• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.310-321
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• 2022

This study aimed to find out how creative education programs using AR/VR affect student's creative problem-solving skills and class satisfaction. For this purpose, a total of 179 students in 7 classes of the first grade of J High school located in the chungbuk region were the subjects of this study. The data were analyzed by performing two-dependent samples (t-test) based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of creative problem-solving ability test, and the value of class satisfaction was analyzed and interpret using descriptive statistics and interview. The results of this study are as follows. First, except for 'execution', 'problem discovery and analysis', 'idea generation', 'execution plan', 'conviction and communication', and 'innovation tendency' showed statistically significant results. Second, in terms of class satisfaction of the creative education program, it was an average of 3.75 and it was difficult for learners to derive creative ideas, outputs, and results through groups within a given time in regular class, but generally showed a positive response. Therefore, it was confirmed that the creative education program using AR/VR increased student's learning motivation and interest in the process of generation or expanding ideas to solve problems like educational effect of STEAM.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

Background and Objectives: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population and is considered to be a disorder of hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in insomnia patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with results from normal healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with primary insomnia (35 males and 45 females, average age $49.71{\pm}12.91years$) and 101 normal healthy controls (64 males and 37 females, average age $27.65{\pm}2.77$) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), skin temperature (ST), and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded using a biofeedback system during 5 phases (baseline, stress 1, recovery 1, stress 2, recovery 2) of a stress reactivity test, and average values were calculated. Difference in values between the two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change in values across phases of the stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). Results: Compared to normal controls, insomnia patients had higher EMG in all 5 phases (baseline : $7.72{\pm}3.88{\mu}V$ vs. $4.89{\pm}1.73{\mu}V$, t = -6.06, p<0.001 ; stress 1 : $10.29{\pm}5.16{\mu}V$ vs. $6.63{\pm}2.48{\mu}V$, t = -5.84, p<0.001 ; recovery 1 : $7.87{\pm}3.86{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}2.17{\mu}V$, t = -5.61, p<0.001 ; stress 2 : $10.22{\pm}6.07{\mu}V$ vs. $6.98{\pm}2.98{\mu}V$, t = -4.37, p<0.001 ; recovery 2 : $7.88{\pm}4.25{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}1.99{\mu}V$, t = -5.27, p<0.001). Change in heart rate across phases of the stress reactivity test were higher in normal controls than in insomnia patients (stress 1-baseline : $6.48{\pm}0.59$ vs. $3.77{\pm}0.59$, t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; recovery 1- stress 1 : $-5.36{\pm}0.0.59$ vs. $-3.16{\pm}0.47$, t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; stress 2-recovery 1 : $8.45{\pm}0.61$ vs. $4.03{\pm}0.47$, t = 5.72, p<0.001 ; recovery 2-stress 2 : $-8.56{\pm}0.65$ vs. $4.02{\pm}0.51$, t = -5.31, p<0.001). Conclusion: Psychophysiological profiles of insomnia patients in a stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is more highly activated in insomnia patients.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2023

In this study, we examined the effect of socioscientific issue (SSI) based science lessons on underachieving 9th-grade students. A total of seven lessons centered on two SSIs related to the national science curriculum were developed and implemented during the first semester of 2021. Data were collected from 185 9th-grade students in one middle school in a mid-sized city of South Korea. Among them, 37 were identified as achieving far below the standards (underachieving students hereafter). Quantitative data were collected from pre- and post-tests on basic science content and attitudes and competency measures. To supplement quantitative data, lesson observation notes were recorded, and student interviews with a selected number of students were conducted. The analysis of quantitative data was conducted through the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and paired t-tests. Qualitative data were analyzed to find reasons for changing attitudes. The findings showed that the SSI-based lessons were more effective on underachieving students than the others in enhancing basic academic achievement, while there was no significant effect on all in attitudes and competency. Lesson observation data showed that underachieving students were more engaged in SSI-based lessons than before. Student interviews demonstrated several reasons why they were engaged, suggesting the aspects of SSI-based lessons that facilitated underachieving students' learning. Further research topics are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.226-234
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the application of storytelling on pre-service teachers of elementary school who take courses in 'earth's strata and rock' on science teaching concept and science teaching efficacy. The experiment was aimed at one class (32 students) enrolled in the 'earth's strata and rock' course at intensive course through 15 weeks from March to June. The experiment was taking lectures of "earth's strata and rock" for one semester, and the pre-service teachers of elementary school finished class demonstration with storytelling technique by group. The results and analysis of the study were analyzed by the corresponding sample test in before and after the group test. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, the application of storytelling method on pre-service teachers of elementary school was effective in science concept. teaching efficacy. Second, the application of storytelling method on pre-service teachers of elementary school was effective in science teaching efficacy. Third, the application of storytelling method on pre-service teachers of elementary school responded positively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to conduct a course entitled 'Teaching practice' applying Problem Based Learning(hereafter PBL) for perspective Home Economics teachers to explore the applicability of PBL to the course. A course entitled 'Teaching practice' was carried out for 17 undergraduate students from the 2nd of March till 11th of June in 2014. Pre- and post-tests to measure teacher disposition were performed to investigate the effectiveness of the course applying PBL. Three questions for PBL were developed, were determined after obtaining verification of the questions from 5 experts, and were used for the course entitled 'Teaching practice'; Developing teaching-learning plan, establishing plan for homeroom class management, and designing assessment of Technology & Home Economics. The processes of PBL include defining the problem, planning problem solutions, reassessing the problem, identifying possible solutions, and performance presentation. Procedures for solving one problem of PBL took 4 weeks and teacher disposition assessment for effectiveness of PBL was carried out for pre- and post tests. The reflection journal showed that even though it was their first experience of PBL, instructor's feedback, group activities, and individual activities were helpful for solving the problems of PBL. The result of dependent t-test for paired samples revealed significant differences between the pre- and post tests, which means that there was effectiveness of the course applying to PBL on teacher disposition of prospective Home Economics teachers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.606-614
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effect of forest therapy program on reduction of stress of teachers and their positive and negative emotions based on the survey of 221 teachers who participated in the overnight Happiness School Edu-healing Camp held for teachers by the National Center for Forest Healing. For data analysis, a paired sample t-test was conducted using the SPSS 24.0 program to examine the difference in the stress reaction index of teachers and their positive and negative emotions before and after their participation in the forest therapy program. The results indicated that teachers who participated in the program showed a significant decrease in the stress response index and the values of sub-domain such as physical symptoms, depression symptoms, and anger symptoms. Moreover, all teachers exhibited a significant decrease in stress. This result verifies that the forest therapy program is effective in reducing the stress of teachers and their negative emotions. These results are expected to be used to promote more active forest therapy programs for teachers exposed to a high level of stress.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2017

