Dang jonghae had written five books on chinese medicine, ${\ulcorner}$Hyeoljeungron${\lrcorner}$ is his most important work. He wanted to correct the fallacies of the theory of Jang and Bu by comparing with Oriental and Western medicine. He distinguished Bi from Cheomyuk by comparing the spleen with the pancreas. He recognized Stomach as the warehouse of foods, and explained that Bi took charge of digestion actually. Bi charged the function of Transportation and Blood-govering in addition to plain digestion, he wrote. Dang jonghae regarded the metabolism of the human body as the interaction of Gi, Blood, Water and Fire. And he explained that Bi adjusted them. He classified Syndrome of Blood into five sorts of syndrome and presented four kinds of treatment. Especially he took a serious view of the treatment connected with Bi and Stomach. He set up the theory of Bi and Stomach practically on basis of anatomy, but he didn ' t assorted the physiology and pathology of each organ clearly. However he proved the importance of Bi and Stomach by treating Syndrome of Blood and provided with the foundation of merging chinese and western medicine.

In the 18th Century, those who played most important role in international interchange of medical science between Korea and Japan were skillful doctors and doctors of Joseontongsinsa(Correspondents of Joseon called on Japan as a mission). But they have been truly neglected by researchers on history of Korea, even on history of Korean medical science. They were received warm treatment from Japanese. But They were at the most middle-class in social standing in Joseontongsinsa. Though they played important role, they were underpriced and their brilliant achievements were faded out. It is on account of their low social position in Joseon Dynasty, a strict class society. Samsa, Jesulkuan, and Seogi were members of Joseontongsinsa those who were high class in social standing and were good at writing. In general, they were also Confucian doctors in Joseon. In the case of Samsa, there was Seo Myungung who was famous Confucian doctor. And since 'dispatch principle of Jesulkuan' had been prepared, Jesulkuans had paticipated in questions and answers on clinical problems. In a broad sense, We can regard Lihyun, a Jesulkuan in 1711's mission, Shinyuhan, a Jesulkuan in 1719's mission, and Seogies of Samsa as Confucian doctors. Though they were not medical specialist, but we can find them as Confucian doctors through the questions and answers on clinical problems they were participated in.

As epidemics were spread over the whole Pyeongan province at 1524, Jungjong commanded the government officers like Kim Sunmong to publish Sokbyeokonbang, known as Ganuibyeokonbang, to cope with the epidemics. They regarded the cause of epidemics as abnormal climate, pathogen or grudge, and named the disease on the basis of cause. To prevent epidemics they presented three kinds of method. They used a charm to calm the people, used Sohaphyangwon to keep from getting infected with them and emphasized the importance of individaul sanitation. They proposed compound herb remedies like Sipsintang, Hyangsosan, Seungmagalgeuntang and so forth according to the symptoms. They presented lots of single herbs used for food or easily seeking herbs to lighten the people's expense, in addition.

As the cholera was spread over the Joseon dynasty at 1821, Hwang Doyeon investigated the symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramp and so on, and he presented the cause of cholera as the damage of Primordial-gi caused by abnormal climate and Damp-heat made by taking inadequate foods. He regarded as of great importance the ordinary health condition by guessing the prognosis of the disease, and proposed how to make a diagnosis of dehydration by observing nails and toenails. To treat cholera, he presented the methods of Sipseon-bloodletting and Singwol-moxacautery, and mentioned compound herb remedies and single herbs like garlic etc. He wrote down Mulberry leaves and Argyi wormwood leaves as the preventor of cholera to emphasize the importance of prevention, and mentioned food contraindication in addition to keep from getting worse.

