• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.75-99
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• 2020

What means the Waldorf school based on integrative imagination to our educational reality in our days? This is the key question in this article. This article seeks to the fundamental meaning of the Waldrof school to know our educational problems. For this purpose this article explore understanding on the theosophy of Rudolf Steiner in the insufficient research until now. The theosophy of Rudolf Steiner in this article is investigated with the understanding of Triune God, human, and educational arts. The understanding of triune God is identified as the critiques to the view point of materialism, the meaning of logos in the scripture of John, the Christ as the foundation of all creatures. The understanding of human being is distinguished as the nature of body, soul, and spirit in the theosophy. Especially the nature of spirit is to see the invisible in the visible things through the eyes of mind that means esoteric spirituality not unrealistic spirituality of monasticism but integrative spirituality of overcoming the dualism between spirit and material. The educational characteristics for the integrative spirituality and imagination is called as the educational arts by Rudolf Steiner. The educational arts includes contents of the soul life, the education of freedom with individuality, and integrative education. The educational arts intends to the wholistic education with harmonious interaction of intellect, feeling, and willing to equip the individual human being in the spirit. And the educational arts educates with the harmony of story, play, art, and integrative curriculum of subject contents. The educational arts is to intend for reformation in christian education including church school and alternative school, etc. The Waldorf school needs to emphasizing the christian spirituality in the educational arts.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study tried to present the performed average and range through systematic review about assessment tools that measures the praxis ability of sensory integrative function for foreign and domestic normal children. Methods: With making use of Medline, PubMed, Ovid, Eric, the Library of Congress, National Science and Technology Information Center, Kiss, RISS, and the Google search engine, we searched the name of assessment tool on the basis of the framework of the theory of sensory integration. Target paper was thesis and Journal published from January 2000 to April 2011. Results: Total of 24 papers were retrieved, used assessment tools were Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Short Form (BOTMP-SF), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, Short Form (BOT-2-SF), Clinical Observations of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS), Motor Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction with Balance (CTSIB), and subtest of Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT). We presented the average and range of assessment tools applied to normal children in each country. Conclusion: A performed result in other cultural and domestic normal children which this study presented will provide a standard in comparison with performance of children with disabilities who are the actual clinical evaluation.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

This study analyzed the service philosophy of Eastern mainstream thought in order to establish a service philosophy. Following a prior study the "study of the service philosophy of major korean ideology", we explored the service philosophy of the Eastern mainstream ideology of China and India and it's coherence. The existing basic structure and operational model of service philosophy were presented in depth and the service philosophy of Oriental mainstream thought was derived. The philosophy of service can be presented as an idea of the structure of the service and as an idea of the operation of the service. It suggested compatibility of the service philosophy of Asian mainstream ideas, and analyzed them mainly in China and India. Indian ideas revolved around the ancient philosophy of Veda, Upanishads philosophy, and representative Buddhist philosophy. It also showed that a major trend of mainstream ideas in China and India was found to be compatible with the service philosophy. Follow-up studies are needed to further refine the structure of service philosophy and develop the principles of operation into larger ideas in the future, and a study of conformity of service philosophy in representative Western ideas, focusing on Greek, Roman, and German philosophy, is also required. Ultimately, it is necessary to establish a service philosophy as an ideological base that drives future economic and social development.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2016

This study mainly focused on isolation of marine algicidal bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms and characterization of algicidal activity against harmful algae. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) found naturally in surface waters have caused many environmental problems worldwide. In this study, forty bacterial strains that have capability of inhibiting harmful algal growth were isolated from Masan Bay, Jinhae Bay, Dol Island, Jangmok Bay, and the Tongyeong Sea, Republic of Korea. The bacteria were screened furthermore for the characteristics on algicidal activities against Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chattonella marina, Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Heterocapsa triquetra, Prorocentrum minimum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. As a result, the algicidal bacteria that were screened from double over layer agar and microscopic counts tests belonged to genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Ruegeria, Joostella, Marinomonas, Stakelama, Porphyrobacter, and Albirhodobacter. One of the most important HAB species is Co. polykrikoides and the strongest algicidal activity against the dinoflagellate was 94.00% after 6 h treatment with 10% bacterial culture filtrate. In this study, Marinomonas sp. M Jin 1-8, Stakelama sp. ZB Yeonmyeong 1-11 & 1-13, Porphyrobacter sp. M Yeonmyeong 2-22, and Albirhodobacter sp. 6-R Jin 6-1 were found to be as new genera of bacteria having anti-algal activity. These results suggest that these bacteria might play an important role in controlling phytoplankton blooms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.775-784
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• 2000

Nitrate dry deposition fluxes were directly measured using knife-leading-edge surrogate surface (KSS) covered with greased strips and a water surface sampler (WSS). The average gaseous flux ($8.3mg/m^2/day$) was much higher than the average particulate one ($3.0mg/m^2/day$). The best fit gas phase mass transfer coefficient (MTC) of $HNO_3$ was obtained by linear regression analysis between measured gaseous flux containing nitrogen compounds and measured ambient $HNO_3$ concentration. The result showed that the MTCs of $HNO_3$ were approximately two times higher than those of $SO_2$. Especially, during the ozone action day, measured gaseous fluxes containing nitrogen compounds were much higher than those ones calculated as the product of measured ambient $HNO_3$ concentration and gas phase MTC of $HNO_3$, which is calculated from MTC of $SO_2$ using Graham's diffusion law. This result indicated that other nitrogen compounds except $HNO_3$ contributed to gaseous flux containing nitrogen compounds into the water surface sampler. The theoretical calculations suggest the contributions of nitrous acid ($HNO_2$) and PAN to the gaseous dry deposition flux of nitrogen containing compounds to the WSS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