This research analyzed the effect of a basic environmental facility siting on the difference in land prices using a case study of Jisan sewage disposal plant in Daegu metropolitan city. To do so, two buffer zones were generated around Jisan sewage disposal plant to 400m at an interval of 200m as a setback distance and 822 officially announced individual land prices were acquired from Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MOLIT). Paired samples t-test was performed to compare the mean difference in land prices before and after Jisan sewage disposal plant siting. Results show that the mean land price from each buffer zone was slightly increased after the siting and the difference was statistically significant. Also, the results indicate that the mean land price within 200m was lower than that between 200m and 400m before the siting while there was not different in the mean land price for both buffer zones after the siting. Because Jisan sewage disposal plant did not have a stench and a larger capacity and its surrounding areas were blended by commercial and residential uses, a sewage disposal plant siting had little effect on the fall in land prices unlike previous studies. The findings from this research will provide new reference data for local government and local people with conflicting views on the siting of a basic environmental facility.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2017

Due to the influence of the fourth industrial revolution in recent years, maker education is getting attention. Therefore, this study tried to propose the possibility of application (app) development education as maker education by empirically verifying the affective and cognitive effects of app development education using authoring tool. To do this, we implemented app development education in D high school in Seoul, Korea, and collected data from 41 participants. We analyzed the changes in attitudes toward SW education and creative problem-solving ability before and after the education by conducting the paired t-test, and the level of satisfaction and perceived achievement through descriptive statistics analysis. Also, the learner's responses collected through the open-ended questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that the attitude toward SW education and creative problem-solving ability showed statistically significant improvement after app development education using the authoring tool, and the learner's statement also supported this result. Also, satisfaction and perceived achievement after the education were relatively high. Through these results, we have empirically confirmed the effect of app development education using the authoring tool for high school students, and derived the theoretical and practical implications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate validity, reliability and reproducibility of tooth width (TW), arch length (AL) and arch length discrepancy (ALD) measured on a digital model taken via 3-dimensional model scanner and intraoral scanner compared to a plaster model. A total of 30 patients aged 12 to 18 were eligible for the study. 3 types of models were acquired from each patient: a conventional plaster model (P), a model scanned digital model (MSD) taken via Freedom UHD^® and an intraoral scanned digital model (ISD) taken via CS3600^® in-vivo. The reliability of TW and AL in each group was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient, while the reproducibility was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient. The validity of space analysis was assessed by paired t-test. As a result, all measurements of P, MSD and ISD groups showed favorable reliability and reproducibility. Most of measurements for space analysis in MSD group and TW in ISD group also presented high validity. AL and ALD presented statistically significant difference between P and ISD group. The validity of measurements of space analysis in ISD group was short in doubt to valid, but clinically acceptable. Both MSD and ISD are clinically acceptable to use for space analysis but clinician should be aware that errors can be found using a digital model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.661-671
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the difference between the importance perceived by pre-school teachers and their actual performance in regards to the 7 Guidelines of Safety Education set out by the Ministry of Education, and through the analysis, to identify the items that need priority support and those that need long-term improvement efforts for exemplary safety education for young children. For this, mean average and standard deviation were calculated and paired sample t-test conducted, and IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) matrix method was performed to analyze the priority and long-term support items and improvement needs. The study results show differences in all areas and all items in the 7 Guidelines of Safety Education by the MoE in the pre-school teachers' perceived importance and actual performance. Areas and items that are identified to be in need of priority support for exemplary safety education in pre-schools; 2 items under 'Violence and Personal Safety' area and I item under 'Substance and Internet Addictions' area. Areas and items that are identified to be in need of long-term improvement efforts are; 6 items under 'First Aid and Emergency Treatment' area, 1 item under 'Violence and Personal Safety' area, 3 items under 'Workplace Safety Culture' area, 3 items under 'Substance and Internet Addictions' area and 1 item under 'Disaster and Safety' area.