improve the wage system due to the enactment of the 60-year-old law. The performance salary system introduced in the previous administration try to switch the government of Moon Jae-in. In other words, the introduction of performance salary from the Seniority based Wage and the shift to the job payment system are taking place. This study analyzed case agencies in connection with the transition of job wage to public agencies. In other words, based on the awareness of the employees involved to the contents of the transition of the performance annual salary system to the job wage system analyze empirically. This study finds that there was strong negative perception of the performance-based pay system as a whole and the shift to a job wage system was also highly opposing. It was revealed that efforts to improve the problem are needed to improve performance annual salary system, to reverse the negative perception of job wage, to prepare fair evaluation criteria for performance and job duty and to persuade employees who oppose job change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 1999

This paper describes the design of a 4-Mbps wireless infrared data transceiver chip. The receiver consits of the analog front-end, clock recovery and frame generator, and demodulator. The transmitter consists of the demodulator and LED driver. The versatile analog front- end consisting of multiple amplifiers makes it possible for the chip to be applied to various infrared environments by compensating DC and offset signal components. A 4PPM (pulse position modulation) scheme is used for data transfer in order to meet the IrDA standards. The chip was fabricated in a $0.8-{\mu}m$ 2-poly, 2-metal CMOS technology and dissipates 122mW for ${\pm}2.5V$ supply.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

This paper proposes 3.3V input and 1.8V output voltage mode step-down DC-DC buck converter for wireless mobile system which is designed in a standard 0.35$\mu$m CMOS process. The proposed capacitor multiplier method can minimize error amplifier compensation block size by 30%. It allows the compensation block of DC-DC converter be easily integrated on a chip. Also, we improve efficiency to 3% using low power buffer. Measurement result shows that the circuit has less than 1.17% output ripple voltage and maximum 83.9% power efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.11B
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• pp.1667-1675
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• 2010

This paper presents a high efficiency DC-DC buck converter for mobile device. The circuit employes simplified compensation circuit for its portability and for high efficiency at stand-by mode. This device operates at PFM mode when it enters stand-by mode(light load). In order to place the compensation circuit on chip, the capacitor multiplier method is employed, such that it can minimize the compensation block size of the error amplifier down to 30%. The measurement results show that the buck converter provides a peak efficiency of 93% on PWM mode, and 92.3% on PFM mode. The converter has been fabricated with a $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The input voltage of the buck converter ranges from 2.5V to 3.3V and it generates the output of 3.3V.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.657-682
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• 2004

The method of finding the laws in the common law countries is significantly different from that in French civil code countries. The former usually derives the laws from the previous court decisions and applies the derived rules to the current case, called inductive, while the latter prescribes the laws beforehand and then applies the prescribed rule to the current case, called deductive. Such dichotomy in comparative legal research seems to be most recognizable and common. Accordingly, the mainstream of comparative legal research would come from comparison of common laws with civil codes. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2016

This paper presents a V-band two-stage power amplifier integrated circuit using TSMC 65 nm CMOS process. The simple input, output, and inter-stage matching networks based on passive components are integrated. By compensating for power gain characteristics using a pre-distortion technique, the linearity of the power amplifier was improved. The implemented two-stage power amplifier showed a power gain of 10.4 dB, a saturated output power of 9.7 dBm, and an efficiency of 20.8 % with a supply voltage of 1 V at the frequency band of 58.8 GHz.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-178
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• 2012

The initial purpose of Affirmative Action(AA) in the U. S. was to increase access to, and ensure the equitable distribution of, opportunities for racial minority groups in order to redress past discrimination. Over the last several decades, support for AA has grown and waned as structural, political and social currents have shifted. Most recently, AA in university admissions policy was once again tested as The University of Texas at Austin successfully defended its use of AA in admissions and now faces Supreme Court review concerning the lawsuit. Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the evolution of AA in university admissions reflected on major legal cases for and against it. AA is analyzed from the integrative approach based on the historical institutionalism. l.e., influenced by structure, political dynamics, institutions and critical actors.