It is generally called that the Dunhuang Manuscript ${\ulcorner}Shanghanlun{\lrcorner}$ (敦煌本 ${\ulcorner}$傷寒論${\lrcorner}$ ) is all the series of documents relating to the Shanghanlun (傷寒論) included in one of the testaments, which was, in 1900, originally found in the Cangjing hole(藏經洞, Mogao cave(莫高窟), Dunhuang(敦煌), Gansu province(甘肅省). I tried to research on the ${\ulcorner}Fuhengjue$ Zangfuyongyao $Fayao{\lrcorner}$ (${\ulcorner}$輔行訣藏府用樂法要${\lrcorner$) in the Dunhuang Testament (敦煌遺書), which include main texts of the ${\ulcorner}Tangyejingfa{\lrcorner$ (湯液經法) upon which the ${\ulcorner}Shanghanlun{\lrcorner}$ (傷寒論) is based, because it seems to be in the category of the Dunhuang Manuscript ${\ulcorner}Shanghanlun{\lrcorner}$ (敦煌本 ${\ulcorner}$傷寒論${\lrcorner}$) in the broadly extended sense.

When Ojuyeonmunjangjunsan'go, which we may call the ocean of data in Chosun Dynasty, referes to the matter related tobacco, it often quotes from Enroku. Enroku is a technical book of tobacco in Japan. It not only often quotes from Jibongyuseol, an encyclopedia published in Chosun Dynasty, but also embodies literary works related tobacco written by Koreans. We are so interested, because even the first literary work related tobacco written by a Korean is included in it. But on the ground of foreign book, Koreans have not made a deep study on it. So, In this treatise We will picture a broad outline of Enroku, and introduce literary works related tobacco written by Koreans in it. It would be little aid for the deep study on tobacco itself and on literary works related tobacco in Korea.

Folk Remedies symbolize the medical art of the common people, and contain their special emotion and colloquial expressions. They are medical treatments in which the medical history and the tradition and the soul of a people are incorporated. They are handed down in various ways. This study introduces some of folk remedies. For example, powder of tigers' bones heals neuralgia. Rice wine brewing up with ginger is effective in a cold. Water boiling with safflower does good in neuralgia. Pasting herba houttuyniae takes effect in skin disease. To Decoct and drink old hardy orange is effective in urticaria. Water boiling with fructus corni alleviates a fever. Camellia oil or rhizoma cnidii or iris is used for the extermination of vermin and the antiseptic. In the end, the practical application of these remedies to the resources of industry and education will be discussed.

There are various treatment methods in traditional tales concerning Heo jun. Among these tales We will introduce cases connected with Gwakhyangjeonggisan. In this treatise We will not lay great emphasis on significance in oriental medicine but on significance of traditional tale. This study will provide some research material on traditional medicine.

To evaluate constitutional preference and clinical symptoms on the foods, we statistically analyzed the 572 patients' data based on the Sasang Constitutional Information Bank (SCIB) in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM). As a result, these are supposed to constitution-related foods ; crucian, watermelon, barley, ginseng, honey, chicken, deer's horn, beef, cold foods. Among these, crucian, barley, cold foods are fit for Soyangin, ginseng, honey, chicken for Soeumin and deer's horn, watermelon, beef for Taeumin. Whereas pork and sliced raw fish are nothing to do with sasang constitution in this study.

To evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of the questionnaire concerning personal properties on 'pattern of speech and activity' according to the Sasang constitution that were used in Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine, we analyzed the data of 1,335 patients obtained through the electronic chart in the aspect of 'relative discrimination ability' to Sasang constitutions and 'response ratio' using statistical Package SPSS. In categories of 'speech pattern', No.2 (speak mildly and softly) was effectively discriminating Soeum type. No.4 (talkative) and No.7 (speak fast) were effective factors for the discrimination of Soyang type, though No.4 (talkative) was needed to be improved in response ratio. The category of 'activity pattern' has shown high response ratio but low discriminating power. However, No.2 (keep staying home but avoid going out) in this category was effectively discriminating Soeum type. The discriminating power of 'pattern of speech and activity' for the age group less than 20 years old was too low, so it is necessary to develop the questionnaire for the elementary to high school students as well as for the preschoolers.

