• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.45-72
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• 2005

쌀을 주식으로 하는 우리의 식생활과 일치하고 전통적으로 나누어 함께 먹는 식품으로 자리 잡고 있는 떡을 현대화하기 위해서는 인식의 전환과 상품화 및 유통기간연장을 위한 연구가 이루어 져야한다. 영양학적으로 우수한 전통 떡류가 있지만 현대에 이르러서 생활양식과 식문화 등의 급격한 변화로 일반화 및 다소비 되지 못함은 소비자의 변화에 맞추지 못하기 때문이나 떡에 대한 인식은 매우 긍정적이라고 한다. 떡은 언제 어디서나 먹을 수 있는 간편한 생활 음식이며, 우수한 전통음식이라고 인식시킴으로써 떡에 대한 긍정적인 이미지를 확대해 나갈 필요가 있다. 전통의 맛을 유지하면서 기능성과 영양상의 균형을 갖춘 새로운 맛의 떡으로 소비층을 확대하여야 한다. 유통기간이 짧아 떡집에 자주 가서 구매해야 한다는 인식에 탈피 할 수 있도록 제품개발이 되어야 한다. 떡집은 영세하고, 비위생적이며 포장이 깨끗하지 못하다는 인식이 전환이 되도록 작업환경, 시설 및 제품포장을 현대화 하여야 한다. 새로운 형태의 매장을 운영하는 것도 필요하다. 새로운 형태의 카페 형 또는 베이커리형의 떡집이 선보임으로써 다양한 종류의 떡이 개발되어 편의성과 고급화되면 소비층이 점차 확대되고 있는 점은 떡의 상품화와 관련하여 매우 의미 있는 변화이다. 또한 떡 공장에서 위생적으로 생산, 소규모 포장, 급속 동결, 냉동 유통, 소비자에게 전달되는 냉동제품이 활성화 되어야 한다. 노화억제에 의한 저장성 향상은 상품화 떡의 품질향상이다. 품질과 관련된 인자는 원료 쌀의 품질, 분쇄 정도, 수분함량, 제조공정, 전분분해 효소처리, 당류, 유화제, 콜로이드 물질 등의 첨가제에 의한 연구가 지속되고 있다.학적 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않고 혈중 IGF-I 농도를 증가시켰다. 또한 이들 측정항목에서 Revalor H implant는 제한사양, 저에너지 사료, 혹은 Compudose 이상의 효과를 나타내었고, 증체를 억제하였으나 사료효율은 증진시켰으며, 후자(사양, 사료)와의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 거세비육돈에서 1) androgen과 estrogen은 공히 자발적인 사료섭취와 등지방 침적을 억제하고 IGF-I 분비를 증가시키며, 2) 성선스테로이드호르몬의 이 같은 성장에 미치는 효과의 일부는 IGF-I을 통해 매개될 수도 있을을 시사한다. 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.80-86
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• 2014

A low-noise readout circuit is studied for 2-D capacitive microbolometer focal plane arrays (FPAs). In spite of the merits of the integration method, a simple and effective pixelwise readout circuit without integration is used for input circuit because of a small pixel size and narrow noise bandwidth. To reduce the power consumption and the kT/C noise, which is the dominant noise of the capacitive microbolometer FPAs with small capacitance, a new correlated double sampling (CDS) is used for columnwise circuit. The proposed circuit has been designed using a $0.35-{\mu}m$ 2-poly 4-metal CMOS process for a microbolometer array with a pixel size of $50{\mu}m{\times}50{\mu}m$. The proposed circuit effectively reduces the kT/C noise and the other low-frequency noise of microbolometer, and the noise characteristics of the fabricated chip have been verified by measurements. The rms noise voltage of the proposed circuit is reduced from 30 % to 55 % compared to that of the simple readout input circuit, and the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the proposed circuit is very low value of 21.5 mK.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.16-24
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• 2002

This work describes a 10b 120 MSample/s CMOS pipelined A/D converter(ADC) based on a merged-capacitor switching(MCS) technique for high signal processing speed and high resolution. The proposed ADC adopts a typical multi-step pipelined architecture to optimize sampling rate, resolution, and chip area, and employs a MCS technique which improves sampling rate and resolution reducing the number of unit capacitor used in the multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC). The proposed ADC is designed and implemented in a 0.25 um double-poly five-metal n-well CMOS technology. The measured differential and integral nonlinearities are within ${\pm}$0.40 LSB and ${\pm}$0.48 LSB, respectively. The prototype silicon exhibits the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR) of 58 dB and 53 dB at 100 MSample/s and 120 MSample/s, respectively. The ADC maintains SNDR over 54 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR) over 68 dB for input frequencies up to the Nyquist frequency at 100 MSample/s. The active chip area is 3.6 $mm^2$(＝ 1.8 mm ${\times}$ 2.0 mm) and the chip consumes 208 mW at 120 MSample/s.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one of the energy harvesting methods in spotlight that can convert mechanical energy into electricity. As TENGs produce high electrical output, previous studies have shown TENGs that can power small electronics independently. However, recent studies have reported limitations of TENG due to air breakdown and field emission. In this study, we developed a triboelectric nanogenerator that utilizes the metal-to-metal surface contact to induce ion-enhanced field emission and electron avalanche for electrons to flow directly between two electrodes. The average peak open-circuit voltage of this TENG was measured as 340 V, and average peak closed-circuit current was measured as 10 mA. The electrical output of this TENG has shown different value depending on the surface charge of surface charge generation layer. The TENG developed in this study have produced RMS power of 0.9 mW, which is 2.4 times higher compared to conventional TENGs. The TENG developed in this study can be utilized in charging batteries and capacitors to power portable electronics and sensors independently.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2009