The following summarizes the findings from an analysis of literature and 21 versions of the Bible published in Korea, China, and Japan to discuss the name of Myrtus communis. Myrtus communis was an important tree symbolizing love and resurrection since the Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Judas, Greece, Ancient Rome, and Medieval Spain. In the Bible, Myrtus ($h{\acute{a}}das$) was used to make the booths at the Feast of Tabernacles or for various ceremonies. Myrtus symbolized the people of Israel and also symbolized peace, appreciation, indestructibility, and resurrection. In the Bible of Korea, China, and Japan, Myrtus was translated into various names by time, such as '崗拈樹', '千里香', '鳥拈', '番石榴', 桃金孃, Gamtangnamu, Seoglyunamu, Hwaseoglyu, Sogwinamu. 'Myrtle' was translated into '桃金孃' based on Japan's "熟語本位 英和中?典(1915)" and it seems that the mistake was directly excerpted by the English-Korean Dictionary(1949) after the Liberation. According to the theory of 'Dynamic Equivalence' in translation, it would be best to use 'Myrtus' was the official name of Myrtus communis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2002

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards in Downs analysis and to compare them with other races. The lateral cephalograms of 88 Korean children (47 boys, 41 girls) with normal occlusion and acceptable profile between 7 and 11 years of age were taken and Downs analysis was done. Results were as follows: 1. Norms of Korean boys, girls and both sexes at 7, 9, 11 years of age by Downs analysis were established. 2. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls about ten measurements in each group, but significant differences in the occlusal plane angle, lower 1 to occlusal plane angle, interincisal angle, upper 1 to APog plane among 3 groups(p<0.05)(p<0.01). 3. Facial angle, AB plane angle, Y-axis, lower 1 to occlusal plane angle and lower 1 to mandibular plane angle showed increasing tendency whereas angle of convexity, mandibular plane angle, occlusal plane angle and interincisal angle did decreasing tendency according to aging. 4. In comparison among races, measurements in Korean children were generally larger than those of Caucasian and Greek except for small interincisal angle, but Korean were similar to Japanese, Chinese, Israeli, Negro about all measurements.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

This study analyzed Korean representative ideology to establish a service philosophy. As a follow - up study of the service philosophy consistency study of the Korean original idea, we searched for the coherence as the philosophy of the service age in the Korean representative ideology. The basic structure and operation model of service philosophy are presented, and the service philosophy of major korean ideology is derived. The philosophy of service can be presented by the structure of service and the operation of service. The essential characteristics of the service are relationship, interactivity, horizontality, and harmony, and the service structure that reflects this is the coexistence of products and services. Based on the discussion on the structure and operation of the service philosophy, the service philosophy synthesis of Korean representative ideology is presented. From the Silla era to the Koryo dynasty, the essence of Korean Buddhism thought is in line with the service philosophy, and it was found that Toegye and Yulgok to Dasan's thoughts are also consistent with service philosophy. In the future, we need further studies to refine the structure and operational principles of the service philosophy and to develop it into a big idea. In addition, it is necessary to follow up the service philosophy of Oriental representative ideology centering on Chinese and Indian philosophy. Ultimately, it is necessary to establish a service philosophy as the main philosophical thought and to establish a service philosophy as a desirable future economic and social philosophy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.313-346
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• 2011

The Roman thinker, Cicero said, "The Nations that rule the sea, rule the world". In the world history, the countries done critical roles, have emphasized the importance of the sea. The world history is called as the histories of the countries which governed the sea, such as Phoenicia, Greece, Carthago, Roma, Portugal, Spain, England, and USA. The sea is not only the political, economical, social and cultural basis, serving as the origin of resources and channel of communication, logistics and distribution but also the area of dreams and imaginations and ground of potentiality and visions. This paper reviewed the major countries and their histories to realize the vision of Korea, super power country of maritime and fishery. Main maritime policies and its core issues and prospects of Korea were reviewed. And on the basis of these reviews, the vision of super power country of maritime and fishery was suggested. The vision, the 5th super power country of maritime and fishery in 2020, and 10th country of maritime technology level in 2020 and their details were proposed also. For achieving the vision, the resurrection of MOMAF is necessary and its reasons and 5 necessities were suggested. And the directions of the resurrection of MOMAF were proposed in terms of two viewpoints, policy/functional and institutional basis. I think Korea, the super power country of maritime and fishery, can be realized only when MOMAF may be resurrected.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a miniature imaging gamma probe with high performance that can detect small or residual tumors after surgery. Gamma probe detector system consists of NaI(Tl) scintillator, position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT), and collimator. PSPMT was optically coupled with 6.5 mm thick, 7.62 cm diameter of NaI(Tl) crystal and supplied with -1000V for high voltage. Parallel hexagonal hole collimator was manufactured for characteristics of 40-mm hole length, 1.3-mm hole diameter, and 0.22 mm septal thickness. Electronics consist of position and trigger signal readout systems. Position signals were obtained with summing, subtracting, and dividing circuit using preamplifer and amplifier. Trigger signals were obtained using summing amplifier, constant fraction discriminator, and gate and delay generator module with preamplifer. Data acquisition and processing were performed by Gamma-PF interface board inserted into pentium PC and PIP software. For imaging studies, flood and slit mask images were acquired using a point source. Two hole phantom images were also acquired with collimator. Intrinsic and system spatial resolutions were measured as 3.97 mm and 5.97 mm, respectively. In conclusion, Miniature gamma probe images based on the PSPMT showed good image quality, we conclude that the miniature imaging gamma probe was successfully developed and good image data were obtained. However, further studies will be required to optimize imaging characteristics.