TObjectives: Develop a sham moxibustion and determine whether subjects can distinguish a sham moxibustion from a real moxibustion. Design: Single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial Methods: Sham and real moxibustion resemble each other in appearance, burning procedure, but the base of the sham moxibustion isolates the moxa-producing heat and smoke. This device was tested in a clinical trial in which subjects received moxibustion at Zhongwan(CV12), Mingmen(GV4), Quchi(LI11), Zusanli(ST36), Taichong(LR3)), Hegu(LI4). Volunteers(n=32) were given pre-treatment questionnaire to assess their experience in getting moxibustion therapy and performing it. They randomized into treatment(n=16) or sham controlled group(n=16), received moxibustion according their groups. After treatments, the effectiveness of blinding was assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in sex, age, moxibustion experience. In the treatment group and the sham group, the number of subjects who believed they received real moxibustion or sham is not different significantly.(P=.668) The consistency of a moxibustion type which subjects received actually and the their guess about that, isn't different significantly in two groups.(P=.465) Conclusion: The sham moxibustion was successfully validated in this study, The results demonstrate that this sham moxibustion blinds subjects and can be used as effective placebo-control in moxibustion clinical trials.

Aims: We have examined and analyzed trends of acupuncture related patents to understand the status of acupuncture technology and research trends of acupuncture in major countries including Korea, the United States, European Union and Japan. Methods: To analyze the patents, we searched and analyzed the total of 1,048 on-line DB based patents under time limit of July, 2006. Results: According to the search results, Korea is mostly superior compared to the others in number of domestic patents. However, Korea patents is inferior in number of international patents and leave much to be desired in industrial applications because of low patents barrier of personal patents and the absence of prospective clients. In addition, in this study, we show an index of international competitiveness and preliminary data of necessity of international cooperation in a field of acupuncture researches. Conclusion: These data suggest that Korea has strong possibility to recover competitiveness for guaranteeing valuable patents, if there are international cooperation and intensive managements of industries in advanced country markets.

The high position condition 10 escape which the obesity person appeals. Obesity Pattern-Identification question it will yell and 243 subjects which to the obesity in the patient of 517 subjects which draw up correspond. (longitude obesity 153 person, altitude obesity 90 person) against it analyzes. In order to analyze the reliability of the items which diagnose each Pattern-Identification it used Cronbach alpha coefficient and escape it did the alpha of each item. Alpha value of each Pattern-Identification than appears more highly the item which it will be able to consider an elimination in the item which decreases a reliability. In that phlegm-retention syndrome is bigger alpha coefficient 0.784 than 'meal quantity is few'(0.787) a possibility of seeing in the item which decreases a reliability to the place where it diagnoses it puts in phlegm-retention syndrome.

Objectives : The study investigated the actual condition of the class for Qi-gong gymnastics among health promotion service programs using oriental medicines, which the public health center has been conducting for local residents. Method : Of a total of 964 oriental medical physician in public health center across the country, it examined 27 places consisting of public health centers and public health sub-centers, and public hospitals, all of which were running the class for Qi-gong gymnastics. Then, it carried out the tele research of those oriental medical physicians in charge of the class there. Result : As a result, area that is enforcing the Class for Qi-gong Gymnastics was expose each attempt that difference is particularly, and appeared by thing which form and practice law that operate the classroom are various. Also, in many cases, the oriental medical physicians instructed the gymnastics directly instead of inviting an external lecturer. Conclusions : In conclusion, based on the contents surveyed, by making the well-organized system of the class for Qi-gong excercise; by developing the common excercise and texts; and by publicizing and educating the oriental medical physicians engaged in public health, that the Class for Qi-gong Gymnastics is real in health promotion of local residents.

Objective : This study aims to review the current status and problems of Korean Medicine and attempts to come up with the means to present a comprehensive and effective set of statistical data. Methods : We have analyzed the current statistics and tried to show how to establish an effective system to gather and organize statistics related to Korean Medicine, including national surveys by the Ministry of Health and Welfare or other relevant insititutions. Results : The existing statistics in Korean Medicine were established not as a result of national demand based on comprehensive analysis but due to the demand of the government ministries such as the Ministry of Health and Welfare or other relevant institutions. Thus, the statistics have been revealed to possess limitations such as a lack of systemization and consistency. In addition, the statistics analyze only the current industrial status of Korean Medicine, and as a result the information in unable to show systematic data for innovation, which is indispensable for the advancement and development of the Korean Medicine industry. Conclusion : To improve the statistical data in Korean Medicine, the statistics need to get over not only the level of management or regulation in Korean Medicine, but also the production of fragmentary statistics. It has to ultimately reflect the innovative activities in Korean Medicine nationally, and show what we need to advance and develop the industry.