Metabolic fingerprinting of microbial communities was investigated with Biolog GN2 plates using samples of biofilm and aeration tanks from an RABC (rotating activated Bacillus contactor) system - an advanced wastewater treatment system for the food wastewater of pig slaughterhouses. Aerobic and anaerobic results revealed the following four aspects. First, simple matching and pairs t-test of daily variation showed more defined qualitative and quantitative relatedness of active microbial communities than that of mere optical densities. Second, metabolic potentials were higher in biofilm than in aeration tanks (p<0.01), meaning higher activity of biofilm. Third, two aeration tanks showed the highest similarity (78%) and similar metabolic power (p=0.287). However, actively used carbon sources were different among samples, signifying change of active communities at each wastewater treatment step. Finally, aerobic and anaerobic metabolic fingerprinting patterns were different for the same samples representing activities of microaerophilic and/or anaerobic communities. These results suggest that daily variation and anaerobic incubation would help in the comparison of metabolic fingerprintings.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2015

In this study, the current-voltage curves for the SCM440 steel by the addition of an organic corrosion inhibitor triethanolamine(TEA) was measured using the conventional three electrodes of cyclic voltammetry. As a result, the C-V characteristics of SCM440 steel were to be for an irreversible process due to the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammetry. Diffusion coefficient according to the twice increasing the concentration of TEA in the corrosion inhibitor from $2.5{\times}10^{-4}M$ to $5.0{\times}10^{-4}M$, the diffusion coefficient was found to be a good corrosion-inhibiting effect is reduced by 1.5 times, so for each $2.561{\times}10^{-6}cm^2s^{-1}$ to $1.707{\times}10^{-6}cm^2s^{-1}$. When according to the electrolyte concentration and the effect is to increase the electrolyte concentration to 1.0 N at 0.5 N, the diffusion coefficient is $2.56{\times}10^{-6}cm^2s^{-1}$ to $5.12{\times}10^{-6}cm^2s^{-1}$, each 2 times decrease in the use of the electrolyte of 1.0 N, because this was more appropriate.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2001

Environmental factors such as $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, dust, temperature, and humidity in the animal house are a potential health hazard to humans and animals. Until now, most of measurement methods can only provide periodic results with low accuracy. A data acquisition system which can measure continuously and simultaneously $NH_3,\;H_2S,\;CO_2$, temperature, and humidity was developed and installed in two pig houses. Daily changes of environment for the pig-houses were investigated by the data acquisition system. In order to evaluate NH$_3$sensor, gas samples were obtained and NH$_3$concentrations were measured at nine positions; combinations of three positions(inlet, middle, and outlet) and three heights(0 cm, 40 cm, 150 cm). Ammonia concentration of 14.0 ~37.1 ppm for slurry pig-house is higher than that of 8.4~29.7 ppm for scraper pig-house, and there were no statistical differences among the positions. However, the concentration of $NH_3$at 150 cm was higher than thats of 0 cm and 40 cm.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2008

In this study, we presented rapid and simple fabrication method of functionalized surface on various substrates as a universal platform for the selective immobilization of cells. The functionalized surface was achieved by using deposition of polyelectrolyte such as poly(allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDAC), poly(4-ammonium styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microstructure through micro-molding in capillaries (MIMIC) technique on each glass, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) substrate. The polyelectrolyte multilayer provides adhesion force via strong electrostatic attraction between cell and surface. On the other hand, PEG microstructures also lead to prevent non-specific binding of cells because of physical and biological barrier. The characteristic of each modified surface was examined by using static contact angle measurement. The modified surface onto several substrates provides appropriate environment for cellular adhesion, which is essential technology for cell patterning with high yield and viability in the micropatterning technology. The proposed method is reproducible, convenient and rapid. In addition, the fabrication process is environmentally friendly process due to the no use of harsh solvent. It can be applied to the fabrication of biological sensor, biomolecules patterning, microelectronics devices, screening system, and study of cell-surface interaction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions are effective vehicles to change the permeability of the skin. In this study, we focused on the preparation and characterization of nanoemulsion which serve as colloidal carriers for the dermal application of ceramide IIIB (CIIIB) and stratum corneum (SC) lipids such as cholesterol, and palmitic acid. In order to optimize the nanoemulsions, emulsification process conditions were conducted with regard to droplet size, nanoemulsion stability, and solubility of CIIIB. A decrease in droplet size was observed through emulsification temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ and phase inversion composition (PIC) method. CIIIB has low solubility in oil and water. When the concentration of CIIIB was increased, the droplet size of nanoemulsion was increased. When Lipoid S75-3 was added to the oil phase, the solubility of CIIIB increased, indicating some interactions shown in DSC measurements. CIIIB and SC lipids could be successfully incorporated in nanoemulsions without crystallization or physical instability. In conclusion, a stable nanoemulsion containing the SC lipids could be effective as an efficient moisturizing system for skin.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.5 s.347
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

This work proposes a 14b 100MS/s 0.18um CMOS ADC with optimized resolution, conversion speed, die area, and power dissipation to obtain the performance required in the fourth-generation mobile communication systems. The 3-stage pipeline ADC, whose optimized architecture is analyzed and verified with behavioral model simulations, employs a wide-band low-noise SHA to achieve a 14b level ENOB at the Nyquist input frequency, 3-D fully symmetric layout techniques to minimize capacitor mismatch in two MDACs, and a back-end 6b flash ADC based on open-loop offset sampling and interpolation to obtain 6b accuracy and small chip area at 100MS/s. The prototype ADC implemented in a 0.18um CMOS process shows the measured DNL and INL of maximum 1.03LSB and 5.47LSB, respectively. The ADC demonstrates a maximum SNDR and SFDR of 59dB and 72dB, respectively, and a power consumption of 145mW at 100MS/s and 1.8V. The occupied active die area is $3.4mm^2$.