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'DONG CHU CHIM' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qikong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qikong operation using 'DONG CHU CHIM' objectively, we stimulated non-invasive to Sobu point of 30 normal adults using 'DONG CHU CHIM' and examined the result in the basis of high confirmed and repetitive HRV which is a functional assessment method of the autonomic nervous system. Method : This study has been proceeded in three periods. Total was 35min : 10min for the former and latter period of acupuncture stimulus, l5min for the acupuncture stimulus period. For each period, we measured 5min of 3 times(Stage I, II, III). Result : Comparing the changes of HRV during pre-stimulation and post-stimulation, HRT was significantly reduced, LOGTP, LOGVLF, LOGLF, LF/HF were significantly increased and SDNN, LOGHF were generally increased but did not show any significant changes. So we think that the stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' affects on the sympathetic system and parasympathetic system, it activates the autonomic nervous system, and it makes the inequality of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve to be equal status. Conclusions : We can conclude that the non-invasive stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' can affect significantly to the autonomic nervous system. So it can be used in clinic as a tool of Qikong operation, and it can be also used to weak patients or children because it doesn't give a lot of pain like 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) compared to invasive stimulus. By the basis of this study, more studies about the effect of 'DONG CHE CHIM' should be done in the future.

Emodin is one of the main active components of a traditional Korean medicine isolated from the root and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum L. In this study, of 222 natural compounds to evaluate the anabolic activities, emodin activated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 promoter in the differentiation process of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Emodin was shown to significantly stimulate the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an earlyphase marker of osteoblastic differentiation, on the differentiation day 7, and induce the osteopontin mRNA expression from the differentiation day 14. In addition, low concentration (up to 5 M) of emodin dramatically promoted the induction of mineralization in MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. The stimulatory effect of emodin on the osteoblast differentiation/mineralization could be associated with its potential to stimulate the BMP-2 gene expression. Although further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism, this study suggests that the use of herbal medicine containing natural compounds with anabolic activity such as emodin could have a beneficial effect on bone health.

As a result to amplifying 12 samples of 'Sok-dan' through an random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method using eighteen DEC and URP primers, distinct band forms enabling discrimination of Phlomus umbrosa and Dipsacus asperoides were observable in the UBC 320 primer, UBC 367 primer, UBC 385 primer, UBC 414 primer, UBC 423 primer, URP 3 primer, URP 5 primer and URP 9 primer. The polymorph result amplified with a random primer was evaluated through Gelcompar II, showing a result dividable into two groups. The divided groups were the dried sample group of Dipsacus asperoides and the group of Phlomis umbrosa. In order to recognize the distinction between Dipsaci Radix types, the genetic variation of 'Sok-dan' produced domestically and imported was evaluated through RAPD, and the potential to distinguish these in forms of dried medicine was identified, presenting a method to authentification of Phlomis umbrosa and Dispacus asperoides.

In the post-genome era, analysis of the cellular transcriptome using microarray or the cellular proteome using a 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are most widely used. Stroke is one of the most important causes of death along with cancer and cardiac disease. When pathological change of cells in developed from cerebral ischemia accompanied by stroke administration of neuroprotective drugs before stroke can decreases the degeneration of neuronal cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effect and protein expression after administration of P004, middle cerebral artery model of cerebral ischemia in rats. SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. P004 (1,000 mg/kg) was administered 2 times at 0, 90 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were killed at 48 hours, and infarct area and volume were determined by histology and computerized image analysis. We investigated the protein expression profile on the global ischemia induced by MCAo. This proteomic analysis enable us to identify several proteins differently expressed in infarct brain tissue. The aims of this study were to do investigation comparing the neuroprotection activities of P004 and to understand the mechanism of acted as neuroprotective drug.

SsangHwaTang has been traditionally prescribed a medicine as a restorative. In this study, We investigated the acute toxicity about water-extracted SsangHwaTang. Twenty-five mice completed 14 days of oral SsangHwaTang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000mg/kg. And then we observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight, and autopsy. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups (2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of SsangHwaTang was over 5000mg/kg and it is very safe to ICR mice.